The Satkhira District (Bengali: সাতক্ষীরা জেলা, pron: Shatkhira, lit.Seven cucumbers) is a district in southwestern Bangladesh and is part of Khulna Division. It lies along the border with West Bengal, India. It is on the bank of the Arpangachhia River. The largest city and headquarter of this district is Satkhira.[3][4][5]
Satkhira District
সাতক্ষীরা জেলা | |
|---|---|
     Clockwise from top: Jamindar Bari mosque, Fields at Bagbah village, Chaygharia Shiva temple, Sundarbans, Tetulia Jamia Masjid | |
| Motto: The attraction of Satkhira is the Sundarbans by road. | |
 Location of Satkhira District in Bangladesh | |
 Expandable map of Satkhira District | |
| Coordinates: 22°21′N 89°05′E / 22.35°N 89.08°E | |
| Country |  Bangladesh |
| Division | Khulna |
| Sub District Established | 1852 |
| Established as District | 1 March 1984 |
| Headquarters | Satkhira |
| Government | |
| • Member of Parliament | Vacant |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,817.29 km2 (1,473.86 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 2,196,582 |
| • Density | 580/km2 (1,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+06:00 (BST) |
| Postal code | 9400 |
| Area code | 0471 |
| ISO 3166 code | BD-58 |
| HDI (2019) | 0.649[2] medium · 4th of 20 |
Administration
editThe district consists of two municipalities, seven upazilas, 79 union porishods, 8 thana (police station) and 1,436 villages.
The upazilas are:[6]
- Satkhira Sadar Upazila
- Assasuni Upazila
- Debhata Upazila
- Tala Upazila
- Kalaroa Upazila
- Kaliganj Upazila
- Shyamnagar Upazila
The two municipalities are Satkhira and Kalaroa.
Geography
editSatkhira District has an area of 3,817 square kilometres (1,474 sq mi). It is bordered to the north by Jessore District, on the south by the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Khulna District, and to the west by North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, India.
The annual average maximum temperature reaches 35.5 °C (95.9 °F); minimum temperature is 12.5 °C (54.5 °F). The annual rainfall is 1710 mm (67 in).
The main rivers are the Kopotakhi river across Dorgapur union of Assasuni Upazila, Morichap River, Kholpetua River, Betna River, Raimangal River, Hariabhanga river, Ichamati River, Betrabati River and Kalindi-Jamuna River.[9]
Climate
editTropical savanna climates have a monthly mean temperature above 18 °C (64 °F) in every month of the year and typically a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than 60mm (2.36 in) of precipitation. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Aw" (tropical savanna climate).[10]
| Climate data for Satkhira | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25 (77) |
28 (82) |
33 (91) |
34 (93) |
34 (93) |
33 (91) |
31 (87) |
31 (87) |
32 (89) |
31 (87) |
29 (84) |
26 (78) |
30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12 (53) |
15 (59) |
20 (68) |
24 (75) |
25 (77) |
26 (78) |
26 (78) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
23 (73) |
18 (64) |
13 (55) |
21 (69) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.6 (0.3) |
23 (0.9) |
30 (1.2) |
71 (2.8) |
140 (5.7) |
290 (11.6) |
350 (13.9) |
330 (12.8) |
270 (10.5) |
140 (5.6) |
25 (1) |
7.6 (0.3) |
1,690 (66.5) |
| Source: Weatherbase[11] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1974 | 1,143,953 | — |
| 1981 | 1,354,662 | +2.44% |
| 1991 | 1,597,178 | +1.66% |
| 2001 | 1,864,704 | +1.56% |
| 2011 | 1,985,959 | +0.63% |
| 2022 | 2,196,582 | +0.92% |
| Sources:[1][12] | ||
According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Satkhira District had 566,752 households and a population of 2,196,582 with an average 3.85 people per household. Among the population, 360,699 (16.42%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 575 people per km2. Satkhira District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 75.32%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1009 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 19.67% of the population lived in urban areas. The ethnic population was 3,865.[1]
