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The Indian Ocean Commission (French: Commission de l'Océan Indien, COI) is an intergovernmental organisation that links African Indian Ocean nations: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion (an overseas region of France), and Seychelles.[1] There are also seven observers: China, the European Union, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie,[2][3] the Sovereign Order of Malta,[4] India, Japan and the United Nations.
Commission de l'Océan Indien | |
 | |
 Map of members (including mainland France) | |
| Abbreviation | IOC |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1982 |
| Founded at | Port Louis, Mauritius |
| Type | Intergovernmental organisation |
| Headquarters | Ebene, Mauritius |
| Membership |  Comoros Madagascar Mauritius Réunion (France) Seychelles |
Official language | French |
Secretary General | Edgard Razafindravahy |
| Website | commissionoceanindien.org |
The IOC was created in 1982 in Port-Louis, Mauritius, and institutionalised in 1984 by the Victoria Agreement (Seychelles).[1] The organisation coordinates cooperative efforts amongst its member and observer nations which primarily focus on environmental management and preservation. Some of the more specific areas of focus in its past projects include maritime concerns and fisheries, the needs of growing island states, adapting to climate change outcomes, food security and public health.
Historical background
editThe IOC was created in 1982 in Port Louis, by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Mauritius, Madagascar and Seychelles.[5][6]
In 1984, the General Cooperation Agreement signed in Victoria (Seychelles) institutionalised the organization.
In 1986, Comoros and France (Réunion Island), joined the organisation.[6]
In 1989, the IOC was provided with a General Secretariat. The headquarters of the IOC is located in Mauritius.
Development
editSince the early 1990s, the IOC has been implementing cooperation projects in environmental management and preservation with the support of the European Union and French cooperation. Over the course of these projects, the IOC has acquired recognised expertise in the management of marine and coastal environments, fisheries and the preservation of biodiversity.
At the beginning of the 2000s, the IOC constantly advocated the specific needs of developing islands, particularly in conferences organised by the United Nations.
In September 2005, the IOC requested observer status at the UN General Assembly.
In 2016, the People's Republic of China becomes the first observer member of the organisation. It is followed in 2017 by the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the Sovereign Order of Malta and the European Union.
In 2018, the IOC assumes the chairmanship of the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) for a period of two years. In 2020, Kenya takes over the chairmanship. However, the IOC continues to serve as the secretariat of the CGPCS.
In 2019, at a ministerial retreat in Moroni (Comoros), the Moroni Declaration on the Future of the IOC is adopted. This text deals with the modernisation of the IOC.
During the 34th Council of Ministers of 6 March 2020 in Seychelles, the Victoria Agreement, the founding text of the IOC, is revised.
In 2020, India, Japan and the United Nations become observer members.
The IOC's project portfolio has expanded considerably: political stability, public health, gender, mobility, entrepreneurship, infrastructure, regional connectivity (digital, air, maritime), trade negotiations, maritime security, food security and agricultural development, fisheries and fisheries surveillance, climate change mitigation, sustainable coastal zone management, waste management, use of earth observation technologies for environmental monitoring, renewable energy, culture, etc.
The IOC has a dozen technical and financial partners, among which the European Union and the French Development Agency.
In May 2023, Mauritius assumed the presidency of the Council of Ministers.[7]
Members
editMember states
edit| States | Year |
|---|---|
| Comoros | 1986 |
| France (Réunion) | 1986 |
| Madagascar | 1982 |
| Mauritius | 1982 |
| Seychelles | 1982 |
Observing members
edit| Members | Joining year |
|---|---|
| People's Republic of China | 2016 |
| Order of Malta | 2017 |
| Organisation internationale de la Francophonie | 2017 |
| European Union | 2017 |
| India | 2020 |
| Japan | 2020 |
| United Nations | 2020 |
Administration
editThe IOC is at the service of its Member States.
Bodies
editThe Council of Ministers (composed of the foreign ministers of the member countries) provides the strategic and political direction of the IOC. It is the supreme decision-making body of the organisation. The chairmanship of the IOC Council of Ministers is annual and rotating (in alphabetical order of member countries).
