Merkawre Sobekhotep (Sobekhotep VII) was an Ancient Egyptian king during the Second Intermediate Period.
| Merkawre Sobekhotep (mr-kꜣw-rꜥ sbk-ḥtp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Sobekhotep VII | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Inscription from a pink granite seated statue of Merkawre Sobekhotep discovered in Karnak. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 2 years, ..., and 3 or 4 days. Estimated by Kim Ryholt to be 2 and a half years[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Sewadjkare Hori | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Children | Bebi, Sobekhotep | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | 13th dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Attestations
editContemporary
editMerkawre Sobekhotep is attested by a scarab-seal of unknown origin. [2]
He is also attested by two statues dedicated to Amun. The statues were originally from Karnak and are now in the Egyptian Museum and in the Louvre Museum respectively.[3] The statues present Merkawre Sobekhotep with two sons Bebi and Sobekhotep, both bearing the titles of "king's son" and of "court official".[1]
Seated Statue Louvre E 7824
editAt Karnak, a pink granite seated statue with the royal name.[4]
Seated Statue Cairo JE 43599
editAt Karnak, a granited seated statue dedicated to Amun, the royal name of mr-kꜣw-rꜥ sbk-ḥtp.[5] Also mentioned (1) Bebi King's Son, Seb Official, Mouth of Hierakonpolis (sꜣ-nsw; sꜣb; rꜣ-nḫn bbj (PD 228 weak)) and (2) Sobekhotep King's Son, Seb Official, Mouth of Hierakonpolis (sꜣ-nsw; sꜣb; rꜣ-nḫn sbk-ḥtp).
Bebi (PD 228 weak) may be mentioned in Bologna EG 1927[6] as "king's son", and Stela Cairo CG 20578[7] as “senior king's son” and “true king's son”.
Non-contemporary
editMerkawre Sobekhotep is also named in the Turin canon (Ryholt: row 8 column 8, Gardiner & von Beckerath: row 7, column 8) and in the Karnak king list. The Turin canon credits him with a reign of 2 years, a lost number of months and 3 to 4 days. Consequently, Ryholt attributes him 2+1⁄2 years of reign.
Chronological position
editThe exact chronological position of Merkawre Sobekhotep in the 13th dynasty is not known for certain owing to uncertainties affecting earlier kings of the dynasty.
Turin canon
editAccording to the Turin canon, Merkawre Sobekhotep was the immediate successor of Sewadjkare Hori. After Merkawre Sobekhotep's kingship, the sequence of rulers of the 13th dynasty is highly uncertain due to a large lacuna affecting the Turin canon. Four to seven king names are lost to the lacuna.[1]
Speculations
editHe probably reigned over Middle and perhaps Upper Egypt during the mid-17th century BC from 1664 BC until 1663 BC.[1] Alternatively, the German Egyptologist Thomas Schneider dates this short-lived king's reign from 1646 BC to 1644 BC[8]
Darrell Baker makes him the thirty-seventh king of the dynasty, Kim Ryholt sees him as the thirty-eighth king and Jürgen von Beckerath places him as the thirty-second pharaoh of the dynasty.[2][9]
References
edit- ^ a b c d K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800-1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997
- ^ a b c Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300 - 1069 BC, Stacey International, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 453
- ^ Catalogue No. Egyptian Museum (Cairo) JE 43599; Louvre Museum A. 121[E. 7824].
- ^ "Statue". 1700.
- ^ "Cairo JE 43599 | Persons and Names of the Middle Kingdom".
- ^ "Bologna EG 1927 | Persons and Names of the Middle Kingdom".
- ^ "Cairo CG 20578 | Persons and Names of the Middle Kingdom".
- ^ Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, Glückstadt 1964, S. 61, 254-255 (XIII 32.)