Wikipedia

Akio Mori

This article is about the Japanese professor and writer. For the karateka born as Akio Mori, see Musashi (kickboxer).

Akio Mori (森 昭雄, Mori Akio, born February 5, 1947, in Hokkaidō) is a Japanese physiologist, sports scientist and writer. He is also the founder and the former head of the Japanese learned society Japanese Society of Health and Behavior Sciences (日本健康行動科学会, Nihon Kenkō Kodō Kagakukai).

Akio Mori
Born (1947-02-05) February 5, 1947 (age 77)
Hokkaidō, Japan
NationalityJapanese
Occupation(s)Writer, professor
Known forThe physiology investigations of cats, the institution of the Japanese Society of Health and Behavior Sciences and the books of his pedagogy research in the context of the brain science

Mori was originally known for his physiology researches, but began to write books about human neuroscience, coining the term "game brain" in his 2002 book Game Nō no Kyōfu (ゲーム脳の恐怖, Gēmu Nō no Kyōfu, "The Fear of Game Brain"). He claimed that the brains of people who played video games were physically damaged.[1][2][3] Game Nō no Kyōfu received much attention from critics such as Tamaki Saitō.[4]

Mori's activities expanded into other genres such as journalism and politics due to the popularity of his books, though his theory about human brains was pointed out to be pseudoscientific. Japanese critic Hiroo Yamagata compared the book Game Nō no Kyōfu with the following movement of Messages from Water because those theories became popular via Japanese mass media without scientific backgrounds.[4]

Life and career

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1969–2002: Early career and research

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Born in Hokkaidō,[5] Mori graduated from the College of Humanities and Sciences of the Nihon University in 1969 and graduated from the Graduate School of Literatures of the Nihon University in 1971.[6] Getting the academic degree Doctor of Medicine, he became a professor of the Nihon University,[5] though he toured the Rockefeller University as a researcher and the Queen's University as a visiting scholar before that.[7][8]

Originally, Mori was known[by whom? – Discuss] for his many scientific researches about cats' physiology such as the collaborative work "Input-output relationships in cat's motor cortex after pyramidal section" released in 1981,[9] the collaborative work "Low threshold motor effects produced by stimulation of area preinsularis (2pr.i) of the secondary sensory cortex in the cat; Input-output relationships" released in 1983,[10] the collaborative work "Physiological properties and patterns of projection in the cortico-cortical connections from the second somatosensory cortex to the motor cortex, area 4 gamma, in the cat" released in 1989,[11] the collaborative work "Fifth somatosensory cortex (SV) representation of the whole body surface in the medial bank of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus of the cat" released in 1991,[12] the collaborative work "Low-threshold motor effects produced by stimulation of the facial area of the fifth somatosensory cortex in the cat" released in 1993,[13] the collaborative work "The ipsilateral and contralateral connections of the fifth somatosensory area (SV) in the cat cerebral cortex" released in 1996,[14] and his solo work "Cortico-cortical connections from somatosensory areas to the motor area of the cortex following peripheral nerve lesion in the cat" released in 1997.[15]

On March 26, 2000, Mori was awarded the commendation certificate Einen Kinzoku (永年勤続, lit. "Long-Year Working") by the Nihon University for working with the University for 30 years.[16] He also researched the human actions of sports such as kendo along with two other researchers, announcing the collaborative work "Two types of movement-related cortical potentials preceding wrist extension in humans" via the journal NeuroReport in July 2001.[17] He established the Japanese Society of Health and Behavior Sciences in 2002, becoming the board chairperson of the society.[7] It was later admitted as an associated party by the Japanese scientific organization, Science Council of Japan, on April 13, 2006.[18][19]

Mori attained the degree of Doctor of Medicine, but did not become interested in researching the relationships between video games and human neuroscience until he met a programmer of computer software around 2000 when he made a new electroencephalograph.[5]

