Andrew Jackson Houston

Andrew Jackson Houston
Andrew Jackson Houston
United States Senator; from Texas
	In office; April 21, 1941 – June 26, 1941
Appointed by	W. Lee O'Daniel
Preceded by	Morris Sheppard
Succeeded by	W. Lee O'Daniel
United States Marshal for the Eastern District of Texas
	In office; June 2, 1902 – May 25, 1910
Preceded by	John Grant
Succeeded by	Dupont B. Lyon
Personal details
Born	June 21, 1854; Independence, Texas, U.S.
Died	June 26, 1941 (aged 87); Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Resting place	Texas State Cemetery, Austin, Texas
Political party	Democratic; Republican; Prohibition
Spouse(s)	Carrie Glenn Purnell (d. 1884); Elizabeth Hart Goode (d. 1907)
Children	3
Profession	Lawyer; Author; Historian

Andrew Jackson Houston (June 21, 1854 – June 26, 1941) was an American politician. He was a son of the famous Texas founder and statesman Sam Houston and his wife Margaret Lea Houston, and was named for his father's mentor Andrew Jackson. He served briefly as a United States senator in 1941, appointed to temporarily fill the vacancy left by the death of longtime Senator Morris Sheppard.

Early life

Andrew J. Houston was born in Independence, Texas, on June 21, 1854.^[1] He was educated at several military academies and colleges, including Baylor University and West Point—a member of the Class of 1875, he dropped out before graduating.^[2]^[3] He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1876.^[4]

Career

Houston c. 1910

Houston had a varied career, including serving as clerk of the federal court in Dallas, a colonel in the Texas National Guard and United States Marshal for the eastern district of Texas.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Houston ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Texas in 1892 as a lily-white Republican candidate.^[8]

During the Spanish–American War Houston raised and organized a cavalry troop which was mustered into service as part of the Rough Riders. In 1910 and 1912 he was a Prohibition Party candidate for Governor.^[9]

A longtime resident of La Porte,^[10] in 1918 he retired to study and write history. From 1924 until his Senate appointment he held a sinecure as Superintendent of the state park at the San Jacinto battleground, where his father had won the battle which led to the independence of Texas from Mexico.^[11]

United States senator

Coat of arms of Andrew Jackson Houston

Houston's semi-retirement ended in 1941, when Morris Sheppard died while representing Texas in the United States Senate.^[12]

Texas Governor W. Lee O'Daniel desired to serve in the Senate, but knew it would be politically unpopular to name himself as the interim appointee pending a special election for the remainder of Sheppard's term. Certain that the 86-year-old Houston would not run in the special election, O'Daniel appointed him to temporarily fill the vacancy.^[13] At the time of his swearing in, 82 years after his father had served in the same seat, Houston was the oldest man to enter the Senate.^[14] (The oldest person overall was Rebecca Latimer Felton).^[15]

Houston joined the Senate as a Democrat, and filled the seat from April 21, 1941, until his death. The early June trip from Texas to Washington, D.C., to begin his duties had a negative effect on Houston's health, and he attended only one committee meeting as a senator, afterwards spending most of his time hospitalized.^[16]

Death and burial

Houston died in a Baltimore, Maryland, hospital on June 26, 1941, five days after his 87th birthday.^[17] Briefly interred at Abbey Mausoleum in Arlington County, Virginia, he was later disinterred and reburied in the Texas State Cemetery.^[18]

Legacy

In the special election held a few days after Houston's death, O'Daniel defeated Lyndon B. Johnson and several other candidates, and won the seat.^[19]^[20]

Houston is one of 4 Senators (the others being William Johnson, Edmund Pettus and Strom Thurmond) to be the oldest living U.S. senator while serving and he is the only Senator subsequent to the second U.S. Congress to become the oldest living Senator upon entering office.

