Blanche I (Spanish: Blanca I de Navarra; 6 July 1387[1] – 1 April 1441) was Queen of Navarre from the death of her father, King Charles III, in 1425 until her own death. She had been Queen of Sicily from 1402 to 1409 by marriage to King Martin I, serving as regent of Sicily from 1404 to 1405 and from 1408 to 1415.
| Blanche I | |
|---|---|
 Sculpture of Blanche I in the church of Santa María la Real, Olite | |
| Queen of Navarre | |
| Reign | 8 September 1425 – 1 April 1441 |
| Coronation | 15/18 May 1429 (Pamplona) |
| Predecessor | Charles III |
| Successor | Charles IV |
| Co-ruler | John II |
| Queen consort of Sicily | |
| Tenure | 26 December 1402 – 25 July 1409 |
| Regent of Sicily | |
| Regency | 1404–1405 and 1408–1415 |
| Monarchs | See
|
| Born | 6 July 1387 Pamplona, Kingdom of Navarre |
| Died | 1 April 1441 (aged 53) Santa María la Real de Nieva, Kingdom of Navarre |
| Burial | |
| Spouses | |
| Issue among others... |
|
| House | Évreux |
| Father | Charles III of Navarre |
| Mother | Eleanor of Castile |
| Signature |  |
Life
editBlanche was the second eldest daughter of King Charles III of Navarre[2] and infanta Eleanor of Castile.[3] She became the heiress to the throne of Navarre on the death of her elder sister, Joan, in 1413.
Queen regent of Sicily
editBlanche married firstly Martin the Younger, King of Sicily and Prince of Aragon.[2] They were married by proxy on 21 May 1402 in Catania. Blanche traveled to meet Martin, and they were married in person on 26 December 1402. The bride was about 15 years old and the groom 28.
Martin had been in need of legitimate heirs, as he had survived his previous wife and former co-ruler, Queen Maria of Sicily, and their only son. From October 1404 to August 1405, she served as regent of Sicily during the absence of her spouse in Aragon.
From August 1408 to July 1409, she served as regent of Sicily during the absence of her spouse in Sardinia. When Martin died on 25 July 1409, he was succeeded by his own father, Martin I of Aragon.[4] Her former father-in-law allowed her to continue as regent of Sicily, which she did also after his death,[5] during the years of succession struggle in Aragon. She was a popular regent in Sicily, where she was seen as a symbol of Sicilian independence against Aragon. There were plans to marry her to Nicolás Peralta, a descendant of the Sicilian royal house, and thereby restore the Sicilian royal house with her and Nicolás as king and queen.
With the victory of Ferdinand I in Aragon, Blanche lost her regency power in Sicily, which was annexed to Aragon in November 1415, and left for Navarre.
Queen regnant of Navarre
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Upon her return to Navarre, Blanche was sworn in as heir to the throne in Olite the 28 October 1415 and was given allegiance by the lords. On 6 November 1419, Blanche married her second husband, John,[2] duke of Peñafiel, the second son of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque, by proxy in Olite. Ferdinand had succeeded his maternal uncle Martin I in 1412.
John travelled to meet her. On 10 July 1420, they were married in person in Pamplona. The couple first lived in Peñafiel, but were called to live in Navarre by her father in 1422.
Charles III died on 8 September 1425 and Blanche succeeded him as Queen regnant of Navarre.[2] John became King of Navarre in her right as John II,[2] and the couple were crowned together in Pamplona 15 May 1429.
Pilgramage to Santa María del Pilar
editDon Juan Vélaz de Medrano, Lord of Igúzquiza, royal chamberlain of the Kings of Navarre and Aragón, accompanied Queen Blanche I on a pilgrimage to Santa María del Pilar in 1433.[6]
Death
editBlanche died in Santa María la Real de Nieva in 1441. After her death, John kept the government of Navarre in his own hands, from the hands of their own son Charles of Viana, the rightful heir of the line of Navarrese kings. He would become King of Aragon and King of Sicily upon the death of his elder brother Alfonso V of Aragon in 1458.
Issue
editBlanche and Martin had one child together:
- Infante Martin of Aragon and Sicily (1406–1407)[3]
Blanche and John II of Aragon had four children together:
- Charles (IV) of Navarre (1421–1461)[2]
- Joan of Navarre (1423 – 22 August 1425)[3]
- Blanche (II) of Navarre (1424–1464), married Henry IV of Castile.[3] The marriage was never consummated. After 13 years of marriage, Henry sought and obtained a divorce. Blanca was sent home, where her family imprisoned her, and she was later killed by poison.[citation needed]
- Eleanor (1426–1479) Queen of Navarre (1479)[3]
References
edit- ^ Anthony (1931) states that she was the fourth-born daughter of King Charles III of Navarre by Queen Eleanor, and she was preceded by Joan, Maria and Margaret and the two latter died early. Anthony defines Blanche's exact birth date as 6 July 1387 by virtue of contemporary sources.
- ^ a b c d e f Fößel 2013, p. 77.
- ^ a b c d e Woodacre 2013, p. Chart 3.
- ^ Merriman 1918, p. 404.
- ^ Merriman 1918, p. 409.
- ^ AGN, Comptos. Caj. 135, n." 23, V. Idoate, Florencio, Catalog of the General Archive of Navarra. Section of Comptos Documents, Pamplona, Provincial Council of Navarra, 1966, Vol. XLI, doc. no. 251.
Bibliography
edit- Fößel, Amalie (2013). "The Political Traditions of Female Rulership in Medieval Europe". In Bennett, Judith M.; Karras, Ruth Mazo (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press. pp. 68–83.
- Merriman, Roger Bigelow (1918). The Rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old and in the New. Vol. 1. The Macmillan Company.
- Woodacre, Elena (2013). The Queens Regnant of Navarre. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Anthony, Raoul: Identification et Etude des Ossements des Rois de Navarre inhumés dans la Cathédrale de Lescar, Paris, Masson, 1931
- Maria Rita Lo Forte Scirpo: C'era una volta una regina ... : due donne per un regno: Maria d'Aragona e Bianca di Navarra, Napoli : Liguori, ISBN 88-207-3527-X, 2003
- Blanca I de Navarra in Auñamendi Entziklopedia
External links
edit- Marek, Miroslav. "A listing of descendants of Philip III of Navarre". Genealogy.EU.