FOLR3

FOLR3
Identifiers
Aliases	FOLR3, FR-G, FR-gamma, gamma-hFR, folate receptor 3 (gamma), folate receptor 3, folate receptor gamma, FRgamma
External IDs	OMIM: 602469; HomoloGene: 88342; GeneCards: FOLR3; OMA:FOLR3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	72,139,892 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; blood; ; monocyte; ; bone marrow; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; spleen; ; bone marrow cells; ; trabecular bone; ; human kidney; ; gonad;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	folic acid binding; signaling receptor activity;
Cellular component	membrane; extrinsic component of membrane; extracellular region; specific granule lumen; tertiary granule lumen; anchored component of external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	folic acid transport; neutrophil degranulation; cell adhesion; fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization; sperm-egg recognition;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2352
	n/a
	ENSG00000110203
	n/a
	P41439
	n/a
	NM_000804; NM_001318045
	n/a
	NP_000795; NP_001304974
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Folate receptor gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR3 gene. It is involved in up-take of folic acid.^[3]

Gene location

The FOLR multi-gene family (FOLR1, FOLR2 and FOLR3) is localized to chromosome 11q13.3–q14.1, and encodes the gene products FRα, β and γ, respectively.^[4]

Tissue distribution

FOLR3 is localized in haematopoietic tissue, such as spleen and bone marrow, and is present as a secretory protein. FOLR3 expresses in humans rather than mice and rats.^[3]

Function

The FOLR3 gene is polymorphic due to a nonsense mutation resulting in a truncated protein; FRγ, which can bind folic acid. FOLR3 genes each consist of 5 exons, 4 introns and 1 promoter that encodes a single transcript.^[3]

Clinical significance

Expression of FOLR3 is correlated more strongly with plasma homocysteine(Hcy) than FOLR1 and FOLR2. FOLR3 may decrease plasma Hcy compared with other FOLRs.^[4] It was demonstrated that FOLR3 can metabolize both intracellular Hcy and extracellular Hcy. These results indicate that an increase in FOLR3 may effectively ameliorate Hcy in the blood and weaken Hcy-induced toxicity, even in tissues with the low level of FOLR1 and FOLR2 expression.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110203 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kelemen LE (July 2006). "The role of folate receptor alpha in cancer development, progression and treatment: cause, consequence or innocent bystander?". International Journal of Cancer. 119 (2): 243–250. doi:10.1002/ijc.21712. PMID 16453285. S2CID 1966455.
^ ^a ^b ^c Yoshitomi R, Nakayama K, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Lin TA, Mei CY, et al. (June 2020). "Plasma Homocysteine Concentration is Associated with the Expression Level of Folate Receptor 3". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 10283. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1010283Y. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67288-9. PMC 7314855. PMID 32581311.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110203 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Kelemen_2006-3] Kelemen LE (July 2006). "The role of folate receptor alpha in cancer development, progression and treatment: cause, consequence or innocent bystander?". International Journal of Cancer. 119 (2): 243–250. doi:10.1002/ijc.21712. PMID 16453285. S2CID 1966455.

[Yoshitomi_2020-4] Yoshitomi R, Nakayama K, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Lin TA, Mei CY, et al. (June 2020). "Plasma Homocysteine Concentration is Associated with the Expression Level of Folate Receptor 3". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 10283. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1010283Y. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67288-9. PMC 7314855. PMID 32581311.

[3]