The Committee of Permanent Liaison Officers (composed of senior officials from member states) is responsible for monitoring the implementation of these decisions.
The General Secretariat, based in Ebene, Mauritius, is responsible for implementing the decisions of the decision-making bodies. It develops and manages cooperation projects. It is responsible for mobilizing resources from the donor community.
The revised Victoria Agreement (2020) makes the Summit of Heads of State and Government a statutory body of the organisation. The IOC Summit will now be held every five years to set the strategic and political direction of the organisation.
Secretaries-general
edit| Secretary-general | Image | Member state | Start of mandate | End of mandate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henri Rasolondraibe | Madagascar | 5 June 1989 | 5 July 1993 | |
| Jérémie Bonnelame | Seychelles | 5 July 1993 | 5 July 1997 | |
| Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed | Comoros | 5 July 1997 | 12 July 2001 | |
| Wilfrid Bertile | Réunion (France) | 12 July 2001 | 5 July 2004 | |
| Monique Andréas Esoavelomandroso | Madagascar | 5 July 2004 | 15 July 2008 | |
| Callixte d'Offay | Seychelles | 15 July 2008 | 12 July 2012 | |
| Jean Claude de l'Estrac | Mauritius | 12 July 2012 | 13 July 2016 | |
| Hamadi Madi Boléro | Comoros | 13 July 2016 | 16 July 2020 | |
| Vêlayoudom Marimoutou | Réunion (France) | 16 July 2020 | 15 July 2024 | |
| Edgard Razafindravahy | Madagascar | 16 July 2024[8] | — |
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Objectives and areas of intervention
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2024) |
As an intergovernmental organisation of cooperation, the Indian Ocean Commission promotes peace and stability, maritime security, food security, environmental conservation, fisheries, climate change adaptation, the interests of island developing states, public health and cultural expression.
Its action is thus in line with the international frameworks to which its member states are signatories, such as the Global Agenda for Sustainable Development to 2030 and the Global Climate Agreement, among others.
In 2018 the IOC launched its Information Fusion Centre for the Indian Ocean region (IFC-IOR) in Madagascar, and the Seychelles Regional Centre for Operational Coordination (RCOC) to conduct joint operations as the executive arm of the Maritime Security Architecture (MSA) of the Western Indian Ocean.[9] In September 2022, IFC-IOR and RCOC conducted their first joint operations with EUNAVFOR.[10]
In 2020, the IOC is implementing 14 cooperation projects. Over the period 2020–2025, it will manage a total project budget of approximately 130 million euros.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "IOC and the EU". European External Action Service. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ Bagchi, Indrani (6 March 2020). "India accepted as observer in Indian Ocean Commision [sic]". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ "Membres observateurs de la COI" (in French). Commission de l'océan Indien. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ "The Sovereign Order of Malta signs Cooperation Agreement with the Indian Ocean Commission". Sovereign Order of Malta. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ Svicevic, Marko (2021). "10". Compendium of documents relating to regional and sub-regional peace and security in Africa (2 ed.). Pretoria University Law Press. p. 739.
- ^ a b McDougall, Derek (1994). "The Indian Ocean commission: Regional cooperation in the South-West Indian ocean". The Round Table. 83 (332): 455–467. doi:10.1080/00358539408454228. ISSN 0035-8533.
- ^ jev-mm. "Nos instances". Commission de l'océan Indien (in French). Retrieved 12 April 2024.
- ^ "Edgard Razafindravahy devient Secrétaire général de la COI". Commission de l'océan Indien (in French). 16 July 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
- ^ "Re-Imagining Africa's Agency in Global Maritime Security". maritime-executive.com. The Maritime Executive. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ "EUNAVFOR CONDUCTS ITS FIRST COMBINED MARITIME SURVEILLANCE OPERATION WITH RMIFC AND RCOC". eunavfor.eu. EUNAVFOR. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
External links
edit- Official website
- World Bank Regional Institutions
- "Indian Ocean Commission". Delegation of the European Union to Mauritius, to the Union of the Comoros and to the Republic of Seychelles. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016.