Bzhedug dialect

Bzhedug Adyghe
Bzhedug Adyghe
Бжъэдыгъубзэ
Native to	Russia, Turkey
Region	Republic of Adygea, Biga
Ethnicity	Bzhedugs
Language family	Northwest Caucasian Circassian Adyghe Bzhedug Adyghe; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	bezh1247

The Bzhedug dialect (Adyghe: Бжъэдыгъубзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe.^[1] The Bzhedug dialect is spoken by the Bzhedugs who live mostly in Adygea and Biga.

Phonology

Dropped consonants

In the Bzhedug dialect (as in the Northern Shapsug dialect) in some cases the consonants н [n], м [m] and р [r] are dropped and are not pronounced.^[2]

The consonant м [m] is dropped before bilabial stops б [b], п [p], пI [pʼ] :

Meaning	Bzhedug		Standard Adyghe		Kabardian
Meaning	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA
calm	сабыр	saːbər	самбыр	saːmbər	самбыр	saːmbər
Saturday	шэбэт	ʃabat	шэмбэт	ʃambat	щэбэт	ɕabat
finger	Iэхъуабэ	ʔaχʷaːba	Iэхъуамбэ	ʔaχʷaːmba	Iэпхъуамбэ	ʔapχʷaːmba
toe	лъэхъуабэ	ɬaχʷaːba	лъэхъуамбэ	ɬaχʷaːmba	лъэпхъуамбэ	ɬapχʷaːmba
wide	шъуабгъо	ʃʷaːbʁʷa	шъуамбгъо	ʃʷaːmbʁʷa	фабгъуэ	faːbʁʷa
peel	шъуапIэ	ʃʷaːpʼa	шъуампIэ	ʃʷaːmpʼa	фампIэ	faːmpʼa
board	пхъэбгъу	pχabʁʷ	пхъэмбгъу	pχambʁʷ	пхъэбгъу	pχabʁʷ
worm	хьэблыу	ħabləw	хьамлыу	ħaːmɮəw	хьэмбылыу	ħambəɮəw

The consonant н [n] is dropped before postalveolar affricates дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ], кI [t͡ʃʼ] and before alveolar stops д [d], т [t], тI [tʼ] :

Meaning	Bzhedug		Standard Adyghe		Kabardian
Meaning	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA
egg	кIэкIэ	t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼa	кIэнкIэ	t͡ʃant͡ʃa	джэдыкӏэ	d͡ʒadət͡ʃʼa
sweat	пкIатIэ	pt͡ʃʼaːtʼa	пкIантIэ	pt͡ʃʼaːntʼa	пщIантIэ	pɕʼaːntʼa
flue pipe	оджэкъ	wad͡ʒaq	онджэкъ	wand͡ʒaq	уэнжакъ	wanžaq
rice	пыдж	pəd͡ʒ	пындж	pənd͡ʒ	пынжь	pənʑ
pillow	шъхьатэ	ʂħaːta	шъхьантэ	ʂħaːnta	щхьэнтэ	ɕħanta
pants	гъочэдж	ʁʷat͡ʃad͡ʒ	гъончэдж	ʁʷant͡ʃad͡ʒ	гъуэншэдж	ʁʷanʃad͡ʒ
fast	псыкIэ	psət͡ʃʼa	псынкIэ	psənt͡ʃʼa	псынщIэ	psənɕʼa
shovel	хьацэ	ħaːt͡sa	хьанцэ	ħaːnt͡sa	хьэнцэ	ħant͡sa
blue	шхъуатIэ	ʃχʷaːtʼa	шхъуантIэ	ʃχʷaːntʼa	шхъуантIэ	ʃχʷaːntʼa
key	IукIыбзэ	ʔʷət͡ʃʼəbza	IункIыбзэ	ʔʷənt͡ʃəbza	IункIыбзэ	ʔʷənt͡ʃəbza
vein	лъытфэ	ɬətfa	лъынтфэ	ɬəntfa	лъынтхуэ	ɬəntxʷa
heavy	отэгъу	wataʁʷ	онтэгъу	wantaʁʷ	уэндэгъу	wandaʁʷ
knee	лъэгуаджэ	ɬaɡʷaːd͡ʒa	лъэгуанджэ	ɬaɡʷaːnd͡ʒa	лъэгуажьэ	ɬaɡʷaːʑa
butterfly	хьапIырашъу	ħapˈəpaʃʷ]	хьампIырашъу	ħampˈəpaʃʷ]	хьэндырабгъуэ	ħandəraːbʁʷa
noise	жъот	ʒʷat	жъонт	ʒʷant
peanuts	чIыдэ	t͡ʃʼəda	чIындэ	t͡ʃʼənda	щIыдэ	ɕʼəda
chair	пхъэтIэкIу	pχat��akʷʼ	пхъэнтIэкIу	pχantʼakʷʼ	пхъэнтIэкIу	pχantʼakʷʼ