Family

Houston was married twice; his first wife was Carrie Glenn Purnell of Austin, who died in 1884.^[14] His second wife, Elizabeth Hart Goode of Dallas died in 1907.^[14] Houston was the father of three daughters, Ariadne, Marguerite, and Josephine;^[14]^[21] Ariadne and Marguerite largely devoted their adult lives to caring for their father.^[14] Both Ariadne and Marguerite traveled with him to Washington after his Senate appointment, and they were with him when he died.^[14]

Houston family tree

John Houston m. Margaret McClung (c.1650–1735) Ireland
- John Houston (1690–1755) m. Margaret Mary Cunningham (1694–1754), both born in Ireland and died in Virginia
  - James Houston, died in Ireland
  - Robert H. Houston (1720–1760), born in Ireland, died in Virginia m.Margaret Dunlap Davidson (b. 1720)
    - John Houston m. Anna Logan
    - Samuel Davidson Houston (1745–1807) m. Elizabeth Blair Paxton (1757–1831)
      - Paxton Houston
      - Robert Houston
      - James Houston (1782–1824) m. Rebecca G. Herndon
      - John P. Houston (1790–1838)
      - Sam Houston (1793–1863)
        m. Eliza Allen (m. 1829 div. 1837)
        
        m. Tiana "Diana" (Rogers) Gentry (m. 1830) (died 1838)
        
        m. Margaret Moffette Lea (1819–1867)^[i] m. (May 9, 1840 - his death)
        Sam Houston Jr., MD (1843–1894)^[ii] m. Lucy Anderson (1845–1886)^[iii]
        Margaret Bell Houston (1876–1966)^[iv]
        
        Nellie Houston (1879–1882)^[iv]
        
        Harry Howard Houston (1883–1935)^[iv]
        
        Nancy "Nannie" Elizabeth (1846–1920)^[ii] m. Joseph Clay Stiles Morrow (1839–1925)^[iii]
        Margaret Houston Morrow (1867–1948) m. Robert Alexander John (1864–1933)^[v]
        Jean Houston John (b.1891) m. Franklin T. Baldwin (b.1889)
        Jean Houston Baldwin (1916–2002) m. Governor Price Daniel (1910–1988)^{[a 3]}
        Price Daniel Jr. (1941–1981) Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives 1973–1975^{[a 4]}
        
        Emily Preston Morrow (1869–1892)^[v]
        
        Jennie Belle Morrow (1871–1977)^[v]
        
        Preston Morrow (1875–1909)^[v]
        
        Temple Houston Morrow (1878–1966)^[v]
        
        Elizabeth Paxton Morrow (1886–1906)^[v]
        
        Margaret Lea Houston (1848–1906)^[ii] m. Captain Weston Lafayette Williams (1835–1899)^[iii]
        Houston Williams (1869–1931)^[vi]
        
        Margaret Madge Williams (1872–1955)^[vi]
        
        Franklin Weston Williams (1874–1958)^[vi]
        
        James Royston Williams (1877–1953) ^[vi]
        
        Marian Lee Williams (b. 1880)^[vi]
        
        Mary William Houston (1850–1931)^[ii] m. John Simeon Morrow (1840–1886) ^[iii]
        John Houston Morrow (1871–1916)^[vii]
        
        Andrew Morrow (1875–1881)^[vii]
        
        Jesse Morrow (b.1876)^[vii]
        
        Jessie Lea Morrow (1885–1975)^[vii]
        
        Maude Louise Morrow (1883–1957)^[vii]
        
        Antoinette Power Houston (1852–1932)^[ii] m. Dr. William S. Lorraine Bringhurst (1844–1913)^[iii]
        Sam Houston Bringhurst (b.1874)^[viii]
        
        Charles Raguet Bringhurst (1880–1882)^[viii]
        
        William Stuart Bringhurst (b.1885)^[viii]
        
        Nettie Houston Bringhurst (1887–1935)^[viii]
        
        Anna Katherine Bringhurst (1890–1895))^[viii]
        
        Andrew Jackson Houston (1854–1941)^[ii] United States Senator
        m. Carrie Glenn Purnell (1858–1884)^[iii]
        Ariadne T. Houston (1879–1969)^[ix]
        
        Margaret Houston (1882–1943)^[ix]
        
        Carrie Marie Houston (1883–1893)^[ix]
        
        m. Elizabeth Hart Good (1864–1907)^[iii]
        Josephine Anna Houston (1889–1914)^[x]
        
        William Rogers Houston (1858–1920)^[ii]
        
        Temple Lea Houston (1860–1905)^[ii], Texas state senator 1885–1888 m. Laura Cross (1863–1938)^[iii]
        Temple Lea Houston Jr. (1884–1920)^[xi]
        
        Louise Houston (1885–1887)^[xi]
        
        Samuel Houston III (1892–1952)^[xi]
        
        Richard Caldon Houston (1895–1974)^[xi]
        Richard Temple Houston (1931-2021)
        Daniel L. Houston
        
