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Solar eclipse of September 11, 1988

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, September 11, 1988,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9377. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 12.5 hours after apogee (on September 10, 1988, at 16:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

Solar eclipse of September 11, 1988
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.4681
Magnitude0.9377
Maximum eclipse
Duration417 s (6 min 57 s)
Coordinates20°00′S 94°24′E / 20°S 94.4°E / -20; 94.4
Max. width of band258 km (160 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse4:44:29
References
Saros144 (15 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)9483

Annularity was visible in southeastern Somalia (including the capital city Mogadishu), the Indian Ocean and Macquarie Island of Australia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]

September 11, 1988 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1988 September 11 at 01:46:36.7 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1988 September 11 at 02:56:30.0 UTC
First Central Line 1988 September 11 at 02:59:28.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1988 September 11 at 03:02:28.6 UTC
Greatest Duration 1988 September 11 at 04:35:51.5 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1988 September 11 at 04:44:28.7 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1988 September 11 at 04:50:04.6 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1988 September 11 at 05:15:01.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1988 September 11 at 06:26:09.7 UTC
Last Central Line 1988 September 11 at 06:29:09.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1988 September 11 at 06:32:08.7 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1988 September 11 at 07:42:08.2 UTC
September 11, 1988 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.93768
Eclipse Obscuration 0.87924
Gamma −0.46811
Sun Right Ascension 11h18m19.4s
Sun Declination +04°29'02.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'53.3"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 11h17m30.7s
Moon Declination +04°06'57.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'42.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°53'57.6"
ΔT 56.1 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of August–September 1988
August 27
Ascending node (full moon)
 September 11
Descending node (new moon)
   
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 118		 Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 144
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Eclipses in 1988

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 144

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1986–1989

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1986 to 1989
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
119 April 9, 1986
 
Partial 		−1.0822 124 October 3, 1986
 
Hybrid 		0.9931
129 March 29, 1987
 
Hybrid 		−0.3053 134 September 23, 1987
 
Annular 		0.2787
139 March 18, 1988
 
Total 		0.4188 144 September 11, 1988
 
Annular 		−0.4681
149 March 7, 1989
 
Partial 		1.0981 154 August 31, 1989
 
Partial 		−1.1928

Saros 144

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 144, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 11, 1736. It contains annular eclipses from July 7, 1880 through August 27, 2565. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on May 5, 2980. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 51 at 9 minutes, 52 seconds on December 29, 2168. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[5]

Series members 5–26 occur between 1801 and 2200:
5 6 7
 
May 25, 1808 		 
June 5, 1826 		 
June 16, 1844
8 9 10
 
June 27, 1862 		 
July 7, 1880 		 
July 18, 1898
11 12 13
 
July 30, 1916 		 
August 10, 1934 		 
August 20, 1952
14 15 16
 
August 31, 1970 		 
September 11, 1988 		 
September 22, 2006
17 18 19
 
October 2, 2024 		 
October 14, 2042 		 
October 24, 2060
20 21 22
 
November 4, 2078 		 
November 15, 2096 		 
November 27, 2114
23 24 25
 
December 7, 2132 		 
December 19, 2150 		 
December 29, 2168
26
 
January 9, 2187

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between September 12, 1931 and July 1, 2011
September 11–12 June 30–July 1 April 17–19 February 4–5 November 22–23
114 116 118 120 122
 
September 12, 1931 		 
June 30, 1935 		 
April 19, 1939 		 
February 4, 1943 		 
November 23, 1946
124 126 128 130 132
 
September 12, 1950 		 
June 30, 1954 		 
April 19, 1958 		 
February 5, 1962 		 
November 23, 1965
134 136 138 140 142
 
September 11, 1969 		 
June 30, 1973 		 
April 18, 1977 		 
February 4, 1981 		 
November 22, 1984
144 146 148 150 152
 
September 11, 1988 		 
June 30, 1992 		 
April 17, 1996 		 
February 5, 2000 		 
November 23, 2003
154 156
 
September 11, 2007 		 
July 1, 2011

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
February 21, 1803
(Saros 127) 		 
January 21, 1814
(Saros 128) 		 
December 20, 1824
(Saros 129) 		 
November 20, 1835
(Saros 130) 		 
October 20, 1846
(Saros 131)
 
September 18, 1857
(Saros 132) 		 
August 18, 1868
(Saros 133) 		 
July 19, 1879
(Saros 134) 		 
June 17, 1890
(Saros 135) 		 
May 18, 1901
(Saros 136)
 
April 17, 1912
(Saros 137) 		 
March 17, 1923
(Saros 138) 		 
February 14, 1934
(Saros 139) 		 
January 14, 1945
(Saros 140) 		 
December 14, 1955
(Saros 141)
 
November 12, 1966
(Saros 142) 		 
October 12, 1977
(Saros 143) 		 
September 11, 1988
(Saros 144) 		 
August 11, 1999
(Saros 145) 		 
July 11, 2010
(Saros 146)
 
June 10, 2021
(Saros 147) 		 
May 9, 2032
(Saros 148) 		 
April 9, 2043
(Saros 149) 		 
March 9, 2054
(Saros 150) 		 
February 5, 2065
(Saros 151)
 
January 6, 2076
(Saros 152) 		 
December 6, 2086
(Saros 153) 		 
November 4, 2097
(Saros 154) 		 
October 5, 2108
(Saros 155) 		 
September 5, 2119
(Saros 156)
 
August 4, 2130
(Saros 157) 		 
July 3, 2141
(Saros 158) 		 
June 3, 2152
(Saros 159) 		 
April 1, 2174
(Saros 161)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
January 10, 1815
(Saros 138) 		 
December 21, 1843
(Saros 139) 		 
November 30, 1872
(Saros 140)
 
November 11, 1901
(Saros 141) 		 
October 21, 1930
(Saros 142) 		 
October 2, 1959
(Saros 143)
 
September 11, 1988
(Saros 144) 		 
August 21, 2017
(Saros 145) 		 
August 2, 2046
(Saros 146)
 
July 13, 2075
(Saros 147) 		 
June 22, 2104
(Saros 148) 		 
June 3, 2133
(Saros 149)
 
May 14, 2162
(Saros 150) 		 
April 23, 2191
(Saros 151)

Notes

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  1. ^ "September 11, 1988 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1988 Sep 11". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  4. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 144". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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