April 1

April 1 in recent years
2024 (Monday)
2023 (Saturday)
2022 (Friday)
2021 (Thursday)
2020 (Wednesday)
2019 (Monday)
2018 (Sunday)
2017 (Saturday)
2016 (Friday)
2015 (Wednesday)

April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 274 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.^[1]
1081 – Alexios I Komnenos overthrows the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates,^[2] and, after his troops spend three days extensively looting Constantinople, is formally crowned on April 4.^[3]
1572 – In the Eighty Years' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Seventeen Provinces, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.^[4]

1601–1900

1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives achieves its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first Speaker.^[5]
1833 – The Convention of 1833, a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas to help draft a series of petitions to the Mexican government, begins in San Felipe de Austin.^[6]
1865 – American Civil War: Union troops led by Philip Sheridan decisively defeat Confederate troops led by George Pickett, cutting the Army of Northern Virginia's last supply line during the Siege of Petersburg.^[7]
1867 – Singapore becomes a British crown colony.^[8]
1873 – The White Star steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547 in one of the worst marine disasters of the 19th century.^[9]
1900 – Prince George becomes absolute monarch of the Cretan State.^[10]

1901–present

1908 – The Territorial Force (renamed Territorial Army in 1920) is formed as a volunteer reserve component of the British Army.^[11]
1918 – The Royal Air Force is created by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.^[12]
1922 – In newly formed Northern Ireland, six Catholics are murdered in the Arnon Street killings, one week after six others were killed in the McMahon killings.^[13]
1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years imprisonment for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch" but spends only nine months in jail.^[14]
1924 – The Royal Canadian Air Force is formed.^[15]
1933 – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in a series of anti-Semitic acts.^[16]
1935 – India's central banking institution, the Reserve Bank of India, is formed.^[17]
1937 – Aden becomes a British crown colony.
1937 – The Royal New Zealand Air Force is formed as an independent service.^[18]
1939 – Spanish Civil War: Generalísimo Francisco Franco of the Spanish State announces the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the last of the Republican forces surrender.^[19]
1941 – Fântâna Albă massacre: Between two hundred and two thousand Romanian civilians are killed by Soviet Border Troops.^[20]
1941 – A military coup in Iraq overthrows the regime of 'Abd al-Ilah and installs Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as Prime Minister.^[21]
1944 – World War II: Navigation errors lead to an accidental American bombing of the Swiss city of Schaffhausen.^[22]
1945 – World War II: The Tenth United States Army attacks the Thirty-Second Japanese Army on Okinawa.^[23]
1946 – The 8.6 M_w  Aleutian Islands earthquake shakes the Aleutian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). A destructive tsunami reaches the Hawaiian Islands resulting in dozens of deaths, mostly in Hilo, Hawaii.^[24]
1946 – The Malayan Union is established. Protests from locals led to the establishment of the Federation of Malaya two years later.^[25]
1947 – The only mutiny in the history of the Royal New Zealand Navy begins.^[26]
1948 – Cold War: Communist forces respond to the introduction of the Deutsche Mark by attempting to force the western powers to withdraw from Berlin.^[27]
1948 – Faroe Islands gain autonomy from Denmark.^[28]
1949 – Chinese Civil War: The Chinese Communist Party holds unsuccessful peace talks with the Nationalist Party in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
1949 – The Government of Canada repeals Japanese-Canadian internment after seven years.^[29]
1954 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado.^[30]
1955 – The EOKA rebellion against the British Empire begins in Cyprus, with the goal of unifying with Greece.^[31]
1960 – The TIROS-1 satellite transmits the first television picture from space.^[32]
1964 – The British Admiralty, War Office and Air Ministry are replaced by a unified Defence Council of the United Kingdom.^[33]
1969 – The Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first operational fighter aircraft with Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing capabilities, enters service with the Royal Air Force.^[34]
1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law.^[35]
1970 – A Royal Air Maroc Sud Aviation Caravelle crashes near Berrechid, Morocco, killing 61.^[36]
1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army massacre more than a thousand people in Keraniganj Upazila, Bangladesh.
1973 – Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Jim Corbett National Park, India.
1974 – The Local Government Act 1972 of England and Wales comes into effect.^[37]
1976 – Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak found Apple Computer, Inc.^[38]
1979 – Iran becomes an Islamic republic by a 99% vote, officially overthrowing the Shah.^[39]
1984 – Singer Marvin Gaye is shot to death by his father in his home in Arlington Heights, Los Angeles, California.^[40]
1986 – Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) cadres attack a number of police stations in Kathmandu, seeking to incite a popular rebellion.^[41]
1989 – Margaret Thatcher's new local government tax, the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), is introduced in Scotland.^[42]
1993 – NASCAR racer Alan Kulwicki is killed in a plane crash near the Tri-Cities Regional Airport in Blountville, Tennessee.^[43]
1997 – Comet Hale–Bopp is seen passing at perihelion.^[44]
1999 – Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved out of the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.^[45]
2001 – An EP-3E United States Navy surveillance aircraft collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army Shenyang J-8 fighter jet. The Chinese pilot ejected but is subsequently lost. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, China and is detained.^[46]
2001 – Former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on war crimes charges.^[47]
2001 – Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Netherlands, the first contemporary country to allow it.^[48]
2004 – Google launches its Email service Gmail.^[49]
2006 – Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) of the Government of the United Kingdom is enforced, but later merged into National Crime Agency on 7 October 2013.
2011 – After protests against the burning of the Quran turn violent, a mob attacks a United Nations compound in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan, resulting in the deaths of fourteen people, including seven UN workers.^[50]
2016 – The 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict begins along the Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact.^[51]

