Gliese 414, also known as GJ 414, is a binary system made up of an orange dwarf and a red dwarf, located about 39 light years from Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major.[6][note 1] With an apparent magnitude of 8.31, it is not visible to the naked eye.[4][6] The primary component of the system has two known exoplanets.[7]
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Ursa Major[note 1] |
| GJ 414 A[1] | |
| Right ascension | 11h 11m 05.17s |
| Declination | +30° 26′ 45.7″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 8.864±0.012[2] |
| GJ 414 B[3] | |
| Right ascension | 11h 11m 02.54s |
| Declination | +30° 26′ 41.3″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 10[3] |
| Characteristics | |
| GJ 414 A | |
| Spectral type | K7V[1] |
| B−V color index | 1.255[2] |
| Variable type | None |
| GJ 414 B | |
| Spectral type | M2V[3] |
| B−V color index | 2.41±0.34[2] |
| Variable type | None |
| Astrometry | |
| GJ 414 A | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −16.63 [1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 591.622±0.0812 mas/yr[4] Dec.: −197.247±0.0911 mas/yr[4] |
| Parallax (π) | 84.1766 ± 0.0258 mas[1] |
| Distance | 38.75 ± 0.01 ly (11.880 ± 0.004 pc) |
| GJ 414 B | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −15.34[3] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 604.831±0.0806 mas/yr[4] Dec.: −206.442±0.0751 mas/yr[4] |
| Parallax (π) | 84.1554 ± 0.0200 mas[3] |
| Distance | 38.756 ± 0.009 ly (11.883 ± 0.003 pc) |
| Details[2] | |
| GJ 414 A | |
| Mass | 0.65±0.08 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.68±0.14 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.119±0.013 L☉ |
| Habitable zone inner limit | 0.37 AU |
| Habitable zone outer limit | 0.70 AU |
| Temperature | 4120±109 K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.24±0.1 dex |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 3[5] km/s |
| Age | 12.4±5.2 Gyr |
| GJ 414 B | |
| Mass | 0.542±0.022 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.548±0.017 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.05 L☉ |
| Temperature | 3663±70 K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.08±0.09 dex |
| Age | 11.2±5.9 Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Position (relative to Gliese 414 A)[2] | |
| Component | Gliese 414 B |
| Angular distance | 34.34″ |
| Projected separation | 408 AU |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
Characteristics
editThe main component of the system, Gliese 414 A, is a relatively active orange dwarf, about 68% the size of the Sun and 65% its mass.[2] Its age is estimated at 12.4 billion years, about two and a half times the age of the Solar System.[2] It is orbited by two known exoplanets, called Gliese 414 Ab and Gliese 414 Ac.
The secondary component, Gliese 414 B, is a red dwarf of type M2V, that is 55% the size of the Sun and 54% its mass.[2] Unlike its companion star, Gliese 414 B is not orbited by any known planets.[6]
The binary star system is located in the northern hemisphere, approximately 38.8 light years from Earth, in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major.[4][note 1] The closest star to the star system is CW Ursae Majoris, at a distance of 5.3 light-years.[6]
| Name | Distance (light-years) |
|---|---|
| CW Ursae Majoris | 5.3 |
| DS Leonis | 5.9 |
| 2MASS J10475+2124 | 7.8 |
| Gliese 1138 | 8.1 |
| Gliese 1134 | 8.3 |
Planetary system
editThe primary star, Gliese 414 A, is orbited by two exoplanets.[2] They were discovered in 2020 by analyzing radial velocity data from Keck's HIRES instrument and the Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory, as well as photometric data from KELT.[7][8]
The innermost planet, Gliese 414 Ab, orbits its star at an average distance of 0.23 astronomical units, making it close to the optimistic habitable zone.[2] Its orbit is eccentric (e = 0.45), which causes the distance from its star to vary from 0.13 to 0.34 AU, and its equilibrium temperature is calculated at 36 °C.[2] With a minimum mass of 7.6 ME, it is likely to have a significant volatile-rich envelope, thus being a poor candidate for habitability.[2][8]
The outermost planet, Gliese 414 Ac, is a super-Neptune that orbits its star at a greater distance of 1.4 astronomical units, which makes it a frigid planet, having an equilibrium temperature of about -150 °C.[2] It is a good candidate for future direct imaging missions.[2][7][8]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | ≥7.6+2.44 −2.19 M🜨 |
0.232±0.01 | 50.8+0.01 −0.26 |
0.45+0.19 −0.22 |
— | 2.63+1.22 −0.85 R🜨 |
| c | ≥53.83+9.18 −8.58 M🜨 |
1.4+0.055 −0.06 |
749.83+4.35 −3.63 |
0.105+0.110 −0.703 |
— | 8.4+3.6 −2.5 R🜨 |
See also
editNotes and references
edit- ^ a b c d e f "HD 97101". SIMBAD. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; Lund, Michael B.; James, David J.; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Pepper, Joshua; Petigura, Erik A.; Rodriguez, Joseph E. (January 2021). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (2): 86. arXiv:2009.06503. Bibcode:2021AJ....161...86D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 1538-3881.
- ^ a b c d e "HD 97101B". SIMBAD. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Gliese 414 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ Nordström, B.; Mayor, M.; Andersen, J.; Holmberg, J.; Pont, F.; Jørgensen, B. R.; Olsen, E. H.; Udry, S.; Mowlavi, N. (2004-05-01). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ∼14 000 F and G dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 418: 989–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0405198. Bibcode:2004A&A...418..989N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959. ISSN 0004-6361. Archived from the original on 2022-09-22. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
- ^ a b c d e "★ Gliese 414". Stellar Catalog. Archived from the original on 2023-12-13. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ a b c "Open Exoplanet Catalogue - Gliese 414 Ab". www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com. Archived from the original on 2023-12-14. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ a b c Anderson, Natali (2020-09-21). "Astronomers Find Two Massive Exoplanets in Nearby Binary System | Astronomy | Sci-News.com". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Archived from the original on 2024-01-13. Retrieved 2024-01-13.