2002–present: Literary career and political activities

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On July 10, 2002, the Japan Broadcast Publishing (or NHK Shuppan) published the independent book Game Nō no Kyōfu, written by Mori, as a part of the Seikatsujin Shinsho (生活人新書, lit. "Life Human New Book") series. According to the 2006 interview to Shiro Hayashi (林 史郎, Hayashi Shirō), the chief editor of Seikatsujin Shinsho, Game Nō no Kyōfu sold over 100,000 copies, becoming the best-selling book of the series.[20] Additionally, the book was translated into traditional Chinese characters under the title Xiao Xin Dian Wan Nao! in 2005.[21] Mori commenced research into the effects of video games on a child's mind.[1] He has cited various violent crime committed by juveniles who played video games to support his position. His position is that playing video games can cause damage to a child's brain, but the theory was heavily criticized.[2][22]

In 2004, Mori also claimed that the brains of people who used mobile e-mails were also damaged, calling those "mail brain" (メール脳, mēru nō).[23]

On October 19, 2004, the Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association announced that the neuroscientific works of Mori and Ryuta Kawashima about video games had insufficient evidence to claim something.[24] In 2005, however, Mori and Kawashima took part in a series of convocations, held by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan as a part of its activities for creating its guidelines of Japanese schools' operation.[25]

In addition, Mori's book Genki na Nō no Tsukurikata: Ningen Rashisa o Hagukunde Suteki na Otona ni Narutameni (元気な脳のつくりかた―人間らしさを育んで、すてきな大人になるために, "The Way to Make the Healthy Brains: For Nurturing Humanities and Becoming Beautiful Adults"), published on August 1, 2006, was selected as the Japan National Council of Parent-Teacher Association's "recommended book" at that time.[26]

Mori also recommend Iida Denshi's Nōchō series highly as intelligible goods with his research.[27] The series are CDs recording the speeches such as Heart Sutra and won the creative award at the Utsukushima Monozukuri awards presented by Fukushima Prefecture in January 2007.[28]

In 2008, Mori resigned from the head of the Japanese Society of Health and Behavior Sciences, being replaced by Shinji Murakami of Hokkaido University.[29]

On April 16, 2008, Senichi Club, a communication club comprising the readers of Sekai Nippō, the Japanese division of the World Times, invited Mori over a lecture meeting at Shibuya, in which Mori cited India as an advanced country of information technology.[30]

Since the professors in different fields such as literatures took part in the brain science when the theory of game brain was becoming popular, the Japan Neuroscience Society announced the new ethical code on January 8, 2010, seeking the scientific sources against the groundless theories.[31][32]

Published works

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Independent books

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  • Mori, Akio (July 2002). Game Nō no Kyōfu (ゲーム脳の恐怖, Gēmu Nō no Kyōfu, "The Fear of Game Brain") (Japan Broadcast Publishing) ISBN 4-14-088036-8
  • Mori, Akio (July 2004). IT ni Korosareru Kodomotachi: Manen Suru Game Nō (ITに殺される子どもたち―蔓延するゲーム脳, Aitī ni Korosareru Kodomotachi Man'ensuru Gēmu Nō, "Children Killed by Information Technology: Spreading Game Brain") (Kodansha) ISBN 4-06-212475-0
  • Mori, Akio (August 2006). Genki na Nō no Tsukurikata: Ningen Rashisa o Hagukunde Suteki na Otona ni Narutameni (元気な脳のつくりかた―人間らしさを育んで、すてきな大人になるために, "The Way to Make the Healthy Brains: For Nurturing Humanities and Becoming Beautiful Adults") (Juniors' Visual Journal) ISBN 4-87981-222-6
  • Mori, Akio (September 2007). "Nōryoku" Teika Shakai: IT to Game wa Kodomo ni Nani o Motarasuka (「脳力」低下社会―ITとゲームは子どもに何をもたらすか, Nōryoku Teika Shakai: Aitī to Gēmu wa Kodomo ni Nani o Motarasuka, "Brain Power Declining Society: What Information Technology and Game Effect on Children") (PHP Institute) ISBN 4-569-69400-4