| Religion | 1941[13]: 86–87 [a] | 1991[12] | 2001[12] | 2011[12] | 2022[1] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| Islam | 364,068 | 52.47% | 1,247,051 | 78.08% | 1,495,219 | 80.19% | 1,625,782 | 81.86% | 1,851,516 | 84.29% |
| Hinduism | 327,458 | 47.20% | 342,520 | 21.45% | 360,723 | 19.34% | 351,551 | 17.70% | 337,145 | 15.35% |
| Others [b] | 2,310 | 0.33% | 7,607 | 0.47% | 8,762 | 0.47% | 8,626 | 0.44% | 7,921 | 0.36% |
| Total Population | 693,836 | 100% | 1,597,178 | 100% | 1,864,704 | 100% | 1,985,959 | 100% | 2,196,582 | 100% |
Satkhira had a 47% Hindu population in 1941 dominated by Scheduled Castes, with several thanas in the present district having a Hindu majority. During the massive riots in the 1950s and 1960s most of the Hindus there fled to neighboring India. The population of Hindus and Christians has remained constant since 1981, but their percentages have fallen massively. Christians live mainly in Kalaroa and Tala upazilas.
Economy
edit
Economoy of Satkhira is mainly Agriculture based. But it has diverse opportuniy of economic prosperity. One land port (Bhomra) and several export producs make Satkhira as the next properious district of Bangladesh. Most of the peoples of the southern part of Satkhira depend on pisciculture, locally called gher. Main fruits are aam (mango), jaam (blackberry), kathal (jackfruit), kola (banana), pepe (papaya), lichoo (litchi), naarikel (coconut) and peyara (guava). Farms are 86 dairies, 322 poultry farms, 3,046 fisheries, 3,650 shrimp farms, 66 hatcheries and one cattle breeding centre. Export products
- Shrimp
- Mango
- Jute
- Crab
- Handmade Clay Tiles
Points of interest
edit
Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world, is a World Heritage Site, and covers an area of 5,747 square kilometres (2,219 sq mi).
The region is home to many ancient buildings and temples such as Sultanpur Shahi Mosque (500 years old) and Pir-e-Kamel Kari Hafez Sah-Sufi Jonab Hazrat Maolana Azizur Rahman (Rh) was a Muslim Sufi Saint and local ruler Kalimakhali, assasuni upozila in Satkhira (now in Bangladesh). Attractions also include the mangrove forest at Kaligonj Upazila. This forest, named Basjharia Joarar Ban, is popularly known as the forest of BADHA. The Joarar Ban is a cause of friction between the Bangladesh and Indian border.[citation needed]
Infrastructure
editLand ports
edit
India-Bangladesh (Bhomra land port): 200 yards distant BGP camp from the main port. The Bhomra land port is the second largest in Bangladesh. The Bhomra land customs station was inaugurated in 1996.
Transport
editRoads and highways are Satkhira-Khulna, Satkhira-Jessore, Satkhira-Assasuni-Ghola, Satkhira-Kaligonj-Shyamnagar. Satkhira-Kaligonj-Shyamnagar is very bad due to the conductor's corruption.[citation needed]
Education
editRecently established one medical college, 79 colleges, one primary teacher's training institute, 421 high schools, 41 junior high schools, 259 madrassas, and 822 government primary schools. Some of the notable educational institutions are:
- Satkhira Science and Technology University
- Satkhira Govt. Polytechnic Institute
- Satkhira Government College
- Satkhira City College
- Satkhira Medical College
- Satkhira Government Girls’ High School
- Satkhira Government High School
- Satkhira Government Mahila College
- Kaliganj Govt. College
- Satkhira Day-Night College
- Kalaroa government college
- Jhaudanga high school
Digital Satkhira
editIn 1994, a few young people started a computer training center as a business and prepared some talents who later started other computer businesses and ultimately created the idea of digital Satkhira. Slowly the computer replaced manual machines in the office, banks, and other institutions. Schools and colleges started recruiting computer teachers. Many more young people started computer businesses. Manual (letter) printing presses switched to offset printing using the computer.