Births

Pre-1600

1220 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (d. 1272)
1282 – Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1347)
1328 – Blanche of France, Duchess of Orléans (d. 1382)
1543 – François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières (d. 1626)
1578 – William Harvey, English physician and academic (d. 1657)^[52]

1601–1900

1610 – Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier and critic (d. 1703)
1629 – Jean-Henri d'Anglebert, French organist and composer (d. 1691)
1640 – Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician and academic (d. 1697)
1647 – John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet and courtier (d. 1680)
1697 – Antoine François Prévost, French novelist and translator (d. 1763)^[53]
1721 – Pieter Hellendaal, Dutch-English organist, violinist, and composer (d. 1799)
1741 – George Dance the Younger, English architect and surveyor (d. 1825)
1753 – Joseph de Maistre, French philosopher, lawyer, and diplomat (d. 1821)
1765 – Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver and etcher (d. 1810)
1776 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (d. 1831)^[54]
1786 – William Mulready, Irish genre painter (d. 1863)
1815 – Otto von Bismarck, German lawyer and politician, 1st Chancellor of the German Empire (d. 1898)^[55]
1815 – Edward Clark, American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of Texas (d. 1880)
1823 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, American general and politician, 30th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1891)
1824 – Louis-Zéphirin Moreau, Canadian bishop (d. 1901)
1834 – James Fisk, American businessman (d. 1872)^[56]
1852 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter and illustrator (d. 1911)
1858 – Columba Marmion, Irish Benedictine abbot (d. 1923)^[57]
1865 – Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1929)
1866 – William Blomfield, New Zealand cartoonist and politician (d. 1938)
1866 – Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1924)
1866 – Ève Lavallière, French actress (d. 1929)^[58]
1868 – Edmond Rostand, French poet and playwright (d. 1918)
1868 – Walter Mead, English cricketer (d. 1954)
1871 – F. Melius Christiansen, Norwegian-American violinist and conductor (d. 1955)
1873 – Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1943)
1874 – Ernest Barnes, English mathematician and theologian (d. 1953)
1874 – Prince Karl of Bavaria (d. 1927)
1875 – Edgar Wallace, English journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1932)
1878 – C. Ganesha Iyer, Ceylon Tamil philologist (d. 1958)
1879 – Stanislaus Zbyszko, Polish wrestler and strongman (d. 1967)
1881 – Octavian Goga, Romanian Prime Minister (d. 1938)
1883 – Lon Chaney, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1930)
1883 – Edvard Drabløs, Norwegian actor and director (d. 1976)
1883 – Laurette Taylor, Irish-American actress (d. 1946)
1885 – Wallace Beery, American actor (d. 1949)
1885 – Clementine Churchill, English wife of Winston Churchill (d. 1977)
1889 – K. B. Hedgewar, Indian physician and activist (d. 1940)
1893 – Cicely Courtneidge, Australian-English actress (d. 1980)
1895 – Alberta Hunter, African-American singer-songwriter and nurse (d. 1984)
1898 – William James Sidis, Ukrainian-Russian Jewish American mathematician, anthropologist, and historian (d. 1944)
1899 – Gustavs Celmiņš, Latvian academic and politician (d. 1968)
1900 – Stefanie Clausen, Danish Olympic diver (d. 1981)^[59]