Journal articles

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  • Shimamura, Muneo & Mori, Akio (1982). "Sensory evoked potentials and their changes with respiration in man and cat". Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Supplement. 36: 297–304. PMID 6962025.
  • Mori, A.; Waters, R.S.; Asanuma, H. (1983). "Low threshold motor effects produced by stimulation of area preinsularis (2pr.i) of the secondary sensory cortex in the cat; Input-output relationships". Experimental Brain Research. 51: 108–16. doi:10.1007/BF00236808. S2CID 6134155.
  • Mori, A.; Babb, R.S.; Waters, R.S.; Asanuma, H. (1985). "Motor effects produced by stimulation of secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex in the monkey". Experimental Brain Research. 58 (3): 440–2. doi:10.1007/BF00235861. PMID 4007087. S2CID 23570136.
  • Mori, A; Waters, RS; Asanuma, H (1989). "Physiological properties and patterns of projection in the cortico-cortical connections from the second somatosensory cortex to the motor cortex, area 4γ, in the cat". Brain Research. 504 (2): 206–10. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91358-9. PMID 2598023. S2CID 42165456.
  • Mori, A; Hanashima, N; Tsuboi, Y; Hiraba, H; Goto, N; Sumino, R (1991). "Fifth somatosensory cortex (SV) representation of the whole body surface in the medial bank of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus of the cat". Neuroscience Research. 11 (3): 198–208. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90043-X. PMID 1661871. S2CID 27266213.
  • Mori, Akio; Fuwa, Tatsu; Kawai, Akira; Yoshimoto, Toshiaki; Hiraba, Yasuo; Uchiyama, Yasushi; Minejima, Takao (1996). "The ipsilateral and contralateral connections of the fifth somatosensory area (SV) in the cat cerebral cortex". NeuroReport. 7 (14): 2385–7. doi:10.1097/00001756-199610020-00021. PMID 8951857.
  • Mori, Akio (1997). "Cortico-cortical connections from somatosensory areas to the motor area of the cortex following peripheral nerve lesion in the cat". NeuroReport. 8 (17): 3723–6. doi:10.1097/00001756-199712010-00013. PMID 9427358. S2CID 32691719.
  • Kita, Yasunori; Mori, Akio; Nara, Masayuki (2001). "Two types of movement-related cortical potentials preceding wrist extension in humans". NeuroReport. 12 (10): 2221–5. doi:10.1097/00001756-200107200-00035. PMID 11447338. S2CID 41624946.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Computer games 'make you moody'". CBBC. BBC. July 10, 2002. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  2. ^ a b Hall, Kenji (July 11, 2002). "Video games cause irritability: study". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  3. ^ Bruch, Iain S. (July 28, 2002). "Official: video games are bad for your brain". Sunday Tribune. Retrieved August 3, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ a b Yamagata, Hiroo (February 2007). 今月のおすすめ記事 2007年2月号 (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved June 2, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  5. ^ a b c Takahashi, Kōki (July 2002). 生活人新書 ゲーム脳の恐怖 (in Japanese). Japan Broadcast Publishing. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  6. ^ "Akio Mori" (in Japanese). Nihon University. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  7. ^ a b "「脳力」低下社会 ITとゲームは子どもに何をもたらすか" (in Japanese). Rakuten. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  8. ^ 師範塾 親学フォーラム・イン福岡報告書 (in Japanese). Nippon Foundation. 2006. p. 2. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  9. ^ Asanuma, H; Babb, RS; Mori, A; Waters, RS (1981). "Input-output relationships in cat's motor cortex after pyramidal section". Journal of Neurophysiology. 46 (3): 694–703. doi:10.1152/jn.1981.46.3.694. PMID 7299442.
  10. ^ Mori, A.; Waters, R.S.; Asanuma, H. (1983). "Low threshold motor effects produced by stimulation of area preinsularis (2pr.i) of the secondary sensory cortex in the cat; Input-output relationships". Experimental Brain Research. 51 (1): 108–16. doi:10.1007/BF00236808. PMID 6309545. S2CID 6134155.
