Ellen Nussey (20 April 1817 – 26 November 1897) was born in Birstall Smithies in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. She was a lifelong friend, correspondent and potential lover[1] of writer Charlotte Brontë and, through more than 500 letters received from her, was a major influence for Elizabeth Gaskell's 1857 biography The Life of Charlotte Brontë.
Early years
editNussey was the twelfth child of John Nussey (1760–1826), a cloth merchant of Birstall Smithies, near Gomersal in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and his wife Ellen, née Wade (c. 1771–1857). She attended a small local school before progressing to Gomersal Moravian Ladies Academy. Nussey met Mary Taylor[2] and Charlotte Brontë in January 1831, when they were pupils at Roe Head School, near Mirfield in Yorkshire. They corresponded regularly over the next 24 years, each writing hundreds of letters to the other. In 1839, Nussey's brother, Henry, proposed marriage to Brontë, but she found him dull and refused his offer.[3]
Friendship with the Brontës
editThrough her frequent visits to the Parsonage at Haworth, Nussey also became a friend of Anne and Emily Brontë, and was accepted as a suitable friend for his daughters by their father. In May 1849, Anne decided to visit Scarborough in the hope that the change of location and fresh sea air might be good for her failing health, and give her a chance to live. She went with Charlotte and Nussey. Before the trip, Anne expressed her frustration over unfulfilled ambitions in a letter to Ellen:
I have no horror of death: if I thought it inevitable I think I could quietly resign myself to the prospect ... But I wish it would please God to spare me not only for Papa's and Charlotte's sakes, but because I long to do some good in the world before I leave it. I have many schemes in my head for future practise–humble and limited indeed–but still I should not like them all to come to nothing, and myself to have lived to so little purpose. But God's will be done.[4]
En route, they spent a day and a night in York, where, escorting Anne around in a wheelchair, they did some shopping, and at Anne's request, visited York Minster. It became clear that Anne had little strength left and on Sunday, 27 May 1849, she asked Charlotte whether it would be easier for her to go home to die instead of remaining at Scarborough. A doctor, consulted the next day, indicated that death was already close. Anne received the news quietly. She expressed her love and concern for Nussey and Charlotte, and seeing Charlotte's distress, whispered to her to "take courage".[5] Nussey's presence during the weeks following gave comfort to Charlotte Brontë, who was writing her novel Shirley at the time. Nussey believed that the character Caroline Helstone was based on herself.[6] Nussey was staying with the Brontës at Haworth on the night of the 1851 census and is shown on the return as "visitor".
When Charlotte Brontë married her father's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls in June 1854, Nussey was one of two witnesses present.[3] Their engagement had caused a cooling in the friendship on Nussey's part, who was probably jealous of Brontë's attachment to Nicholls, having thought they would remain spinsters.[7] After Charlotte's death Nicholls became concerned that her letters to Nussey might damage her reputation and asked Nussey to destroy them, but she refused. Nussey sought to have the letters from Charlotte published until she learned that Nicholls held the copyright.[8] After edited selections from more than 350 letters from Charlotte Brontë to Nussey were used in Gaskell's The Life of Charlotte Brontë, he prevented at least one other publication from using them.[9]
Death and legacy
edit
After Charlotte's death in 1855 Nussey devoted the rest of her life to maintaining the memory of her friend, and was often sought out by Brontë enthusiasts and biographers.
Nussey experienced both health and financial issues in her final years and friends, including her cousin's wife, Agnes Nussey of Potternewton Hall provided her with companionship. Agnes was interested in the Nussey family history and corresponded with Ellen.[10][11]
Nussey was the great-aunt of Helen Georgiana Nussey (1875–1965), a welfare worker.[12]
Nussey died in 1897, aged 80, at Moor Lane House in Gomersal in Yorkshire. Following her death, her possessions and letters were dispersed at auction, and many of Charlotte Brontë's letters to her have made their way, by way of donation or purchase, to the Brontë Parsonage Museum in Haworth in Yorkshire.[13]
Nussey Avenue in Birstall is named after her.
References
edit- ^ Miller, Elaine (1989). Not A Passing Phase Reclaiming Lesbians in History 1840-1985 (1st ed.). London: The Women's Press. pp. 29–54. ISBN 0-7043-4175-1.
- ^ "Family and friends – Mary Taylor". Brontë Society. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^ a b "Chronology of Charlotte Bronte's Life". Archived from the original on 15 October 2001. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
- ^ Barker, The Brontës, p. 592
- ^ Barker, The Brontës, p. 594
- ^ William Scruton, Reminiscences of the late Miss Ellen Nussey 1897
- ^ The Letters of Charlotte Brontë edited by Margaret Smith. Oxford University Press (2004)
- ^ Harman, Claire. Charlotte Bronte: A Fiery Heart. New York: Viking, 2015, p. 384.
- ^ "Ellen Nussey". From History to Her Story. Archived from the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
- ^ Whitehead, B. (1993). Charlotte Brontë and Her 'dearest Nell': The Story of a Friendship. Smith Settle. p. 246. ISBN 9781858250113.
- ^ "Potternewton Hall, Potternewton Lane". Leodis. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Susan Williams and Tendayi Bloom, "Nussey, Helen Georgiana (1875–1965)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
- ^ "Six of Charlotte's letters to Ellen Nussey come home - An invaluable addition to the Parsonage collection". The Bronte Society. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
Bibliography
edit- Barker, Juliet R. V. (1995). The Brontës. London: Phoenix House. ISBN 1-85799-069-2.
