List of countries by rail usage

This is a list of countries by rail usage. Usage of rail transport may be measured in tonne-kilometres (tkm) or passenger-kilometres (pkm) travelled for freight and passenger transport respectively. This is the number of tonnes or passengers multiplied by the average distance of their journeys in kilometres.

Map of the world with rail density (length of rail network divided by area of country) highlighted. This does not necessarily reflect actual rail use.

Overview

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Globally, rail freight is transported to the extent of almost 10,000 billion tonne-kilometres (9.842 billion long ton-miles or 11.023 billion short ton-miles) per year, of which about one-third occurs in India and a quarter each in the United States and China.

Of the 3,000 bn passenger-kilometres travelled across the world each year, 1,346 bn are travelled in China and 1,150 bn in India. Thus China and India together contribute almost half of world's passenger travel.

The average Swiss person travels 2,430 km by train each year (the highest in the world), almost 500 more than the average Japanese person (the second highest).

In 2014, there were about 1 million kilometres (621,400 miles) of railway in the world, a decrease of 3% compared to 2013. Of this,

  • 350,000 km (218,000 mi) were in Europe and mainly used for passenger service,
  • 370,000 km (230,000 mi) were in North America and mainly used for freight, and
  • 230,000 km (140,000 mi) were in Asia and used for both freight and passenger service.[1]

In America and Europe, many low-fare airlines and motorways compete with rail for passenger traffic. Asia has experienced a large growth in high-speed rail: its 257bn passenger-kilometres represent 72% of total world high-speed rail passenger traffic.[1]

Passenger rail

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These figures do not include metro railway systems; see Lists of rapid transit systems for metro rail statistics.

Passenger-kilometres of rail transport per year

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Countries with more than five billion passenger-kilometres (pkm) travelled per year. Unless otherwise specified, data come from the Railway Statistics 2015 Report by the International Union of Railways (UIC).

Rank Country/Region Passenger-kilometres
(billions)
Data year
1   China 1,550[2] 2019
2   India 1,157[3] 2019
3   Japan 446.7[4] 2019
4   Russia 133.6[4] 2019
5   France 112.6[4] 2019
6   Germany 100[4] 2019
7   South Korea 93.9[4] 2019
8   United Kingdom 80.5[4] 2018
9   Italy 56.6[4] 2019
10   United States 32.5[4] 2019
11   Ukraine 28.4 2019
12   Spain 27.3[4] 2019
13   Netherlands 22.6[4] 2018
14   Poland 22.1[4] 2019
15    Switzerland 21.7[5] 2019
16   Pakistan 20.3 2015
17   Taiwan 19.8 2015
18   Indonesia 18.5 2015
19   Kazakhstan 18.5[4] 2018
20   Australia 17.6[4] 2018
21   Iran 16.3 2014
22   Sweden 14.6[4] 2019
23   Turkey 14.3[4] 2019
24   Bangladesh 14.3[6] 2019
25   Austria 13.4[4] 2019
26   Czech Republic 10.9[4] 2019
27   Belgium 10.2[4] 2017
28   Argentina 8.4[4] 2017
29   Hungary 7.8[4] 2019
30   Thailand 7.5 2011
31   Denmark 6.6[4] 2018
32   Belarus 6.3[4] 2019
33   Romania 5.9[4] 2019
34   Portugal 5[4] 2019
35   Finland 4.9[4] 2019
 World 2,954 2014
  European Union 416 2019

Passengers carried in rail transport per year

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Countries with more than 20 million passengers per year. Unless otherwise specified, data come from the Railway Statistics 2019 Report by the International Union of Railways.

As mentioned in the notes, many of these figures are very incomplete, as they exclude metro/rapid transport rail services.