Aspirated consonants

In the Bzhedug dialect (Like the Shapsug dialect) there exist a series of aspirated consonants (/pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʃʰ/ /t͡sʰ/ /t͡ʃʰ/ /t͡ʂʰ/ /t͡ɕʰʷ/ /kʰʷ/ /qʰ/ /qʰʷ/) that became plain consonants in other dialects :

Bzhedug пʰ [pʰ] ↔ п [p] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
sharp	pʰaːpt͡sʼa	пʰапцIэ	paːpt͡sʼa	папцIэ	paːpsʼa	paːpt͡sʼa
arrogant	pʰaːɣa^ⓘ	пʰагэ	paːɣa	пагэ	paːɣa	пагэ
nose	pʰa^ⓘ	пʰэ	pa	пэ	pa	пэ

Bzhedug тʰ [tʰ] ↔ т [t] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
respect	pχaːtʰa^ⓘ	пхъатʰэ	pχaːta	пхъатэ	–	–
to give	jatʰən	етʰын	jatən	етын	jatən	етын
to take	ʃtʰan	штʰэн	ʃtan	штэн	ɕtan	щтэн
on	tʰajt	тʰет	tajt	тет	tat	тет
smooth	t͡sʼaːʂʷtʰa	цIашъутʰэ	t͡sʼaːʃʷta	цIашъутэ	t͡sʼaːfta	цIафтэ
to afraid	ɕtʰan	щтʰэн	ɕtan	щтэн	ɕtan	щтэн
pillow	ʂħaːntʰa^ⓘ	шъхьантʰэ	ʂħaːnta	шъхьантэ	ɕħaːta	щхьатэ

Bzhedug цʰ [t͡sʰ] ↔ ц [t͡s] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
wool	t͡sʰə^ⓘ	цʰы	t͡sə	цы	t͡sə	цы
eyelash	nabzət͡sʰ	нэбзыцʰ	nabzət͡s	нэбзыц	nabʒət͡s	нэбжьыц

Bzhedug шʰ [ʃʰ] ↔ щ [ɕ] in other Adyghe dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
milk	ʃʰa^ⓘ	шʰэ	ɕa	щэ	ʃa	шэ
lame	ɬaːʃʰa^ⓘ	лъашʰэ	ɬaːɕa	лъащэ	ɬaːʃa	лъашэ
salt	ʃʰəʁʷ^ⓘ	шʰыгъу	ɕəʁʷ	щыгъу	ʃəʁʷ	шыгъу
cloud	pʃʰa	пшʰэ	pɕa	пщэ	pʃa	пшэ
pus	ʃʰənə^ⓘ	шʰыны	ɕənə	щыны	ʃən	шын
accordion	pʃʰəna^ⓘ	пшʰынэ	pɕəna	пщынэ	pʃəna	пшынэ
fat	pʃʰarə^ⓘ	пшʰэры	pɕarə	пщэры	pʃar	пшэр
wax	ʃʰafə^ⓘ	шʰэфы	ʃafə	шэфы	ʃaxʷə	шэху
horse	ʃʰə	шʰы	ʃə	шы	ʃə	шы
sand	pʃʰaːχʷa^ⓘ	пшʰахъо	pʃaːχʷa	пшахъо	pʃaːχʷa	пшахъуэ
story	pʃʰəsa^ⓘ	пшʰысэ	pʃəsa	пшысэ	pʃəsa	пшысэ