        Sheridan E. Hollender
        
        Mark P. Houston
        
        Mary Houston (1898–1977)^[xi]
      - William Houston m. Mary Ball
      - Isabella Houston
      - Mary Houston
        m. Col. Matthew Wallace
        
        m. Gen. William Wallace
      - Eliza Houston m. Samuel Moore
    - Bettie Houston m. James McClung
    - Margaret Houston
    - Esther Houston
    - Mary Houston
  - Isabelia Houston
  - Esther Houston
  - John Houston
  - Samuel Nelson Houston m. Susan (Strickler)
    - Henry H. Houston
  - Mathew Houston

Notes

^ Married Samuel Houston.^{[a 1]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Child of Samuel and Margaret Houston.^{[a 1]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Married.^{[a 1]}
^ ^a ^b ^c Child of Sam and Lucy.^{[a 2]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Child of Nancy and Joseph.^{[a 1]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Child of Margaret and Weston.^{[a 1]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Child of Mary and John.^{[a 1]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Child of Antoinette and William.^{[a 1]}
^ ^a ^b ^c Child of Andrew and Carrie.^{[a 1]}
^ Child of Andrew and Elizabeth.^{[a 1]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Child of Temple and Laura.^{[a 1]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Roberts, Madge Thornall (1993). Star of Destiny: The Private Life of Sam and Margaret Houston. University of North Texas Press. Appendix B - Descendants of Sam And Margaret Houston (pp. 373–379) and Appendix C - Genealogy of The Lea And Houston Families (pp. 380–382).
^ SR staff (November 26, 2013), "Samuel Houston Family Tree", Star of the Republic Museum, Blinn College, retrieved April 21, 2015 Second Generation
^ TWU staff (February 26, 2017). "Jean Houston Baldwin Daniel - TWU Texas First Ladies Gown Collection". Texas Woman's University. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
^ Daniel, Murph (July 5, 2017) [1995], "Marion Price Daniel, Jr.", Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association, retrieved March 11, 2016

Bibliography

Ellis, Franklin; Evans, Samuel (1883). History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: With Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men. Everts & Peck. pp. 591–592.

References

^ Texas Heritage Foundation, Texas Heritage, Volume 1, 1959, page 100
^ West Texas Historical Association, West Texas Historical Association Year Book, Volumes 23–25, 1947, page 56
^ Texas Heritage Commission, Under Texas Skies, Volume 2, 1946, page 97
^ Ralph Henderson Shuffler, The Houstons at Independence, 1966, pages 75–76
^ U.S. Government Printing Office, Official Register of the United States, Volume 1, 1879, page 439
^ United States War Department, Annual Report, Volume 5, 1892, page 235
^ U.S. Government Printing Office, United States Congressional Serial Set, Issue 4773, 1905, page 90
^ New York Times, "A Hot Fight in Texas", September 7, 1892
^ Christian Science Monitor, "Obituary, A. J. Houston", June 27, 1941
^ "Death Ends Career of Houston, Solon For Just 24 Days". Paris News. Paris Texas. Associated Press. June 27, 1941. pp. 1, 2.
^ Ralph Henderson Shuffler, The Houstons at Independence, 1966, page 76
^ Associated Press, Deseret News, Sen. Sheppard, of Prohibition Fame, is Dead, April 9, 1941
^ Associated Press, San Antonio Express, Andrew Jackson Houston Named Texas Senator, April 22, 1941
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Death Ends Career of Houston", pp. 1, 3.
^ Associated Press, Paris (Texas) News, Death Ends Career of Houston, June 27, 1941
^ Andrew Jackson Houston at www.cemetery.state.tx.us
^ United Press, Madison (Wisconsin) State Journal, Houston, Aged Texas Senator, Dies, June 27, 1941
^ Ben R. Guttery, Representing Texas, 2007, page 83
^ Paris (Texas) News, O'Daniel Takes Lead of 379 in Senate Contest, July 1, 1941
^ Associated Press, Big Springs Daily Herald, O'Daniel Takes Seat in Senate, August 4, 1941
^ Armstrong, Zella (1922). Notable Southern Families. Vol. 2. Chattanooga, TN: Lookout Publishing Co. p. 183.