Rank Country Million
passengers
Data year Notes
1   Japan 25,201 2019 [7] Includes all public and private rail services. For only the JR group rail companies, the figure in 2019 was 9,503 million passengers.[7]
2   India 8,439 2019 Includes Indian Railways suburban and intercity traffic only, excludes the passengers carried by rapid transit systems. The Delhi Metro alone transported 1.73 billion passengers in 2018.
3   China 3,660 2019[8] Excludes rapid transit networks, which handled 23.71 billion passengers in 2019.[9]
4   Germany 2,938 2019[10]
5   Brazil 2,480 2023[11] Includes all public and private rail services. Down 24% from the 3.26 billion passengers carried in 2019
6   France 1,880 2019[12]
7   United Kingdom 1,836.8 2019[10] The London Underground ("The Tube") had an additional 1.34 billion passengers in 2015-16[13]
8   Russia 1,157.2 2018 Moscow Metro alone had 2.45 billion passengers in 2014[14]
9   Australia 1,064.2 2018–19 Combined Urban and Non-Urban Rail Passenger Traffic [15]
10   Italy 883.3 2019[10]
11   Spain 636 2019[16] Madrid Metro alone had 657.2 million passengers in 2018.[17]
12   United States 535 2019 Amtrak had 32.5 million passengers in Fiscal Year 2019 (ending September 30).[18] Among regional systems that report to the American Public Transportation Association, there were 502.5 million commuter rail riders in calendar year 2019.[19]
13    Switzerland 519.3 2019[10]
14   Netherlands 474.5 2019
15   Ukraine 440.9 2016[20]
16   Indonesia 429.2 2019[21]
17   Argentina 426.2 2018 423,202,522 Buenos Aires commuter[22]
2,036,792 regional[23]
1,009,357 long distance
18   Poland 324.1 2019[10] Passengers carried by all rail passenger transport companies in Poland.[24]
19   Taiwan 291.84 2018
20   Austria 278 2019[10] Vienna U-Bahn alone had 463.1 million passengers in 2018.[25]
21   Egypt 270 2019[26]
22   South Africa 269 2017–18[27]
23   Sweden 264.6 2019[10] Stockholm metro alone had 353 million passengers in 2017.[28]
24   Belgium 246.94 2018
25   Denmark 206.6 2019[10]
26   Czech Republic 193.5 2019[10] Prague Metro alone had 435.6 million passengers in 2017.[29]
27   Portugal 175.5 2019[10] Lisbon Metro alone had 169 million passengers in 2018.[30]
28   Turkey 164.7 2019[10] Istanbul Metro alone had 469.7 million passengers in 2018.[31]
29   Sri Lanka 138.66 2017 [32]
30   South Korea 127.84 2018
31   Hungary 119 2018 Budapest Metro alone had 409.3 million passengers in 2017.[33]
32   Canada 106.9 2019[34] Via Rail, Canada's main intercity rail provider, transported 5 million passengers in 2019. Commuter railway systems in and around Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver transported an additional 101.9 million passengers in 2019.
33   Finland 92.8 2019[35] 14.9 million / year long-distance
77.9 million / year in Helsinki commuter traffic
34   Bangladesh 92.71 2019[6] Includes only Bangladesh Railway figures.
35   Norway 80.402 2019[36] Oslo Metro alone had 122 million passengers in 2018.[37]
36   Slovakia 80 2019[10]
37   Belarus 79.86 2018 Minsk Metro alone had 293.7 million passengers in 2019.[38]
38   Romania 67.9 2019[10] Bucharest Metro alone had 178.9 million passengers in 2017.[39]
39   Israel 64.6 2017 The Jerusalem Light Rail carried an additional 42.5 million passengers in 2017.[40]
40   Mexico 57 2018 Tren Suburbano statistics only[41]
41   Pakistan 52.39 2018
42   Ireland 50.06 2019[10]
43   Thailand 50 2017[42] Bangkok MRT alone had 113.7 million passengers in 2018.[43]
44   Myanmar 48 2017[44]
45   Chile 47 2018[45] Santiago Metro alone had 721 million passengers in 2018.[46]
46   Malaysia 44.51 2018
47   Tunisia 41 2017
48   Algeria 39 2018 Algiers Metro alone had 40 million passengers in 2018.[47]
49   Morocco 35 2018
50   New Zealand 35 2019[48]
51   Iran 28.09 2018 Tehran Metro alone had 721 million passengers in 2016.[49]
52   Luxembourg 25 2019[10]
53   Kazakhstan 22.9 2018
54   Philippines 21.84 2018
55   Uzbekistan 21.59 2018 Tashkent Metro alone had 71.2 million passengers in 2019.[38]
56   Bulgaria 21.3 2019[10] Sofia Metro alone had 93.1 million passengers in 2018.[50]