Bzhedug чʰ [t͡ʃʰ] ↔ ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects (кь [kʲ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
spleen	t͡ʃʰa^ⓘ	чʰэ	t͡ʃa	чэ	t͡ʃa	чэ
brushwood twig	t͡ʃʰə^ⓘ	чʰы	t͡ʃə	чы	t͡ʃə	чы
to cough	pst͡ʃʰan	псчʰэн	pst͡ʃan	псчэн	pst͡ʃan	псчэн

Bzhedug кʰу [kʰʷ] ↔ ку [kʷ] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
middle	kʰʷə^ⓘ	кʰу	kʷə	ку	kʷə	ку
thigh	kʰʷa^ⓘ	кʰо	kʷa	ко	kʷa	куэ

Bzhedug къʰ [qʰ] ↔ къ [q] in other Adyghe dialects (хъ [χ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
grave	qʰa^ⓘ	къʰэ	qa	къэ	q͡χa	кхъэ

Bzhedug къуʰ [qʰʷ] ↔ къу [qʷ] in other Adyghe dialects (хъу [χʷ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
pig	qʰʷa^ⓘ	къʰо	qʷa	къо	q͡χʷa	кхъуэ

Bzhedug чъʰу [t͡ɕʰʷ] ↔ цу [t͡sʷ] in Temirgoy:

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
jungle/bushy area	t͡ɕʰʷənə	чъʰуны	t͡sʷənə	цуны	fən	фын

The consonant х [х] becomes к [k] after ш [ʃ] in Bzhedug:

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh		Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
Almighty God	tħa:ʃku	тхьашку	tħa:ʃxu	тхьашху	tħəʃxuə	тхьэшхуэ
large room/house	wənaʃku	унэшку	wənaʃxu	унэшху	wənaʃxuə	унэшхуэ
festival	mafaʃku	мэфэшку	mafaʃxu	мэфэшху	jazə	мэхуэшхуэ
to eat	ʃkan	шкэн	ʃxan	шхэн	ʃxan	шхэн
enormous	jənəʃku	инышку	jənəʃxu	инышху	jənəʃxuə	инышхуэ

Grammar

Noun instrumental case

In the instrumental case the noun has the suffix мджэ (-md͡ʒa) or -джэ (-d͡ʒa) unlike other dialects (e.g. Abzakh, Temirgoy and Standard Kabardian) that has the suffix -мкIэ (-mt͡ʃʼa) or -кIэ (-t͡ʃʼa) :

Bzhedug dialect: КIалэр Адыгэбзэджэ мэгущаIэ ↔ Standard: КIалэр АдыгэбзэкIэ мэгущыIэ – "The boy speaks (using) Adyghe language".
Bzhedug dialect: Къэлэмымджэ сэтхэ ↔ Standard: КъэлэмымкIэ сэтхэ – "I write (using) with the pencil".

Future tense Suffix ~т (~t)

In this dialect the future tense suffix is ~эт (~at) and in some cases ~ыт (~ət) unlike standard Adyghe (Temirgoy) that has the Suffix ~щт (~ɕt).

Word	Adyghe				Standard Kabardian
	Standard Adyghe		Bzhedug		Standard Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
I will go	səkʷʼaɕt	сыкIощт	səkʷʼat	сыкIот	səkʷʼanəwɕ	сыкIуэнущ
you will go	wəkʷʼaɕt	укIощт	wəkʷʼat	укIот	wəkʷʼanəwɕ	укIуэнущ
he will go	makʷʼaɕt	мэкIощт	makʷʼat	мэкIот	makʷʼanəwɕ	мэкIуэнущ
we will go	təkʷʼaɕt	тыкIощт	ʂʷəkʷʼat	тыкIот	dəkʷʼanəwɕ	дыкIуэнущ
you (plural) will go	ʃʷəkʷaɕt	шъукIощт	ʃʷəkʷʼat	шъукIот	fəkʷʼanəwɕ	фыкIуэнущ
they will go	maːkʷatəɕx	макIощтых	maːkʷʼatəx	макIотых	jaːkʷʼanəwɕ	якIуэнущ

