The Hackensack Drawbridge (also known as the HD Draw)[1] was a double-track railroad movable bridge across the mouth of the Hackensack River between Jersey City and Kearny, New Jersey.[1][2] It was operational until 1946, when a steamship crashed into it.[3]
Hackensack Drawbridge | |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 40°43′7.35″N 74°6′14.35″W / 40.7187083°N 74.1039861°W |
| Carried | Newark and New York Railroad |
| Crossed | Hackensack River |
| Locale | Jersey City and Kearny |
| Other name(s) | HD Draw |
| Owner | Central Railroad of New Jersey |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | swing bridge |
| Material | Steel |
| Height | 75 feet (23 m) |
| History | |
| Opened | 1869 |
| Collapsed | 1946 |
| Location | |
 | |
Built and maintained by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ),[4] the bridge was part of the Newark and New York Railroad, a rail line characterized as the "costliest railroad" by W. H. Schmidt Jr., a columnist for Trains.[5] Opened on July 23, 1869, the line was routed between terminals at Newark and Jersey City, where passengers could transfer to ferries to New York.[6] It also crossed the Passaic River and the Kearny Point peninsula. Freight cars regularly traversed the bridge to deliver to various industries in Harrison.[7]
Description
editFrom the west side of the rail via tunnel, four tracks converged into three, and then into two tracks to pass over the Hackensack Drawbridge.[7] By 1913 the rail line, including the bridges across the rivers, was raised about 30 feet (9.1 m) to avoid conflicts with maritime traffic in the newly developing port[8] The draw span of the PD Draw over the Passaic had been relocated 185 feet (56 m) upstream to create another bridge on a new alignment in 1912.[9] By 1922, plans were made to improve the drawbridge's railway signal layout, increasing the number of interlocking levers, ground signals and bridge signals.[10] The drawbridge tower employed three levermen.[11]
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In 1897, a train carrying nearly 200 people derailed while crossing the bridge; there were no injuries.[12] In 1940, the Port of New York Authority (now Port Authority of New York and New Jersey) cited the bridge as a navigational menace and called for its replacement.[2] With war impending, the War Department in 1941 asked CNJ to replace the swing bridge with a vertical lift to afford better access to the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company on Kearny Point. Plans were made, but the shortage of steel prevented the project from being constructed.[13]
Steamship collision
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On February 3, 1946, SS Jagger Seam, a collier, crashed into the drawbridge, shearing off two of the bridge's spans. The collision was the result of a mix-up in signals between the collier and a tug. It was later determined that mishandling on the part of the Jagger Seam was the cause of the accident.[14] Initial estimates indicated that rail service over the Hackensack would be delayed for three months,[15] with the CNJ projecting that it would take that long to procure enough steel to reconstruct the bridge.[16] After the accident, trains continued to run from Kearny to Newark.[3] Similarly, service east of the drawbridge continued to run between the West Side Avenue station and Communipaw Terminal.[16]
In October 1946, the CNJ asked the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) for permission to abandon the line.[17] Without any further funding for repair of the Hackensack Drawbridge and with the route severed in two, the railroad was deemed "half-abandoned". The ICC sympathized with the CNJ, saying "'twas a pity".[5] While the Newark Branch operated until 1967, service in Jersey City was discontinued. Ultimately, the bridge was dismantled, but remains of its piers are still visible in the Hackensack River.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Colleti, Richard. "Towers of the CNJ". Jersey Central. National Railroad Historical Society. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
- ^ a b (June 23, 1940). Authority Calls Hackensack Span Menace; Wants Drawbridge Rebuilt or Abandoned, The New York Times (reporting that the Port of New York Authority was recommending that the bridge be either rebuilt or abandoned because it offered limited clearance)
- ^ a b French, pg. 32.
- ^ Federal supplement, pg. 341.
- ^ a b Schmidt, W.H. (May 1946), "Costliest Railroad Now Half Abandoned", Trains, pg. 52.
- ^ "Opening of the Newark and New-York Railroad" (PDF). New York Times. July 24, 1869. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
- ^ a b Railway signaling and communications, pg. 465.
- ^ "Dredge Hackensack River Improving Newark Meadows Section for Development" (PDF). New York Times. February 9, 1913. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
- ^ Magazines, Hearst (July 1912), "An Unusual Bridge-Moving Operation", Popular Mechanics Magazine, p. 26, retrieved August 8, 2012
- ^ Railway signaling and communications, pg. 476.
- ^ Railway signaling and communications, pg. 478.
- ^ "Accident of Jersey Central; Train with 200 Passengers Off the Track on a Bridge Near Newark.", The New York Times, May 17, 1897, retrieved October 10, 2012
- ^ Plans and Specifications submitted by the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey for Alterations of the Hackensack River Bridge (Report). Howard, Needles, Tamman, and Bergendoff. May 19, 1941. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- ^ "Petition of Texas Co. 99 F.Supp. 340 (1951) United States District Court S. D. New York". Leagle. July 11, 1951. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ^ "Steamer Wrecks Bridge in Jersey". The New York Times. February 4, 1946. p. 24. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
- ^ a b Railway age, pg. 329.
- ^ "Asks to Abandon Line Central Railroad of New Jersey Files Plea With the ICC", The New York Times, October 23, 1946, retrieved October 10, 2012
Sources
edit- Federal supplement. Vol. 99. West Pub. Co. 1952. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
- French, Kenneth (2002). Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City. Arcadia Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 9780738509662. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
- Railway age. Vol. 120. Simmons-Boardman. 1946. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
- Railway signaling and communications. Vol. 15. Simmons-Boardman Pub. Corp. 1922. OCLC 1604369. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
- Schmidt Jr., W. H. (1949). ""Costliest Railroad," now half abandoned". Trains. Vol. 9. Kalmbach Publishing Company. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
Further reading
edit- Schmidt Jr., W. H. (August 1946). "Costliest Railroad, Half Abandoned". Trains.
External links
edit- Media related to Hackensack Drawbridge at Wikimedia Commons