  11. ^ Mori, A; Waters, RS; Asanuma, H (1989). "Physiological properties and patterns of projection in the cortico-cortical connections from the second somatosensory cortex to the motor cortex, area 4γ, in the cat". Brain Research. 504 (2): 206–10. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91358-9. PMID 2598023. S2CID 42165456.
  12. ^ Mori, A; Hanashima, N; Tsuboi, Y; Hiraba, H; Goto, N; Sumino, R (1991). "Fifth somatosensory cortex (SV) representation of the whole body surface in the medial bank of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus of the cat". Neuroscience Research. 11 (3): 198–208. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90043-X. PMID 1661871. S2CID 27266213.
  13. ^ Mori, A; Yamaguchi, Y; Kikuta, R; Furukawa, T; Sumino, R (1993). "Low-threshold motor effects produced by stimulation of the facial area of the fifth somatosensory cortex in the cat". Brain Research. 602 (1): 143–7. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90254-K. PMID 8448652. S2CID 24406423.
  14. ^ Mori, Akio; Fuwa, Tatsu; Kawai, Akira; Yoshimoto, Toshiaki; Hiraba, Yasuo; Uchiyama, Yasushi; Minejima, Takao (1996). "The ipsilateral and contralateral connections of the fifth somatosensory area (SV) in the cat cerebral cortex". NeuroReport. 7 (14): 2385–7. doi:10.1097/00001756-199610020-00021. PMID 8951857.
  15. ^ Mori, Akio (1997). "Cortico-cortical connections from somatosensory areas to the motor area of the cortex following peripheral nerve lesion in the cat". NeuroReport. 8 (17): 3723–6. doi:10.1097/00001756-199712010-00013. PMID 9427358. S2CID 32691719.
  16. ^ 平成１２年度永年・多年勤続者表彰式開催 (in Japanese). Nihon University. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  17. ^ Kita, Yasunori; Mori, Akio; Nara, Masayuki (2001). "Two types of movement-related cortical potentials preceding wrist extension in humans". NeuroReport. 12 (10): 2221–5. doi:10.1097/00001756-200107200-00035. PMID 11447338. S2CID 41624946.
  18. ^ Mori, Akio (May 2006). 日本学術会議協力学術研究団体の称号の付与について. Japanese Society of Health and Behavior Sciences (in Japanese). Dream Train Internet. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
  19. ^ Fujiwara, Katsuo. 理事長御挨拶. Japanese Society of Health and Behavior Sciences (in Japanese). Kanazawa University. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
  20. ^ "売上げ好調は、"脳"とNHKならではの文化的テーマ" (in Japanese). Rensō Shuppan. December 22, 2006. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
  21. ^ "Xiao Xin Dian Wan Nao!". YesAsia. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  22. ^ Phillips, Helen (July 11, 2002). "Video game "brain damage" claim criticised". New Scientist. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  23. ^ Takii, Hiroomi (September 30, 2004). 痴呆のような『メール脳』 中高生の脳波調査 森・日大教授が指摘 (in Japanese). Tokyo Shimbun. Archived from the original on October 9, 2004. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  24. ^ "CESA「ゲーム脳」に対する調査報告書を公開". SoftBank Games (in Japanese). ITmedia. October 20, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
  25. ^ "平成17年度学校法人の運営等に関する協議会配付資料 ［初児－4］ 5 検討会の検討内容等" (in Japanese). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  26. ^ 元気な脳のつくりかた (in Japanese). Juniors' Visual Journal. Archived from the original on October 10, 2006. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  27. ^ 飯田電子設計 脳聴シリーズ 説明 (in Japanese). Iida Denshi. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
  28. ^ 飯田電子設計株式会社 脳聴 (in Japanese). Iida Denshi. Archived from the original on August 22, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
  29. ^ Takahashi, Hitomi (2009). 日本健康行動科学会 第8回学術大会. Japanese Society of Health and Behavior Sciences (in Japanese). Momoyama Gakuin University. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  30. ^ "2008-04-16 (水) 【世日クラブ講演会】教育に見る日本の危機" (in Japanese). Senichi Club. Retrieved May 31, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  31. ^ 「ゲーム脳」など脳研究で俗説、倫理指針を改定…神経科学学会 (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. January 9, 2010. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  32. ^ Sugimori, Jun (January 22, 2010). 気になる！ 見極め大切、脳科学神話 (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
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