Passenger modal share for rail

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The modal share of railway transport (excluding tram & metro) as compared to other modes of transport, based on Passenger-km.

Rank Country Modal share (%) year
1   Japan 32.9 2016[51][52]
2   China 32 2021[53]
3   Russia 24.4 2018[54]
4    Switzerland 20.0 2019[55]
5   India 20.0 2018[56]
6   Austria 12.9 2019[55]
7   Netherlands 11.3 2019[55]
8   Sweden 10.5 2019[55]
9   France 10.4 2019[55]
10   Slovakia 10.2 2019[55]
11   Czech Republic 9.9 2019[55]
12   Germany 9.4 2019[55]
13   United Kingdom 8.5 2019[55]
14   Belgium 8.4 2019[55]
15   Hungary 8.3 2019[55]
16   Denmark 8.2 2019[55]
17   Poland 7.3 2019[55]
18   Spain 7.1 2019[55]
19   Indonesia 6.3 2005[57]
20   Italy 6.3 2019[55]
21   Finland 6.2 2019[55]
22   Norway 4.9 2019[55]
23   Luxembourg 4.8 2019[55]
24   Portugal 4.6 2019[55]
25   Romania 4.2 2019[55]
26   Latvia 3.4 2019[55]
27   Ireland 3.3 2019[55]
28   Turkey 3.3 2019[55]
29   Croatia 2.4 2019[55]
30   Bulgaria 2.2 2019[55]
31   Estonia 2.2 2019[55]
32   Slovenia 1.8 2019[55]
33   Montenegro 1.2 2019[55]
34   Greece 1.0 2019[55]
35   Lithuania 1.0 2019[55]
36   Serbia 0.7 2019[55]
37   North Macedonia 0.6 2019[55]
38   United States 0.3 2004[58]

Passenger rail by passenger-kilometres per capita

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Countries with more than five billion passenger-kilometres travelled per year.

Country Kilometers/year Year
   Switzerland 1,637 2021[59]
  France 1,040 2021[59]
  Austria 950 2021[59]
  Sweden 768 2021[59]
  Denmark 722 2021[59]
  Germany 697 2021[59]
  Belgium 653 2021[59]
  Czech Republic 637 2021[59]
  Netherlands 570 2021[59]
  Hungary 552 2021[59]
  United Kingdom 460 2021[59]
  Italy 457 2021[59]
  Poland 417 2021[59]
  Spain 348 2021[59]
  Romania 220 2021[59]
  Croatia 139 2021[59]
  Japan 3,400 2016[51]
  Russia 1,220
  India 1,178 2017[60]
  Ukraine 1,150
  Belarus 1,030
  China 1,019 2019
  Kazakhstan 880
  South Korea 650
  Egypt 550
  Taiwan 410
  Iran 180
  Argentina 170
  Pakistan 160
  Thailand 150
  Indonesia 110
  Bangladesh 86.6 2019
  Turkey 80
  United States 80

Freight rail

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Tonne-kilometres of rail transport per year

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Tonne-km of selected carriers in the European Union, 2003

Countries with more than one billion tonne-kilometres (tkm) travelled per year. Unless otherwise specified, data come from the Railway Statistics 2014 Report by the International Union of Railways.