1901–present

1901 – Whittaker Chambers, American journalist and spy (d. 1961)
1902 – Maria Polydouri, Greek poet (d. 1930)^[60]
1905 – Gaston Eyskens, Belgian economist and politician, 47th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1988)
1905 – Paul Hasluck, Australian historian, poet, and politician, 17th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1993)
1906 – Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, Russian engineer, founded the Yakovlev Design Bureau (d. 1989)
1907 – Shivakumara Swami, Indian religious leader and philanthropist (d. 2019)
1908 – Abraham Maslow, American psychologist and academic (d. 1970)
1908 – Harlow Rothert, American shot putter, lawyer, and academic (d. 1997)
1909 – Abner Biberman, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1977)
1909 – Eddy Duchin, American pianist and bandleader (d. 1951)
1910 – Harry Carney, American saxophonist and clarinet player (d. 1974)
1910 – Bob Van Osdel, American high jumper and soldier (d. 1987)
1911 – Augusta Braxton Baker, African American librarian (d. 1998)^[61]
1913 – Memos Makris, Greek sculptor (d. 1993)
1915 – O. W. Fischer, Austrian-Swiss actor and director (d. 2004)
1916 – Sheila May Edmonds, British mathematician (d. 2002)^[62]
1917 – Sydney Newman, Canadian screenwriter and producer, co-created Doctor Who (d. 1997)
1917 – Melville Shavelson, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
1919 – Joseph Murray, American surgeon and soldier, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
1920 – Toshiro Mifune, Japanese actor (d. 1997)
1921 – William Bergsma, American composer and educator (d. 1994)
1921 – Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, American guitarist, fiddler, and composer (d. 2014)
1922 – Duke Jordan, American pianist and composer (d. 2006)
1922 – William Manchester, American historian and author (d. 2004)
1924 – Brendan Byrne, American lieutenant, judge, and politician, 47th Governor of New Jersey (d. 2018)
1926 – Anne McCaffrey, American-Irish author (d. 2011)
1927 – Walter Bahr, American soccer player, coach, and manager (d. 2018)
1927 – Amos Milburn, American R&B singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1980)
1927 – Ferenc Puskás, Hungarian footballer and manager (d. 2006)^[63]
1929 – Jonathan Haze, American actor, producer, screenwriter, and production manager
1929 – Milan Kundera, Czech-French novelist, poet, and playwright (d. 2023)^[64]
1929 – Payut Ngaokrachang, Thai animator and director (d. 2010)
1929 – Jane Powell, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2021)
1930 – Grace Lee Whitney, American actress and singer (d. 2015)^[65]
1931 – George Baker, Bulgarian-English actor and screenwriter (d. 2011)
1931 – Rolf Hochhuth, German author and playwright (d. 2020)
1932 – Debbie Reynolds, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2016)^[66]
1933 – Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Algerian-French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1933 – Dan Flavin, American sculptor and educator (d. 1996)
1933 – Bengt Holbek, Danish folklorist (d. 1992)^[67]
1934 – Vladimir Posner, French-American journalist and radio host
1935 – Larry McDonald, American physician and politician (d. 1983)
1936 – Peter Collinson, English-American director and producer (d. 1980)
