Hexanitroethane

Hexanitroethane
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Hexanitroethane
Identifiers
CAS Number	918-37-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	55174 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.011.857
EC Number	213-042-1;
PubChem CID	61232;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2061278 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C2N6O12/c9-3(10)1(4(11)12,5(13)14)2(6(15)16,7(17)18)8(19)20 Key: CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C2N6O12/c9-3(10)1(4(11)12,5(13)14)2(6(15)16,7(17)18)8(19)20 Key: CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYAX;
	SMILES C(C([N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-];
Properties
Chemical formula	C2N6O12
Molar mass	300.0544
Melting point	135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)
Related compounds
Related compounds	Nitroethane; Tetranitromethane; Trinitromethane; Hexanitrobenzene; Octanitrocubane
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Hexanitroethane (HNE) is an organic compound with chemical formula C₂N₆O₁₂ or (O₂N)₃C-C(NO₂)₃. It is a solid matter with a melting point of 135 °C.

Hexanitroethane is used in some pyrotechnic compositions as a nitrogen-rich oxidizer, e.g. in some decoy flare compositions and some propellants. Like hexanitrobenzene, HNE is investigated as a gas source for explosively pumped gas dynamic laser.

A composition of HNE as oxidizer with boron as fuel is being investigated as a new explosive.^[1]

Preparation

The first synthesis was described by Wilhelm Will in 1914, using the reaction between the potassium salt of tetranitroethane with nitric acid.^[2]

C₂(NO₂)₄K₂ + 4 HNO₃ → C₂(NO₂)₆ + 2 KNO₃ + 2 H₂O

A practicable method for industrial use starts with furfural,^[3] which first undergoes oxidative ring-opening by bromine to mucobromic acid.^[4] In the following step, mucobromic acid is reacted with potassium nitrite at just below room temperature to form the dipotassium salt of 2,3,3-trinitropropanal. The final product is obtained by nitration with nitric acid and sulfuric acid at −60 °C.

Properties

The thermal decomposition of hexanitroethane has been detected at 60 °C upwards in both the solid and solution phases.^[5] Above 140 °C, this can occur explosively.^[6] The decomposition is first order and is significantly faster in solution than in the solid. For the solid, the following reaction can be formulated:^[5]

C₂(NO₂)₆ → 3 NO₂ + NO + N₂O + 2 CO₂

For the decomposition in solution, tetranitroethylene is first formed and can be trapped and detected as a Diels–Alder adduct, for example with anthracene or cyclopentadiene.^[7]^[8]

References

^ Compatibility Testing of Hexanitroethane with Boron Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
^ Will, W. (1914). "Über das Hexanitro-äthan". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 47 (1): 961–965. doi:10.1002/cber.191404701154.
^ US 3101379, "Synthesis of hexanitroethane", issued 1961-01-04
^ Taylor, G. (2015). "MUCOBROMIC ACID". Organic Syntheses: 11–12. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.000.0011.
^ ^a ^b Marshall, Henry P.; Borgardt, Frank G.; Noble, Paul (1965). "Thermal Decomposition of Hexanitroethane 1a,b". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 69 (1): 25–29. doi:10.1021/j100885a007. ISSN 0022-3654.
^ Bretherick, L. (18 March 2017). Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical hazards. Urben, P. G. (8th ed.). Amsterdam. pp. 240–241. ISBN 978-0-08-101059-4. OCLC 982005430.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Griffin, T. Scott; Baum, Kurt (1980). "Tetranitroethylene. In situ formation and Diels-Alder reactions". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 45 (14): 2880–2883. doi:10.1021/jo01302a024. ISSN 0022-3263.
^ Tzeng, Dongjaw; Baum, Kurt (1983). "Reactions of hexanitroethane with alcohols". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 48 (26): 5384–5385. doi:10.1021/jo00174a053. ISSN 0022-3263.

External links

WebBook page for C2N6O12

[1] Compatibility Testing of Hexanitroethane with Boron Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

[2] Will, W. (1914). "Über das Hexanitro-äthan". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 47 (1): 961–965. doi:10.1002/cber.191404701154.

[3] US 3101379, "Synthesis of hexanitroethane", issued 1961-01-04

[4] Taylor, G. (2015). "MUCOBROMIC ACID". Organic Syntheses: 11–12. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.000.0011.

[Marshall-5] Marshall, Henry P.; Borgardt, Frank G.; Noble, Paul (1965). "Thermal Decomposition of Hexanitroethane 1a,b". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 69 (1): 25–29. doi:10.1021/j100885a007. ISSN 0022-3654.

[6] Bretherick, L. (18 March 2017). Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical hazards. Urben, P. G. (8th ed.). Amsterdam. pp. 240–241. ISBN 978-0-08-101059-4. OCLC 982005430.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[7] Griffin, T. Scott; Baum, Kurt (1980). "Tetranitroethylene. In situ formation and Diels-Alder reactions". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 45 (14): 2880–2883. doi:10.1021/jo01302a024. ISSN 0022-3263.

[8] Tzeng, Dongjaw; Baum, Kurt (1983). "Reactions of hexanitroethane with alcohols". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 48 (26): 5384–5385. doi:10.1021/jo00174a053. ISSN 0022-3263.

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