Ginda'i

Ginda'i
Ginda'i
Gindae
	Ginda'i
Coordinates	13°46′16″N 39°20′17″E / 13.771118°N 39.338038°E
Type	Freshwater artificial lake
Primary outflows	Agefet
Basin countries	Ethiopia
Surface area	0.135 km2 (0.052 sq mi)
Water volume	0.793×106 m3 (643 acre⋅ft)
Settlements	Tsigereda

Ginda'i (also spelled Gindae) is a reservoir located in the Kilte Awula’ilo woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 1998 by SAERT.^[1]

Dam characteristics

Dam height: 19.5 metres
Dam crest length: 483 metres
Spillway width: 23.2 metres

Capacity

Original capacity: 793170 m³
Dead storage: 142405 m³
Reservoir area: 13.5 ha

In 2002, the life expectancy of the reservoir (the duration before it is filled with sediment) was estimated at 20 years.^[1]

Irrigation

Designed irrigated area: 54 ha
Actual irrigated area in 2002: 6 ha

Environment

The catchment of the reservoir is 11.16 km² large. A net erosion map for the Ginda’i catchment shows that sediment deposition occurs at the footslopes, while the maximum erosion rate (more than 150 tonnes per hectare per year) occurred on the steepest slopes. Erosion rates in the cultivated lands are often low, as in the Ginda’i catchment croplands are generally located on slopes which are less than 5% steep.^[2] The reservoir suffers from rapid siltation.^[3] Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b De Wit, Joke (2003). Stuwmeren in Tigray (Noord-Ethiopië): kenmerken, sedimentatie en sediment-bronnen. Unpub. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Geography, K.U.Leuven.
^ Nigussie Haregeweyn, J. Poesen, G. Verstraeten, G. Govers, J. De Vente, J. NYSSEN, J. DECKERS, and J. MOEYERSONS. "Assessing the performance of a spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model (WATEM/SEDEMENTATION) in northern Ethiopia." In Land Degradation and Development. John Wiley & Sons, 2001. doi:10.1002/ldr.1121
^ Nigussie Haregeweyn, and colleagues (2006). "Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems". Land Degradation and Development. 17: 211–230. doi:10.1002/ldr.698. S2CID 129834993.
^ Nigussie Haregeweyn, and colleagues (2008). "Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors". Catena. 75 (1): 65–76. Bibcode:2008Caten..75...65H. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011.

[joke-1] De Wit, Joke (2003). Stuwmeren in Tigray (Noord-Ethiopië): kenmerken, sedimentatie en sediment-bronnen. Unpub. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Geography, K.U.Leuven.

[2] Nigussie Haregeweyn, J. Poesen, G. Verstraeten, G. Govers, J. De Vente, J. NYSSEN, J. DECKERS, and J. MOEYERSONS. "Assessing the performance of a spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model (WATEM/SEDEMENTATION) in northern Ethiopia." In Land Degradation and Development. John Wiley & Sons, 2001. doi:10.1002/ldr.1121

[3] Nigussie Haregeweyn, and colleagues (2006). "Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems". Land Degradation and Development. 17: 211–230. doi:10.1002/ldr.698. S2CID 129834993.

[4] Nigussie Haregeweyn, and colleagues (2008). "Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors". Catena. 75 (1): 65–76. Bibcode:2008Caten..75...65H. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011.

[1]