In 1999 the Computer Association of Satkhira was established with 30 members. Computer Association of Satkhira regularly organizes computer fairs in various locations for ICT awareness. Some of the computer fairs were supported by Bangladesh Computer Samity with the presence of Mustafa Jabbar, the current ICT minister.
Notable people
edit- A. F. M. Entaz Ali
- Habibul Islam Habib - ex-Member of Parliament, Satkhira-1. Publicity and Publication Affairs Secretary of Bangladesh Nationalist Party[14]
- Pori Moni - Bangladeshi Actress
- Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah
- AFM Ruhal Haque
- Soumya Sarkar
- Mustafizur Rahman
- Nilufar Yasmin
- Sabina Yasmin
- Amin Khan (actor)
- Moushumi
- Moushumi Hamid
- Falguni Hamid
- Tariq Anam Khan
- Afzal Hossain
- Rani Sarker
- Muhammad Wajed Ali
- Sikandar Abu Jafar
- Sabina Khatun
- Masura Parvin
- S.M Alauddin
- M.R. Khan
Satkhira Government Hospital/Medical College
edit| 1 | Satkhira Sadar Hospital |
| 2 | Satkhira Medical College & Hospital |
| 3 | Upazila Health Complex, Debhata |
| 4 | Upazila Health Complex, Kaliganj |
| 5 | Upazila Health Complex, Shyamnagar |
| 6 | Upazila Health Complex, Kalaroa |
| 7 | Upazila Health Complex, Tala |
| 8 | Upazila Health Complex, Assasuni |
Private Hospital/Clinic
edit| 1 | Anwara Memorial Clinic |
| 2 | Bushra Hospital |
| 3 | Care Clinic |
| 4 | CB Hospital Limited. |
| 5 | City Clinic |
| 6 | Doctors Lab & Hospital (Pvt.) Ltd. |
| 7 | DR. MAHTABUDDIN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL |
| 8 | Farhan Clinic |
| 9 | Grameen Eye Hospital, Satkhira |
| 10 | HEART FOUNDATION AND INTENSIVE CARE HOSPITAL |
| 11 | Islami Bank Community Hospital Satkhira Ltd. |
| 12 | Jhaudanga Piles and Surgical Clinic |
| 13 | NAZMUN CLINIC |
| 14 | Sangram Medical Hospital (Pvt.) |
| 15 | Sanjana nursing home & clinic |
| 16 | Satata Clinic |
| 17 | Satkhira National Hospital |
| 18 | Satkhira Trauma & Orthopaedics Care Centre. |
Private Diagnostic Centre
edit| 1 | Anwara Memorial Diagnostic Centre |
| 2 | Bushra Diagnostic Center |
| 3 | Care Diagnostic Centre |
| 4 | CB Hospital Limited |
| 5 | Digital Diagnostic & CT Scan Center |
| 06 | Islami Bank Community Hospital Satkhira Ltd. |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Satkhira subdivision of Khulna district, excluding territory in Sundarbans Forest thana (which is less than 7000 people for the entire district)
- ^ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated
References
edit
- ^ a b c d e Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report (PDF). Vol. 1. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. November 2023.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
- ^ "Satkhira District - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ "Visit Satkhira District Portal". satkhira.amardesh.com. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ "District LGED". oldweb.lged.gov.bd. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Bangladesh Bureau of statistics, 2011, Satkhira Archived 13 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ সাতক্ষীরা জেলা পরিষদের প্রথম চেয়ারম্যান নজরুল ইসলাম. banglanews24.com (in Bengali). 28 December 2016.
- ^ "New Satkhira DC takes office". banglanews24.com. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
- ^ Amirul Ashraf (2012). "Satkhira District". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Climate Summary
- ^ "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013. Retrieved on 30 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Satkhira" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
- ^ "Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "জাতীয় কার্যনির্বাহী কমিটি ২০১৬".