Rank Country Billion tkm Data year
1   China 3,018[2] 2019
2   Russia 2,596[61] 2018
3   United States 2,105[62] 2020
4   India 1,418[3] 2022
5   Australia 413[63] 2016
6   Brazil 389[64] 2023
7   Canada 352 2011
  European Union 261 2014
8   Ukraine 237 2011
9   Kazakhstan 236 2012
10   South Africa 135 2014
11   Mexico 126.9[65] 2017
12   Germany 113[66] 2019
13   Poland 53.8[66] 2019
14   Belarus 45 2014
15   France 31.8[66] 2019
16   United Kingdom 24.4[67] 2014
17   Uzbekistan 22 2012
18   Iran 22 2013
19   Austria 21.7[66] 2019
20   Sweden 21.1[68] 2014
21   Japan 21[69] 2014
22   Italy 21[66] 2019
23   Lithuania 16.2[66] 2019
24   Czech Republic 16.2[66] 2019
25   Latvia 15[66] 2019
26   Turkey 14.7[66] 2019
27   Argentina 12 2010
28   Turkmenistan 12 2012
29   Colombia 12 2009
30    Switzerland 11[66] 2019
31   Spain 10.3[66] 2019
32   South Korea 10 2013
33   Romania 10 2014
34   Finland 9.6[1] 2014
35   Azerbaijan 8 2014
36   Mauritania 8 2010
37   Indonesia 7 2010
38   Netherlands 6[70] 2013
39   Morocco 6 2011
40   Belgium 5 2014
41   Norway 4[70] 2013
42   Chile 4 2009
43   Vietnam 4 2012
44   Malaysia 3 2011
45   Serbia 3 2014
46   Thailand 3 2011
47   Estonia 2.2[66] 2019
48   Gabon 2 2014
49   Croatia 3.279 2020
50   Denmark 2[70] 2013
51   Tunisia 2 2010
52   Egypt 2 2010
53   Kenya 1.7 2014[71]
54   Bangladesh 1.5 2019[6]
54   Israel 1.4 2016[72]
55   Algeria 1 2012
56   Cameroon 1 2011

Tonnes carried in rail transport per year

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Countries with more than ten million tonnes carried per year. Unless otherwise specified, data come from the Railway Statistics 2014 Report by the International Union of Railways.

Rank Country Million tonnes Data year
1   China 4,389[2] 2019
2   United States 1,600 2022
3   India 1,512 2022
4   Australia 1,347[73] 2016
5   Russia 1,218[74] 2015
6   Brazil 531[64] 2023
7   Ukraine 457 2011
8   Canada 310 2011
9   Kazakhstan 295 2012
10   Poland 225 [75] 2015
11   Germany 221 2014
12   South Africa 197 2011
13   Belarus 141 2014
14   Mexico 128 2018
15   United Kingdom 110.1[76] 2014
16   Uzbekistan 82 2014
17   Austria 74 2014
18   Sweden 65 [77] 2015
19   France 63 2011
20   Colombia 59 2014
21   Czech Republic 57 2014
22   Latvia 57 2014
23    Switzerland 50[1] 2014
24   Lithuania 49 2014
25   Romania 44 2014
25   Netherlands 42.6[78] 2021
26   South Korea 40 2013
27   Italy 38 2014
28   Finland 37 2014
29   Belgium 37 2009
30   Slovakia 36 2014
31   Morocco 37 2011
32   Iran 33 2013
33   Japan 31 2010
34   Turkmenistan 27 2012
35   Turkey 26 2014
36   Estonia 26 2012
37   Spain 25 2014
38   Chile 25 2013
39   Argentina 24 2010
40   Azerbaijan 23 2012
41   Georgia 20 1917
42   Indonesia 20 2010
43   Mongolia 18 2011
44   Slovenia 17 2014
45   Bosnia and Herzegovina 13 2014
46   Malaysia 12 2011
47   Bulgaria 12 2014
48   Taiwan 11 2012
49   Thailand 11 2011
50   Croatia 10 2014
51   Tunisia 10 2012

Freight modal share for rail

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The modal share carried by rail of all freight in a given country.

