During World War II, Operation Zipper was a British plan to capture either Port Swettenham or Port Dickson, Malaya, as staging areas for the recapture of Singapore in Operation Mailfist. However, due to the end of the war in the Pacific, it was never fully executed. Some of the proposed landings on Penang went ahead as planned to probe Japanese intentions, encountering no resistance.[1] The planned deception for this attack was called Operation Slippery, whilst a small Special Operations Executive team led by Tun Ibrahim Ismail which landed in October 1944 managed to convince the Japanese that the landings were to be on the Isthmus of Kra, 650 miles (1,050 km) to the north.[2]
| Operation Zipper | |
|---|---|
| Part of South-East Asian theatre of World War II | |
| Planned by | South East Asia Command |
| Objective | Liberation of Malaya and Singapore |
| Outcome | Scaled down into Operation Tiderace for the liberation of Singapore and Operation Jurist for the liberation of Penang. |
Operations Jurist and Tiderace were put into action following the surrender of Japan, with the objectives of directly liberating Penang and Singapore respectively, followed by smaller amphibious landings on the coast of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan.[3] Two Allied fleets set sail from Rangoon, with the Royal Navy's Task Force 11 headed for Penang under Operation Jurist, while the larger British and French fleet sailing on to Singapore under Operation Tiderace.[4][5][6] The earlier liberation of Penang was intended to test Japanese intentions as a prelude to the eventual recapture of Singapore and the rest of Malaya.[3]
The Japanese garrison in Penang surrendered on 2 September and the Royal Marines recaptured Penang Island the following day. Meanwhile, the Allied fleet arrived off Singapore on 4 September and accepted the surrender of the Japanese forces stationed on the island. A formal surrender ceremony was held in downtown Singapore on 12 September.
On 9 September, troops of the 25th Indian Division were landed in Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, capturing Port Dickson. After some delays, the Commonwealth force reached Kuala Lumpur on 12 September.
References
edit- ^ Bayly, Christopher Alan; Harper, Timothy Norman (2007), Forgotten wars: Freedom and Revolution in Southeast Asia, Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674021532
- ^ "Obituary:Tun Ibrahim Ismail". The Daily Telegraph. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
- ^ a b Bayly; Christopher Alan, Harper, Timothy Norman (2007). Forgotten Wars: Freedom and Revolution in Southeast Asia. United States: Harvard University. ISBN 9780674021532.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ JAPANESE SIGN THE SURRENDER OF PENANG ABOARD HMS NELSON (3/9/1945), Colonial Film, 3 September 1945, retrieved 12 June 2011
- ^ H.M.S. Attacker
- ^ H.M.S. Hunter
Bibliography
edit- Bose, Romen, "The End of the War: Singapore's Liberation and the aftermath of the Second World War", Marshall Cavendish, Singapore, 2005
- Christopher Bayly & Tim Harper, "Forgotten Wars: Freedom And Revolution in Southeast Asia", Penguin Group, United Kingdom, 2006, ISBN 978-0-674-02153-2, ISBN 0-674-02153-3