Human hunting refers to humans being hunted and killed for other persons' revenge, pleasure, entertainment, sports, or sustenance.[citation needed] Historically, incidents of the practice have occurred during times of social upheaval.[1]

Historical examples

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  • In Ancient Greece, the upper class of Sparta regularly practised the stalking and killing of members of their servile helot population; such murders were carried out both by the secret police (Crypteia) as a means of keeping the helots cowed and unlikely to revolt, and as part of the military training (agoge) for Spartan youths.
  • In Europe, authorities sometimes hunted down adherents of "heretical" religious minorities, such as the Waldenses in the Alps[2] the Cathars in the Languedoc,[3] Anabaptists in Germany,[4] and the Huguenots in France.[5]
  • In Holland, The heathen hunts, also known as "heidenjachten," were a practice during the 18th century that involved hunting and persecuting the Romani People. [6]
  • The Mexican government, particularly the states of Sonora and Chihuahua, introduced a bounty system in 1836, offering rewards for Apache scalp. The bounty for an Apache male scalp was 100 pesos, while for an adult female Apache, it was 50 pesos, and for a child under 14, it was 25 pesos.
  • During the California genocide of 1846 to 1873, indigenous people were hunted down and killed for bounties.
  • During the Selk'nam genocide, Livestock companies use employees and third party hunters to hunt down the Selk'nam to make way for estancias (large ranches).
  • During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, the killing practice became popular[7] among the sons of wealthy landowners. The hunts took place on horseback and targeted landless peasants as an extension of the White Terror. They were jokingly referred to as "reforma agraria" referencing the mass grave the victims would be dumped into and the land reforms the lower classes had been attempting to attain.[8][7]
  • Between 1971 and 1983, serial killer Robert Hansen flew many of his victims into the Alaskan wilderness, then released them so that he could "hunt" the women with a rifle and a knife.

Other examples

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  • Some accounts of early human violence associate the development of warfare – aggression against humans – with the practice of hunting game.[9][10]
  • In 2016, Daniel Wright, senior lecturer in tourism at the University of Central Lancashire, wrote a paper on the possible future of tourism where he discussed how the hunting of the poor ("hunting humans") could become a hobby of the super-rich in a future plagued by economic turmoils, ecological disasters, and global overpopulation.[11]

In fiction

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The topic of hunting humans has been the subject of several works of fiction.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ For example: Hochschild, Adam (2016). Spain in Our Hearts. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 37. ISBN 978-0547973180. 'Sons of landowners,' writes the historian Antony Beevor, 'organized peasant hunts on horseback. [...]'
  2. ^ Tice, Paul (2003) [1829]. History of the Waldenses: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time (reprint ed.). San Diego, California: The Book Tree. p. xii. ISBN 978-1585090990. Retrieved 21 November 2022. In 1233 the Inquisition was officially unleashed on the Waldenses, and the assault continued for centuries. [...] the Church hunted Waldensians as a group and individually.
  3. ^ Barber, Malcolm (17 June 2014) [2000]. The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages. The Medieval World. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1317890386. Retrieved 21 November 2022. If the Cathars could be deprived of their customary refuges, they would be vulnerable to an active policy of heresy hunting. 'We will purge', promised Count Raymond,'these lands of heretics and of the stench of heresy [...].'
  4. ^ Van Amberg, Joel (2011). A Real Presence: Religious and Social Dynamics of the Eucharistic Conflicts in Early Modern Augsburg 1520–1530. Studies in the History of Christian Traditions, Volume 158. Leiden: Brill. p. 188. ISBN 978-9004217393. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  5. ^ Beard, Augustus F. (1884). "Churches of the Huguenots and the religious condition of France". In Smyth, Egbert Coffin (ed.). The Andover review. Vol. 1. Newton, Massachusetts: Andover Theological Seminary. p. 64. Retrieved 21 November 2022. The army, as if led by the Furies, was employed for years in hunting Huguenots. The history reads as if diabolism were let loose.
  6. ^ MacLaughlin, Jim (2008). ""The Gypsy as 'other'in European society: Towards a political geography of hate". The European Legacy. 4 (3): 35–49. doi:10.1080/10848779908579970.
  7. ^ a b Hochschild, Adam (2016). Spain in Our Hearts. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 37. ISBN 978-0547973180.
  8. ^ Beevor, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin. p. 77. ISBN 978-0143037651. This sort of activity was jokingly referred to as the 'reforma agraria' whereby the landless bracero was finally to get a piece of ground for himself.
  9. ^ Mendoza, Abraham O. (2011). "War and Diplomacy: Introduction: Conflict and Aggression in Early Human Societies". In Andrea, Alfred J.; Neel, Carolyn (eds.). World History Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 256–257. ISBN 9781-851099290. Retrieved 21 November 2022. Scholars who subscribe to sociobiological explanations for violence and conflict in early human societies [...] argue that biological drives predetermine human behavior. Though initially displaying such behaviors when hunting game and developing tools for such activities, hunter-gatherers eventually used their developing aggressive techniques against each other [...].
  10. ^ Otterbein, Keith F. (24 March 2009). "The Evolution of War". The Anthropology of War. Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1478609889. Retrieved 21 November 2022. Warfare developed along two separate paths. The hunting of large game animals was critical to the development of the first path. Early hunters, working as a group in pursuit of game, sometimes engaged in attacks on members of competing groups of hunters [...].
  11. ^ Wright, Daniel (April–May 2016). "Hunting humans: A future for tourism in 2200". Futures. 78–79: 34–46. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2016.03.021.
  12. ^ Dixon, Wheeler Winston (2010). A History of Horror. Rutgers University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0813550398.