The House of Gwynedd was a royal house during medieval Wales (c. 500 – 1500). The dynasty is seen as being divided between the founding of the kings settlement in Gwynedd during the Roman invasion of Britain and the subsequent kingdoms in Wales until after the Norman invasion of Wales and the subsequent incorporation of the separate kingdoms into the Principality of Wales.
| House of Gwynedd | |
|---|---|
 Traditional arms of Gwynedd | |
| Parent house | Cunedda |
| Country | Wales, Sub-Roman Britain |
| Founded |
|
| Founder |
|
| Titles |
|
| Estate(s) | Kingdom of Gwynedd |
| Deposition | 1283 |
| Cadet branches | House of Aberffraw House of Dinefwr |
The royal house is defined by the timeline of the Kings of Gwynedd as direct male line descendants of the founder of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, Cunedda Wledig c. 401, until the subsequent era of the founding of the palace (Welsh: Llys) at Aberffraw c. 873, after the male line expired in the 8th century, because Gwynedd was inherited by Merfyn Frych, a female line descendant of Gwynedd from the Isle of Man. The dynasty lasted until the conquest of Wales by Edward I in the 13th century, and the deposition of the direct line of kings in 1283, and then the senior line of male heirs in medieval Wales, up until the 15th century.
History
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The House of Gwynedd, divided between the earlier House of Cunedda, which lasted from c.401 to 825, was eventually replaced by the later House of Aberffraw, beginning in 844.[1] The first is so named after Cunedda (386-460), the founding King of Gwynedd in late Roman Britain; following the departure of Magnus Maximus in the 380s, and the second after Aberffraw, the old capital of the Kingdom of Gwynedd.[1][2]
This House was the first not being descended from the male line of Cunedda, as king Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog was the last in the direct male line. Through inheritances from the great uncle of Merfyn the Oppressor, the line of Cunedda continued from the maternal side through the House of Aberffraw, and through the House of Dinefwr through Rhodri's son, King Cadell ap Rhodri.[3][1][4][5][6]
The Senior line of the House of Aberffraw descended from Prince Llywelyn the Great in patrilineal succession and became extinct on the death of Owain Lawgoch in 1378, while the House of Dinefwr was succeeded by its cadet branch, the House of Mathrafal.[7][8]
Lineage
editThe House of Gwynedd claimed descent from the mythical king Beli Mawr through the line of Cunedda (b. 386), as appears in the Harleian genealogies and Jesus College MS 20 genealogies.[9][10][11]
The House of Aberffraw began with the accession of Rhodri Mawr to the throne of Gwynedd.[12] His father Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad had seized the throne of Gwynedd on the death of the last of the old royal line Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog, Merfyn was descended from Hywel's father, but through the female line, representing a new start for the family of his son, Rhodri, who settled Aberffraw on Anglesey.[12][13] He was his maternal grandnephew via the former king's niece Esyllt verch Cynan ap Rhodri Molwynog.
Beli Mawr descent
editThe descent of Beli Mawr, King of Britain and his wife, Anna the Prophetess, cousin of the Virgin Mary,[14][a] and father in law to Llŷr.
| Beli Mawr (120 – 80 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Afallach ap Beli Mawr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owain ab Afallach | Euddolen ab Afallach | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brychwain ab Owain | Eudos ab Euddolen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Difwng ap Brychwain | Eifudd ap Eudos | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peryf ap Difwng | Eudeyrn ab Eifudd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Onwedd (ap Peryf) ap Difwng | Euddigan ab Eudeyrn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amwerydd ab Onwedd | Rhydeyrn ab Euddigan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Afloyd (Amguoloyt) ab Amwerydd | Rhifedel ap Rhydeyrn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gwrddwfn ab Afloyd ab Amwerydd | Gradd ap Rhifedel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dwfn ap Gwrddwfn | Urban ap Gradd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gwrddoli ap Dwfn | Telpwyll ab Urban | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Doli ap Gwrddoli | Deheuwaint ap Telpwyll | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gwrgain ap Doli | Tegfan ap Deheuwaint | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cain ap Gwrgain | Coel Hen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tegid ap Cain | Gwawl ferch Coel Hen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Padarn Beisrudd | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Edern ap Padarn Beisrudd | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cunedda Wledig (c. 370 AD) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Family tree of the House of Gwynedd
editKey
edit- Bold for kings & princes e.g. Llywelyn the Great.
- Italics for royal house or family e.g. House of Tudor.