External links

United States Congress. "Andrew Jackson Houston (id: H000821)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Andrew Jackson Houston from the Handbook of Texas Online
Texas State Cemetery Honored Texans Biography
Military Maps of the Texas Revolution by Andrew Jackson Houston, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
Andrew Jackson Houston, Late a Senator from Texas, 1944, U.S. Government Printing Office

U.S. Senate
Preceded by John Morris Sheppard	U.S. senator (Class 2) from Texas April 21, 1941 – June 26, 1941	Succeeded by W. Lee O'Daniel
Honorary titles
Preceded by Fountain Thompson	Oldest living U.S. senator April 21, 1941 – June 26, 1941	Succeeded by Fountain Thompson

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

[23] Married Samuel Houston.^{[a 1]}

[SR_staff_2013,_1st_issue-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Child of Samuel and Margaret Houston.^{[a 1]}

[SR_staff_2013,_2nd_Mrd-25] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Married.^{[a 1]}

["SR_staff_2013,_2nd_issue_S&L-27] Child of Sam and Lucy.^{[a 2]}

[SR_staff_2013,_2nd_issue_N&J-28] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Child of Nancy and Joseph.^{[a 1]}

[SR_staff_2013,_2nd_issue_M&W-31] Child of Margaret and Weston.^{[a 1]}

[SR_staff_2013,_2nd_issue_M&J-32] Child of Mary and John.^{[a 1]}

[SR_staff_2013,_2nd_issue_A&W-33] Child of Antoinette and William.^{[a 1]}

[SR_staff_2013,_2nd_issue_A&C-34] Child of Andrew and Carrie.^{[a 1]}

[35] Child of Andrew and Elizabeth.^{[a 1]}

[SR_staff_2013,_2nd_issue_T&L-36] Child of Temple and Laura.^{[a 1]}

[robert-22] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Roberts, Madge Thornall (1993). Star of Destiny: The Private Life of Sam and Margaret Houston. University of North Texas Press. Appendix B - Descendants of Sam And Margaret Houston (pp. 373–379) and Appendix C - Genealogy of The Lea And Houston Families (pp. 380–382).

[26] SR staff (November 26, 2013), "Samuel Houston Family Tree", Star of the Republic Museum, Blinn College, retrieved April 21, 2015 Second Generation

[29] TWU staff (February 26, 2017). "Jean Houston Baldwin Daniel - TWU Texas First Ladies Gown Collection". Texas Woman's University. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2021.

[30] Daniel, Murph (July 5, 2017) [1995], "Marion Price Daniel, Jr.", Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association, retrieved March 11, 2016

[1] Texas Heritage Foundation, Texas Heritage, Volume 1, 1959, page 100

[2] West Texas Historical Association, West Texas Historical Association Year Book, Volumes 23–25, 1947, page 56

[3] Texas Heritage Commission, Under Texas Skies, Volume 2, 1946, page 97

[4] Ralph Henderson Shuffler, The Houstons at Independence, 1966, pages 75–76

[5] U.S. Government Printing Office, Official Register of the United States, Volume 1, 1879, page 439

[6] United States War Department, Annual Report, Volume 5, 1892, page 235

[7] U.S. Government Printing Office, United States Congressional Serial Set, Issue 4773, 1905, page 90

[8] New York Times, "A Hot Fight in Texas", September 7, 1892

[9] Christian Science Monitor, "Obituary, A. J. Houston", June 27, 1941

[10] "Death Ends Career of Houston, Solon For Just 24 Days". Paris News. Paris Texas. Associated Press. June 27, 1941. pp. 1, 2.

[11] Ralph Henderson Shuffler, The Houstons at Independence, 1966, page 76

[12] Associated Press, Deseret News, Sen. Sheppard, of Prohibition Fame, is Dead, April 9, 1941

[13] Associated Press, San Antonio Express, Andrew Jackson Houston Named Texas Senator, April 22, 1941

[FOOTNOTE"Death_Ends_Career_of_Houston"1,_3-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Death Ends Career of Houston", pp. 1, 3.

[15] Associated Press, Paris (Texas) News, Death Ends Career of Houston, June 27, 1941

[16] Andrew Jackson Houston at www.cemetery.state.tx.us

[17] United Press, Madison (Wisconsin) State Journal, Houston, Aged Texas Senator, Dies, June 27, 1941

[18] Ben R. Guttery, Representing Texas, 2007, page 83

[19] Paris (Texas) News, O'Daniel Takes Lead of 379 in Senate Contest, July 1, 1941

[20] Associated Press, Big Springs Daily Herald, O'Daniel Takes Seat in Senate, August 4, 1941

[21] Armstrong, Zella (1922). Notable Southern Families. Vol. 2. Chattanooga, TN: Lookout Publishing Co. p. 183.

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