Jiajing (Chinese: 嘉靖; pinyin: Jiājìng; Wade–Giles: Chia-ching; lit. 'admirable tranquility'; 28 January 1522 – 8 February 1567) was the era name (nianhao) of the Jiajing Emperor, the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty. The Jiajing era lasted for 45 years, making it the second-longest era of the Ming. The era name "Jiajing" comes from the phrase "嘉靖殷邦" (jiajing yin bang; translated by James Legge, 1879: ..., but admirably and tranquilly presided over the regions of Yin, ...) in the chapter of Wuyi (, Against Luxurious Ease) in the Book of Documents. When the Jiajing Emperor ascended the throne, the Cabinet's candidate era names were the first "Mingliang" (明良; meaning 'a wise emperor and virtuous officials'), followed by "Shaozhi" (紹治; meaning 'inheriting the Hongzhi Restoration'), and the third "Jiajing".[1]
On 4 February 1567 (Jiajing 45, 14th day of the 12th month), the Longqing Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use the Jiajing era name. The following year, the era was changed to Longqing.[2]
Comparison table
edit| Jiajing | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | 1522 | 1523 | 1524 | 1525 | 1526 | 1527 | 1528 | 1529 | 1530 | 1531 |
| Sexagenary cycle | Rénwǔ (壬午) | Guǐwèi (癸未) | Jiǎshēn (甲申) | Yǐyǒu (乙酉) | Bǐngxū (丙戌) | Dīnghài (丁亥) | Wùzǐ (戊子) | Jǐchǒu (己丑) | Gēngyín (庚寅) | Xīnmǎo (辛卯) |
| Jiajing | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | 1532 | 1533 | 1534 | 1535 | 1536 | 1537 | 1538 | 1539 | 1540 | 1541 |
| Sexagenary cycle | Rénchén (壬辰) | Guǐsì (癸巳) | Jiǎwǔ (甲午) | Yǐwèi (乙未) | Bǐngshēn (丙申) | Dīngyǒu (丁酉) | Wùxū (戊戌) | Jǐhài (己亥) | Gēngzǐ (庚子) | Xīnchǒu (辛丑) |
| Jiajing | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| AD | 1542 | 1543 | 1544 | 1545 | 1546 | 1547 | 1548 | 1549 | 1550 | 1551 |
| Sexagenary cycle | Rényín (壬寅) | Guǐmǎo (癸卯) | Jiǎchén (甲辰) | Yǐsì (乙巳) | Bǐngwǔ (丙午) | Dīngwèi (丁未) | Wùshēn (戊申) | Jǐyǒu (己酉) | Gēngxū (庚戌) | Xīnhài (辛亥) |
| Jiajing | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
| AD | 1552 | 1553 | 1554 | 1555 | 1556 | 1557 | 1558 | 1559 | 1560 | 1561 |
| Sexagenary cycle | Rénzǐ (壬子) | Guǐchǒu (癸丑) | Jiǎyín (甲寅) | Yǐmǎo (乙卯) | Bǐngchén (丙辰) | Dīngsì (丁巳) | Wùwǔ (戊午) | Jǐwèi (己未) | Gēngshēn (庚申) | Xīnyǒu (辛酉) |
| Jiajing | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | |||||
| AD | 1562 | 1563 | 1564 | 1565 | 1566 | |||||
| Sexagenary cycle | Rénxū (壬戌) | Guǐhài (癸亥) | Jiǎzǐ (甲子) | Yǐchǒu (乙丑) | Bǐngyín (丙寅) |
Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period
edit- China
- Tianyuan (天淵, 1546): Ming period—era name of Tian Bin (田斌), leader of the Wenshang uprising in Shandong
- Zaoli (造歷) or Longfei (龍飛) (1560–1562): Ming period—era name of Zhang Lian (張璉), leader of the peasant revolt in Guangdong
- Dabao (大寶, 1565): Ming period—era name of Cai Boguan (蔡伯貫), leader of the peasant revolt in Sichuan
- Vietnam
- Quang Thiệu (光紹, 1516–1522): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Chiêu Tông
- Thống Nguyên (統元, 1522–1526): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Cung Hoàng
- Nguyên Hòa (元和, 1533–1548): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Trang Tông
- Quang Chiếu (光照, 1533–1536): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Hiến, Prince Đại (代王 黎憲)
- Thuận Bình (順平, 1548–1556): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Trung Tông
- Thiên Hựu (天祐, 1557): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Anh Tông
- Chính Trị (正治, 1558–1571): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Anh Tông
- Minh Đức (明德, 1527–1529): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Đăng Dung
- Đại Chính (大正, 1530–1540): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Thái Tông
- Quảng Hòa (廣和, 1541–1546): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Hiến Tông
- Vĩnh Định (永定, 1547): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
- Cảnh Lịch (景歷, 1548–1555): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
- Quang Bảo (光寶, 1555–1564): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
- Thuần Phúc (淳福, 1565–1568): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Sùng Khang (崇康, 1568–1578): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Japan
- Daiei (大永, 1521–1528): era name of Emperor Go-Kashiwabara and Emperor Go-Nara
- Kyōroku (享禄, 1528–1532): era name of Emperor Go-Nara
- Tenbun (天文, 1532–1555): era name of Emperor Go-Nara
- Kōji (弘治, 1555–1558): era name of Emperor Go-Nara and Emperor Ōgimachi
- Eiroku (永禄, 1558–1570): era name of Emperor Ōgimachi
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Jiang Yikui (蒋一葵). [Yao shan tang wai ji, Su Huangdi] (in Chinese) – via Wikisource. 肅皇帝入繼紀元，內閣初擬明良，次嘉靖，次紹治，上時用嘉靖云。
- ^ History of Ming, Volume 19:〔嘉靖〕四十五年十二月庚子，世宗崩。壬子，即皇帝位。以明年為隆慶元年，大赦天下。
Bibliography
edit- Li Chongzhi (李崇智) (December 2004). Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao 中國歷代年號考 (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. ISBN 7101025129.
- Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波) [in Chinese] (March 2005). 東亞歷史年表 [Chronology of East Asian History] (in Chinese). Taipei: National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures. ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2021.