Laccaria is a genus around 75 species of fungus found in both temperate and tropical regions of the world.[1][2] They are mycorrhizal. The type species is Laccaria laccata, commonly known as the deceiver. Other notable species include L. bicolor, and the amethyst deceiver (L. amethystina), sometimes incorrectly written as L. amethystea. Because some Laccaria species have the ability to grow vegetatively and/or germinate from basidiospores in culture, they are often used as experimental systems for studies of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes.[3] They have a tetrapolar mating system, meaning that there the mating type is controlled by 2 loci. Recently, the genome of L. bicolor has been sequenced.[4]

Laccaria
Laccaria squarrosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Hydnangiaceae
Genus: Laccaria
Berk. & Broome (1883)
Type species
Laccaria laccata
(Scop.) Cooke (1884)
Species

See text

Description

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Laccaria typically have thick, widely spaced, purple to flesh-colored gills that are adnate to slightly decurrent in attachment. The spores are white and ornamented in most species.[5]

Species

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The following is an list of Laccaria species reported in the literature:


Image Name Year Distribution
Laccaria acanthospora A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
Laccaria alba Zhu L. Yang & Lan Wang 2004
  Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis G.M. Muell. 1984 western North America
  Laccaria amethystina Cooke 1884 Euroe, Asia, Central and South America, eastern North America
Laccaria angustilamella Zhu L. Yang & L. Wang 2004
Laccaria araneosa H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim 2018
Laccaria aurantia Popa, Rexer, Donges, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost 2014 China[6]
Laccaria avachaensis Kalamees 1993
Laccaria bella (Pers.) Cooke 1884
  Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton 1960 North America
Laccaria bisporigera Contu & Ballero 1993
Laccaria bullipellis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
Laccaria bullulifera Singer 1965
Laccaria caerulacea Dhanch., J.C. Bhatt & S.K. Pant 1991
Laccaria calosperma Beeli 1933
Laccaria calospora Singer 1973
Laccaria canaliculata (Sacc.) Massee 1899
Laccaria chibinensis Mikhailovskii 1974 Russia
Laccaria cyanolamellata B.E. Lechner & J.E. Wright 2006
Laccaria echinospora (Speg.) Singer 1943
Laccaria edulis Bouriquet 1946
Laccaria fengkaiensis Fang Li 2020
  Laccaria fibrillosa McNabb 1972
Laccaria flavobrunnea Lebedeva 1949
  Laccaria fraterna (Sacc.) Pegler 1965
Laccaria fulvogrisea Popa, Rexer & G. Kost 2014 China[6]
Laccaria galerinoides Singer 1965
Laccaria gibba (Singer) Pázmány 1994
  Laccaria glabripes McNabb 1972
Laccaria globosa Gardezi 2005
Laccaria gomezii Singer & G.M. Muell. 1988
Laccaria goossensiae (Beeli) Contu 2003
Laccaria griseolilacina H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim 2020
Laccaria halosperma Beeli 1933
Laccaria himalayensis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini 2019
Laccaria japonica Popa & K. Nara 2017 Japan[7]
  Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke 1884
  Laccaria lateritia Malençon 1966
Laccaria lilacina G. Stev. 1964
  Laccaria longipes G.M. Muell. 1991
Laccaria lutea (J.C. Buxb.) Ballero & Contu 1989
Laccaria macrobasidia H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim 2020
Laccaria macrocystidiata (Migl. & Lavorato) Pázmány 1994
  Laccaria maritima (Theodor.) Singer ex Huhtinen 1987
  Laccaria masoniae G. Stev. 1964
Laccaria montana Singer 1973
Laccaria moshuijun Popa & Zhu Liang Yang 2017 China[7]
Laccaria murina S. Imai 1938
Laccaria negrimarginata A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
Laccaria nigra Hongo 1959
  Laccaria nobilis A.H. Sm. 1984
Laccaria oblongospora G.M. Muell. 1984
  Laccaria ochropurpurea (Berk.) Peck 1897
Laccaria ochrosquamulosa (Ballero & Contu) Pázmány 1994
Laccaria ohiensis (Mont.) Singer 1947
Laccaria olivaceogrisea Vellinga 1987
  Laccaria paraphysata (McNabb) J.A. Cooper 2014
Laccaria parva H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim 2018
Laccaria prava Fang Li 2020
Laccaria proxima (Boud.) Pat. 1887
  Laccaria proximella Singer 1965
Laccaria pruinosipes (Vellinga) Pázmány 1994
Laccaria pseudomontana Osmundson, C.L. Cripps & G.M. Muell. 2006
  Laccaria pumila Fayod 1893
  Laccaria purpureobadia D.A. Reid 1966
Laccaria roseoalbescens T.J. Baroni, Montoya & Bandala 2015
Laccaria rubroalba X. Luo, L. Ye, P.E. Mortimer & K.D. Hyde 2016
Laccaria salmonicolor A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
Laccaria singeri Locq. & Sarwal 1983
Laccaria spodophora (Berk. & Broome) Cooke 1884
Laccaria squarrosa Bandala, Montoya & A. Ramos 2017
Laccaria stellata Popa & S.Y. Castillo 2016
Laccaria striatula (Peck) Peck 1912
  Laccaria tetraspora Singer 1947
Laccaria torosa H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim 2018
  Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke 1884
Laccaria transilvanica Pázmány 1991
Laccaria trichodermophora G.M. Muell. 1984
  Laccaria trullisata (Ellis) Peck 1912
Laccaria versiforma H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim 2018
Laccaria versiformis H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim 2018
  Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo 1971
  Laccaria vinaceobrunnea G.M. Muell. 1984
Laccaria vinaceorosea Contu 1998
Laccaria vinosofusca (Berk. & Broome) Cooke 1884
Laccaria violaceibasis Contu & Fern. Sas. 2003
  Laccaria violaceonigra G. Stev. 1964
Laccaria violaceotincta K.P.D. Latha, K.N.A. Raj & Manim. 2019
Laccaria vulcanica (Singer ex Singer & J. Veselský) Pázmány 1994
Laccaria yunnanensis Popa, Rexer, Donges, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost 2014 China[6]

References

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  1. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. ^ Mueller GM. (1985). Numerical taxonomic analyses on Laccaria (Agaricales). Mycologia 77: 121-129.
  3. ^ Podila GK, Zheng J, Balasubramanian S, Sundaram S, Hiremath S, Brand JH, Hymes MJ. (2002). Fungal gene expression in early symbiotic interactions between Laccaria bicolor and red pine. Plant and Soil 244: 117–128.
  4. ^ Martin F, Selosse MA. (2008). The Laccaria genome: a symbiont blueprint decoded. New Phytologist 180(2):296-310.
  5. ^ Orr, Dorothy B.; Orr, Robert Thomas (1980). Mushrooms of Western North America (California Natural History Guides). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03660-3.
  6. ^ a b c Popa F, Rexer K-H, Donges K, Yang ZL, Kost G (2014). "Three new Laccaria species from Southwest China (Yunnan)". Mycological Progress. 13 (4): 1105–1117. Bibcode:2014MycPr..13..998P. doi:10.1007/s11557-014-0998-7. S2CID 18566097.
  7. ^ a b Vincenot L, Popa F, Laso F, et al. (2017). "Out of Asia: Biogeography of fungal populations reveals Asian origin of diversification of the Laccaria amethystina complex, and two new species of violet Laccaria". Fungal Biology. 121 (11): 939–955. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.08.001. PMID 29029701.
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