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Chhatrapati

This article is about the title of the Maratha head of state. For the Telugu film, see Chatrapathi (2005 film).

Chhatrapati is a royal title from Sanskrit used to denote a king. The word "Chhatrapati" is a Sanskrit language compound word of chhatra (parasol or umbrella) and pati (master/lord/ruler).[1] This title was used by the House of Bhonsle, between 1674 and 1818, as the heads of state of the Maratha Confederacy.

Chhatrapati of the Marathas
Marāṭhyānche Chatrapatī
Federal
Seal
First to reign
Shivaji I
6 June 1674 – 3 April 1680
Details
StyleMaharaj
First monarchShivaji I
Last monarchPratap Singh
Formation1674
Abolition1818
Residence
AppointerHereditary
Pretender(s)Chhatrapati of Kolhapur
Shahu II of Kolhapur (1983–present)
Chhatrapati of Satara
Udayanraje Bhosale (1978–present)

The states of Satara and Kolhapur came into being in 1707, because of the succession dispute over the royalty. Shahuji, the heir apparent to the Maratha Kingdom, captured by the Mughals at the age of nine, remained their prisoner at the death of his father Sambhaji, the elder son of Shivaji the founder of the Maratha Kingdom, in 1689. The dowager Maharani Tarabai (wife of Rajaram I) proclaimed her son Shivaji II, as Chhatrapati under her regency. The Mughals released Shahu under certain conditions in 1707, and he returned to claim his inheritance. He defeated the regent at the Battle of Khed and established himself at Satara, forcing her to retire with her son to Kolhapur. By 1710 two separate principalities had become an established fact. Shivaji II and Tarabai were soon deposed by the other wife of Rajaram, Rajasbai. She installed her own son, Sambhaji II, as the new ruler of Kolhapur. Sambhaji II signed the Treaty of Warana in 1731 with his cousin Shahuji to formalize the two separate seats of Bhonsle family.[2]

Initial Chhatrapatis

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This is the list of the initial Maratha Chhatrapatis.

Portrait Chhatrapati Birth Reign Death
  Shivaji I 19 February 1630[3] 6 June 1674 – 5 April 1680 5 April 1680
  Sambhaji 14 May 1657 16 January 1681 – 11 March 1689 11 March 1689
  Rajaram I 24 February 1670 11 March 1689 – 3 March 1700 3 March 1700
Shivaji II 9 June 1696 3 March 1700 – 12 January 1708 14 March 1726
  Shahu I 18 May 1682 12 January 1708 – 15 December 1749 15 December 1749
Rajaram II June 1726 15 December 1749 – 11 December 1777 11 December 1777
  Shahu II 1763 11 December 1777 – 3 May 1808 3 May 1808
  Pratap Singh 18 January 1793 3 May 1808 – April 1818 14 October 1847

Raja Chhatrapatis of Satara

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This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of Satara.[4]

Portrait Chhatrapati Birth Reign Death
  Pratap Singh 18 January 1793 1818 – 5 September 1839 14 October 1847
  Shahaji 1802 5 September 1839 – 5 April 1848 5 April 1848

Titular Chhatrapatis

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Portrait Chhatrapati Birth Reign Death
Venkatji Bhonsle 1848–1864 1864
Pratap Singh II 1864–1874 1 March 1878
Rajaram III 1874–1904 6 July 1907
Anna Sahib 1904–1914 1919
Bhav Sahib / Bhausaheb 1914–1925 7 July 1925
  Shahu III 1925–1950 23 February 1960
Pratap Singh III 1950–1978 5 April 1983/1989
  Udayanraje 24 February 1966 1978–present
Source:[5]

Raja Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur

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This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur.[4]

Portrait Chhatrapati Birth Reign Death
Shivaji II 9 June 1696 1710 – 2 August 1714 (Kolhapur State) 14 March 1726
  Sambhaji II 1698 2 August 1714 – 18 December 1760 18 December 1760
  Shivaji III 1756 22 September 1762 – 24 April 1813 24 April 1813
Sambhaji III 1801 24 April 1813 – 2 July 1821 2 July 1821
Shivaji IV 1816 2 July 1821 – 3 Jan 1822 3 January 1822
Shahaji I 22 January 1802 3 January 1822 – 29 November 1838 29 November 1838
  Shivaji V 26 December 1830 1838–1866 4 August 1866
  Rajaram II 13 April 1850 18 August 1866 – 30 November 1870 30 November 1870
  Shivaji VI 05 April 1863 1871–1883 25 December 1883
  Shahu IV (overall)
Shahu I of Kolhapur 		26 June 1874 2 April 1894 – 6 May 1922 6 May 1922
  Rajaram III 31 July 1897 1922–1940 26 November 1940
  Shivaji VII 22 November 1941 31 December 1941 – 28 September 1946 28 September 1946
  Shahaji II 4 April 1910 1947–1971 9 May 1983
  Shahu V (overall)
Shahu II of Kolhapur 		7 January 1948 9 May 1983–present
 
Genealogy of Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Fairey, Jack; Farrell, Brian P. (28 June 2018). Empire in Asia: A New Global History: From Chinggisid to Qing. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4725-9123-4.
  2. ^ Sailendra, Sen (1 January 2013). Textbook of medieval Indian history. Primus Books. ISBN 9789380607344. OCLC 822894456.
  3. ^ Indu Ramchandani, ed. (2000). Student's Britannica: India (Set of 7 Vols.) 39. Popular Prakashan. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.
  4. ^ a b Maheshwari, K. K. & K. W. Wiggins (1989). Maratha Mints and Coinage, Nashik: Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, pp. 205–6.
  5. ^ "The Marathas: Post Shahu Chatrapatis of Satara". Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.

References

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  • ^ V. S. Kadam, 1993. Maratha Confederacy: A Study in Its Origin and Development. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi.
  • D. B. Kasar, Rigveda to Rajgarh: Making of Shivaji the Great. Manudevi Prakashan, Mumbai.
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