- 'Standard font' for members of a royal family, i.e. heirs, children and spouses of monarchs e.g. Ethyllt ferch Cynan.
| Cunedda Gwynedd | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceredig ap Cunedda Ceredigion c. 450–453 | Einion Yrth Gwynedd c. 470–480 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Usai ap Ceredig Ceredigion 453–490 | Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion Gwynedd 480–534 | Owain Ddantgwyn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Serwyl ap Usai Ceredigion 490–523 | Maelgwn Gwynedd Gwynedd 534–547 | Cuneglasus Rhos and Powys 517-550 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boddw ap Serwyl Ceredigion 523–560 | Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn Gwynedd 547–586 | Meig ap Cynlas | Einion ap Cynlas Rhos 540-c. 570 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arthfoddw ap Boddw Ceredigion 560–595 | Beli ap Rhun Gwynedd 586–599 | Cyngen ap Meig | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arthlwys ap Arthwfoddw Ceredigion 595–630 | Iago ap Beli Gwynedd 599–616 | Cadwallon Crisban ap Cyngen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cadfan ap Iago Gwynedd 616–625 | Idgwyn ap Cadwallon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clydog ap Arthlwys Ceredigion 630–665 | Cadwallon ap Cadfan Gwynedd 625–634 | Einion ap Idgwyn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seisyll ap Clydog Ceredigion 665–700 | Cadwaladr Gwynedd 655–682 | Rhufon ap Einion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arthwyr ap Seisyll Seisyllwg 700–735 | Idwal Iwrch Gwynedd 682–720 | Meirion ap Rhufon | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dyfnwal ap Arthwyr Seisyllwg 735–770 | Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal Gwynedd 720–754 | Caradog ap Meirion Gwynedd 754–798 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meurig ap Dyfnwal Seisyllwg 770–807 | Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri Gwynedd 798–816 | Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog Gwynedd 816–825 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ethyllt ferch Cynan | Gwriad ap Elidyr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gwgon ap Meurig Seisyllwg 808–872 | Merfyn Frych Gwynedd 825–844 | Nest ferch Cadell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Angharad ferch Meurig | Rhodri the Great b.820 Gwynedd 844–878 Powys 855–878 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anarawd ap Rhodri Gwynedd 878–916 | Tudwal Gloff | Merfyn ap Rhodri Powys 878–900 | Cadell ap Rhodri b.854 Seisyllwg 878–909 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Idwal Foel Gwynedd 916–942 | Alser ap Tudwal | Llywelyn ap Merfyn Powys 900–942 | Hywel Dda b.880 Dyfed 905–909 Deheubarth 909–950 Gwynedd 942–950 Powys 942–950 | Elen ferch Llywarch | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meurig ap Idwal | Iago ap Idwal Gwynedd 950–979 | Ieuaf ap Idwal Gwynedd 950–969 | Rhodri ap Hywel Deheubarth 950–953 | Owain ap Hywel Deheubarth 950–987 | Edwin ap Hywel Deheubarth 950–954 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Idwal ap Meurig | Hywel ap Ieuaf Gwynedd 979–985 | Cadwallon ab Ieuaf Gwynedd 985–986 | Einion ab Owain d.984 | Maredudd ab Owain Deheubarth 987–999 Gwynedd 986–999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gwynedd 1023–1039 | Cynan ap Hywel Gwynedd 999–1005 | Aeddan ap Blegywryd Gwynedd 1005–1018 | Edwin ab Einion Deheubarth 1005–1018 | Cadell ab Einion Deheubarth 1005–1018 | Cynfyn ap Gwerstan | Angharad ferch Maredudd | Llywelyn ap Seisyll Gwynedd 1018–1023 Deheubarth 1018–1023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cynan ab Iago 1014–1063 | Trahaearn ap Caradog Gwynedd 1075–1081 | Owain ab Edwin | Hywel ab Edwin Deheubarth 1033–1044 | Tewdwr ap Cadell | Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn 1020–1069 | Bleddyn ap Cynfyn Gwynedd 1063–1075 Powys 1063–1075 | Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Gwynedd 1039–1063 Powys 1039–1063 Deheubarth 1055–1063 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gruffudd ap Cynan b.1055 Gwynedd 1081–1137 | Angharad ferch Owain Deheubarth 1065-1162 | Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin Deheubarth 1063–1072 | Rhys ab Owain Deheubarth 1072–1078 | Rhys ap Tewdwr Deheubarth 1078–1093 | Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon | Iorwerth ap Bleddyn Powys 1075–1103 | Maredudd ap Bleddyn Powys 1116–1132 | Cadwgan ap Bleddyn Powys 1075–1111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd 1096–1172 | Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd 1097–1136 | Gruffydd ap Rhys Deheubarth 1116–1137 | Nest ferch Rhys 1085–1136 | Susanna ferch Gruffydd | Madog ap Maredudd Powys 1132–1160 | Gruffydd ap Maredudd | Lord of Nannau | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owain Gwynedd b.1100 Gwynedd 1137–1170 | Cadell ap Gruffydd Deheubarth 1143–1153 | Maredudd ap Gruffydd Deheubarth 1153–1155 | Anarawd ap Gruffydd Deheubarth 1137–1143 | Rhys ap Gruffydd b.1132 Deheubarth 1155–1197 | Gwenllian ferch Madog | Owain Cyfeiliog Powys Wenwynwyn 1160–1197 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd b.1120 Gwynedd 1170 | Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd Gwynedd 1170–1195 d. 1203 | Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd Gwynedd 1170–1173 | Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd | Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd 1135–1195 | Gwenllian ferch Rhys | Gruffydd ap Rhys II Deheubarth 1197–1201 | Rhys Gryg Deheubarth 1216–1234 | Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd | Gruffydd Maelor I Powys Fadog 1160–1191 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iorwerth Drwyndwn 1145–1174 | Marared ferch Madog | Gruffudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd 1150–1200 | Maredudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd 1150–1212 | Anwyl of Tywyn family & Wynn baronets descendants | Maelgwn ap Rhys Deheubarth 1201–1230 | Gwenllian ferch Rhys | Ednyfed Fychan 1170–1246 | Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor Powys Fadog 1191–1236 | Gwenwynwyn Powys Wenwynwyn 1197–1216 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tangwystl Goch | Llywelyn the Great b.1173 Gwynedd 1195–1240 Powys 1216–1240 | Joan Plantagenet, Lady of Wales | Llywelyn the Elder ap Maredudd | Goronwy ab Ednyfed 1205–1268 | Owain ap Gruffudd | Maredudd ap Rhys Grug d.1271 | Gruffydd II ap Madog Powys Fadog 1236–1269 | Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn Powys Wenwynwyn 1241–1287 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gruffudd ap Llywelyn 1200–1244 | Dafydd ap Llywelyn b.1215 Wales 1240–1246 | Angharad ferch Llywelyn | Maelgwn Fychan | Maredudd ap Llywelyn d. 1255 | Rhys ap Maredudd 1250–1292 | Lord of Powys | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Llywelyn ap Gruffudd b.1223 Wales 1246–1282 | Owain Goch ap Gruffudd d. 1282 Gwynedd 1246–1255 | Dafydd ap Gruffudd 1238–1283 | Rhodri ap Gruffudd 1230–1315 | Llywelyn ap Maredudd d.1263 | Tudur Hen d.1311 | Maredydd ab Owain | Elen ferch Maelgwn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catherine ferch Llywelyn | Llywelyn ap Dafydd 1267–1287 | Owain ap Dafydd 1265–1325 | Tomas ap Rhodri 1300–1363 | Madog ap Llywelyn claimant 1294–1295 | Goronwy ap Tudur Hen d.1331 | Owain ap Maredydd | Gruffudd Fychan I Powys Fadog 1277–1283 | Madog II ap Gruffydd Powys Fadog 1269–1277 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owain Lawgoch 1330–1378 | Llywelyn ab Owain | Madog Crypl 1275–1304 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eleanor Goch | Tomas ap Llewelyn | Gruffydd of Rhuddallt 1296–1343 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tudur ap Goronwy d.1367 | Marged ferch Tomos | Elen ferch Tomos | Gruffudd Fychan II d. 1369 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maredudd ap Tudur d.1406 | Owain Glyndŵr claimant 1400–1415 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owen Tudor 1400–1461 | Amongst others: Croft baronets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House of Tudor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c The Houses of Cunedda and Rhodri Mawr, Welsh Medieval Law: The Laws of Howell the Good (1909) by Hywel ap Cadell, translated by Arthur Wade Wade-Evans
- ^ Welsh Medieval Law: The Laws of Howell the Good (1909), Hywel ap Cadell, translated by Arthur Wade Wade-Evans
- ^ "MERFYN FRYCH (died 844), king of Gwynedd". biography.wales. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
- ^ "RHODRI MAWR ('the Great') (died 877), king of Gwynedd, Powys, and Deheubarth". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
- ^ Koch, John Thomas,"Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia", ABC-CLIO, 2006, p 945.
- ^ Davies, R. R., 'Native Wales, 1172–1240', The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063-1415, History of Wales (Oxford, 2000; online edn, Oxford Academic, 3 Oct. 2011), https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208785.003.0010, accessed 17 July 2023.
- ^ Davies, John (2007). A History of Wales. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-14-192633-9. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
The plot was carried out (by a Scot) in 1378, and Saint Leger on the banks of the Garonne (opposite Chateau Calon Segur - not a Welsh name, alas) became the burial place of the last of the senior male line of the house of Aberffraw. Following the extinction of that line,...
- ^ Davies, R. R., 'Native Wales, 1172–1240', The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063-1415, History of Wales (Oxford, 2000; online edn, Oxford Academic, 3 Oct. 2011), https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208785.003.0010, accessed 17 July 2023.
- ^ Nicholson, E. Williams B. (1908). "The Dynasty of Cunedag and the 'Harleian Genealogies'". London: Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion. pp. 63–67–105 (Beli "magnus").
- ^ Ben Guy (2020). "The Pedigrees of the Kings of Gwynedd". Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ "11 The Britons and the Northumbrians, 547-685:The Evidence, by T.M. Charles-Edwards, page 343-380, November 2012". Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ a b "RHODRI MAWR ('the Great') (died 877), king of Gwynedd, Powys, and Deheubarth". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
- ^ "MERFYN FRYCH (died 844), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
- ^ Bartrum, Peter Clement (1993). A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend Up to about A.D. 1000. National Library of Wales. ISBN 0907158730.
Notes
edit- ^ Bartrum 1993, Welsh classical dictionary book pages: 6, 8, 16, 42, 43, 75, 106, 153, 172, 173, 215, 224, 230, 237 253, 258, 292, 333, 349, 375, 377, 586, 590, 599, 618, 633, 649, 690, 696, 725