Rank Country Modal share (%) Data year
1   Canada 68[79] 2009
2   Latvia 61[80] 2012
3   Australia 60[81] 2016
4   Russia 59[79] 2010
5   Estonia 47[80] 2012
6    Switzerland 46[82] 2012
7   United States 44[79] 2008
8   Austria 41[80] 2012
9   Sweden 40[80] 2012
10   Lithuania 38[80] 2012
11   India 33[83] 2016
12   Finland 27[80] 2012
13   Brazil 27[84] 2024
14   Romania 24[80] 2012
15   Germany 23[80] 2012
16   Czech Republic 22[80] 2012
17   Hungary 21[80] 2012
18   Slovakia 20[80] 2012
19   Poland 18[80] 2012
20   Belgium 18[80] 2012
21   China 15[85] 2019
22   France 15[80] 2012
23   Italy 14[80] 2012
24   United Kingdom 12[80] 2012
25   Bulgaria 9[80] 2012
26   Japan 6.2[79] 2010
27   Netherlands 5[80] -
28   Ireland 0.7[86] 2007

Freight rail by tonne-kilometres per capita

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Rank Country Tonne-kilometre per capita Data year
1   Russia 12,599
2   Canada 10,517
3   United States 9,165
4   Australia 2,308
5   China 2,150 2019
6   Brazil 1,861 2023
7    Switzerland 1,480[82][87] 2013
8   Germany 1,060
    European Union 782

Brief railway statistics by country

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Country Area
(million km2)
Pop.
(million)
Rail
company
Net Double track Electrified HSR Passenger-km
(billion)
Freight
tonne-km
(billion)
HS‑Vol
(pass. km)
Pass. Freight Pass/ pop % Elec %
(thousands of km) (modal %)
  Austria 0.08 8.57 ÖBB 9.8[88] 4.9[88] 3.5[88] 0.28 11.2[88] 32.9[88] 12.1[89] 41[80] 71.9[90]
  Brazil 8.54 209 29 0.5 232
  China 9.6 1,397[91] CR 141[2] 83 100 36 1470 3018 200 41.6 31 71.9
  Egypt 1 93 ENR 5 1.5 0.07 41 4 6.1
  France 0.55 68 SNCF 29 16 14 1.8 81 40 48 16.8 58.2[90]
  Germany 0.36 80.68 DB 34 18 20 1.2 74 91 22 10 17 22.4 60
  India 3.28 1,326 IR 67.3 17.4 52.3 696 481 5.5 82
  Iran 1.6 80.04 RAJA 7 1 0.15 0.25 13 21 0 4 7 0.3 1
  Italy 0.3 59 FS 16 7 12 0.82 45 21 9 71.6[90]
  Japan 0.38 126 JR 20 8 12 2.5 253 23 79 29 69.6 100
  Kazakhstan 2.72 17 KTZ 14 5 4 14 191
  Morocco 0.44 34 ONCFM 2 0.6 1 4 6 0.8 89
  Netherlands 0.04 17 NS 3.2 2.0 2.3 0.1 17.8 6 8.8 5 70.7[90]
  Pakistan 0.796 192 PR 7 0.3 26 6
  Poland 0.31 38 PKP 19 9 12 63.7[90]
  Russia 17.09 143 RZD 128 36 48 1.3 173 2090 14 42 67 9.1 80
  Slovakia 0.049 5.45 ŽSR 3.627[92] 1.587[92] 0 3.815[93] 6.729[93] 0
  South Africa 1.22 54 SAR 24 2 8 14 109 11
  South Korea 0.1 50 KNR 3 1 2 0.32 32 11 10 20.4 20
  Spain 0.51 46 Renfe 15 5 9 3.7 21 11 4 63.8[90]
   Switzerland 0.041 8.38 SBB 4 2 3 15 13 40.9 100[90]
  Taiwan 0.036 23 TRA 1 0.67 0.69 0.33 9 1
  Turkey 0.78 79 TCDD 9 04 1.9 0.25 6 10 47[90]
  United Kingdom 0.24 65 NR 16 5 0.3 48 21 65
  United States 9.6 324 AMTK 227 2820 42 1
 World 149 7,432 900 250 240 35.44 2468 9486 178 10 20 50

See also

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References

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