Homeobox protein Hox-B6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB6 gene.[5][6][7]

HOXB6
Identifiers
AliasesHOXB6, HOX2, HOX2B, HU-2, Hox-2.2, homeobox B6
External IDsOMIM: 142961; MGI: 96187; HomoloGene: 7366; GeneCards: HOXB6; OMA:HOXB6 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_018952
NM_156036
NM_156037
NM_001369397

NM_008269

RefSeq (protein)

NP_061825
NP_001356326

NP_032295

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 48.6 – 48.6 MbChr 11: 96.18 – 96.19 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development, including that of lung and skin, and has been localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Altered expression of this gene or a change in the subcellular localization of its protein is associated with some cases of acute myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer.[7]

During development

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HOXB6 gene is only expressed in erythroid progenitor cells, which are the precursor to red blood cells used for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. During development, the formation of the HOX gene factor happens in the first stages of fetal development, namely soon after the establishment of the mesoderm, which is the “middle layer” of the future embryo. However, HOXB6 is only expressed once the undifferentiated stem cells of the embryo distinguish themselves into the erythpoietic phase. The research has shown that HOXB6 is not expressed in hematopoietic stem cells located in the red bone marrow, which are the precursor cells to all types of blood cells, or primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursor to cells passed on in each generation.[8] Since it is a transcriptional factor, HOXB6 regulates erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation) using mRNA as the basis for certain protein productions. The specific gene factor for erythrogenesis has relatively been unobserved in the scientific community, and no known diseases have been associated with a defect HOXB6 gene. However, it has been shown in correlation with major skeletal deformations.[9]

HOXB6 is a structural protein that has been shown to influence the growth and differentiation of the different blood lineages. This gene has also been shown to encourage the growth of granulocytes and monocytes, but at the cost of other blood cells. HOXB6 has the ability to cause the indefinite proliferation of murine marrow cells, as well as expand hematopoietic stem cells. When expressed abnormally, HOXB6 displays many characteristics of a potent oncoprotein. An oncoprotein can cause the transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell. Overexpression of HOXB6, along with the addition of MEIS1 protein, has been implicated in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Acute myeloid leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells, specifically the leukocytes. The chromosomal irregularity most frequently seen in HOXB6 AML is a reappearing interstitial deletion of chromosome 2. Fundamental HOXB6 expression stops myeloid differentiation and debilitates erythropoiesis, megakaryopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000108511Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000690Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ McAlpine PJ, Shows TB (Jul 1990). "Nomenclature for human homeobox genes". Genomics. 7 (3): 460. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90186-X. PMID 1973146.
  6. ^ Scott MP (Nov 1992). "Vertebrate homeobox gene nomenclature". Cell. 71 (4): 551–3. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90588-4. PMID 1358459. S2CID 13370372.
  7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: HOXB6 homeobox B6".
  8. ^ Zimmermann F, Rich IN (Apr 1997). "Mammalian homeobox B6 expression can be correlated with erythropoietin production sites and erythropoiesis during development, but not with hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic stem cell populations". Blood. 89 (8): 2723–35. doi:10.1182/blood.V89.8.2723. PMID 9108390.
  9. ^ Rancourt DE, Tsuzuki T, Capecchi MR (Jan 1995). "Genetic interaction between hoxb-5 and hoxb-6 is revealed by nonallelic noncomplementation". Genes & Development. 9 (1): 108–22. doi:10.1101/gad.9.1.108. PMID 7828847.
  10. ^ Fischbach NA, Rozenfeld S, Shen W, Fong S, Chrobak D, Ginzinger D, Kogan SC, Radhakrishnan A, Le Beau MM, Largman C, Lawrence HJ (2005). "HOXB6 overexpression in murine bone marrow immortalizes a myelomonocytic precursor in vitro and causes hematopoietic stem cell expansion and acute myeloid leukemia in vivo". Blood. 105 (4): 1456–66. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-04-1583. PMID 15522959.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.