Location

Word	Bzhedugh		Standard Adyghe
Word	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
here	məw, məwd͡ʒa	мыу, мыуджэ	mət͡ʃʼa	мыкӏэ
there (visible)	waw, wawd͡ʒa	оу, оуджэ	mot͡ʃʼa	мокӏэ
there (invisible)	aːw, aːwd͡ʒa	ау, ауджэ	aːt͡ʃʼa	акӏэ
there (emphasis)	d͡ʒaw, d͡ʒawd͡ʒa	джэу, джэуджэ	d͡ʒət͡ʃʼa	джэкӏэ
where	taw, tawd͡ʒa	тэу, тэуджэ	tət͡ʃʼa	тэкӏэ

Vocabulary

Unique words

Word	Adyghe				Standard Kabardian
	Standard Adyghe		Bzhedug		Standard Kabardian
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
what	səd	сыд	ʂəd	шъыд	sət	сыт
how	sədaw	сыдэу	ʂədaw	шъыдэу	dawə	дауэ
why	sədaː	сыда	ʂədaː	шъыда	сыт щхьэкIэ	sət ɕħat͡ʃʼa
when	sədəjʁwa	сыдигъо	ʂədəjʁwa	шъыдигъо	сыт щыгъуи	sət ɕəʁʷəj
how much	səd fadəjz	сыд фэдиз	ʂədfadəjz	шъыд фэдиз	sət xuadəjz	сыт хуэдиз
with what	sədt͡ʃʼa	сыдкIэ	ʂədd͡ʒa	шъыдджэ
he/she/it	aɕ	ащ	aj	ай	abə	абы
this/here	məɕ	мыщ	məj	мый	məbə	мыбы
near	daʑ	дэжь	daj	дэй	dajʒ	деж
self	jaʑ	ежь	jaj	ей	jazə	езы

Sample text

The North Wind and the Sun, written in Bzhedug:

Bzhedug^[3]	Translation
Зэгорэм тыгъэжьымрэ тыгъэмрэ зынэкъокъугъэх анахь лъэшыр язэрымгъашIэу. А лъэхъан дэдэм тефэу зекIогорэ кIакIо техъуагъэу гъогум къэрыкIоу алъэгъугъ ыкIи рахъухьагъ тIумэ язэу гъогурыкIом икIакIо зыщэзгъэхэрыр анахь лъэшэу алъытэнэу. Ай дэй тыгъэжьым зэрыфэлъэкIэу къэпщэу къыригъэжьагъ. Ау ар нахь лъэшэу къепщы къэсми, гъогурыкIом кIакIом нахь зыкIоцIищахьытыгъэ. Ыужыпкъэм тыгъежьыр иморад ыужы икIыжьын фае хъугъэ.ЕтIуанэ тыгъэр къэпсыгъ, гъогурыкIор фабэ къэпагъ, ыкIи ай лъэпэтэу кIакIор зыщихыгъ. Аущтэу тыгъэжьым тыгъэр ей нахьыри нахьы зэрылъэшыр къэгурымэIомэ мэхъонэу хъугъэ.	The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak.They agreed that the one who first succeeded in making the traveler take his cloak off should be considered stronger than the other. Then the North Wind blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew the more closely did the traveler fold his cloak around him; and at last the North Wind gave up the attempt. Then the Sun shined out warmly, and immediately the traveler took off his cloak. And so the North Wind was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two.

External links

References

^ Bzhedug dialect Archived 2015-05-18 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
^ Наращение сонорных согласных Archived 2015-07-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
^ "Tamara Udzhuxu (Bzhedugh Dialect)".

[1] Bzhedug dialect Archived 2015-05-18 at the Wayback Machine (in French)

[2] Наращение сонорных согласных Archived 2015-07-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)

[3] "Tamara Udzhuxu (Bzhedugh Dialect)".

[1]