1936 – Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, Swiss politician, 80th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1998)
1936 – Tarun Gogoi, Indian politician, 14th Chief Minister of Assam (d. 2020)
1936 – Abdul Qadeer Khan, Indian-Pakistani physicist, chemist, and engineer (d. 2021)
1937 – Jordan Charney, American actor^[68]
1937 – Yılmaz Güney, Palme d'Or award-winning Kurdish film director, scenarist, actor, novelist and activist (d. 1984)^[69]
1939 – Ali MacGraw, American model and actress
1939 – Phil Niekro, American baseball player and manager (d. 2020)
1940 – Wangari Maathai, Kenyan environmentalist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
1941 – Gideon Gadot, Israeli journalist and politician (d. 2012)
1941 – Ajit Wadekar, Indian cricketer, coach, and manager (d. 2018)
1942 – Samuel R. Delany, American author and critic
1942 – Richard D. Wolff, American economist and academic
1943 – Dafydd Wigley, Welsh academic and politician
1943 – Titina Silá, Bissau-Guinean revolutionary (d. 1973)^[70]
1946 – Nikitas Kaklamanis, Greek academic and politician, Greek Minister of Health and Social Security
1946 – Ronnie Lane, English bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 1997)
1946 – Arrigo Sacchi, Italian footballer, coach, and manager^[71]
1947 – Alain Connes, French mathematician and academic
1948 – Javier Irureta, Spanish footballer and manager
1948 – Peter Law, Welsh politician and independent Member of Parliament (d. 2006)^[72]
1949 – Gérard Mestrallet, French businessman
1949 – Paul Manafort, American lobbyist, political consultant, and convicted felon^[73]
1949 – Sammy Nelson, Northern Irish footballer and coach
1949 – Gil Scott-Heron, American singer-songwriter and author (d. 2011)
1950 – Samuel Alito, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
1950 – Loris Kessel, Swiss racing driver (d. 2010)
1950 – Daniel Paillé, Canadian academic and politician
1951 – John Abizaid, American general
1952 – Annette O'Toole, American actress
1952 – Bernard Stiegler, French philosopher and academic (d. 2020)
1953 – Barry Sonnenfeld, American cinematographer, director, and producer
1953 – Alberto Zaccheroni, Italian footballer and manager
1954 – Jeff Porcaro, American drummer, songwriter, and producer (d. 1992)
1955 – Don Hasselbeck, American football player and sportscaster
1955 – Humayun Akhtar Khan, Pakistani politician, 5th Commerce Minister of Pakistan
1957 – David Gower, English cricketer and sportscaster
1957 – Denise Nickerson, American actress (d. 2019)
1958 – D. Boon, American singer and musician (d. 1985)
1959 – Helmuth Duckadam, Romanian footballer
1961 – Susan Boyle, Scottish singer
1961 – Sergio Scariolo, Italian professional basketball head coach
1961 – Mark White, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1962 – Mark Shulman, American author
1962 – Chris Grayling, English journalist and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
1962 – Samboy Lim, Filipino basketball player and manager (d. 2023)
1962 – Phillip Schofield, English television host
1963 – Teodoro de Villa Diaz, Filipino guitarist and songwriter (d. 1988)
1963 – Aprille Ericsson-Jackson, American aerospace engineer
1964 – Erik Breukink, Dutch cyclist and manager
1964 – Kevin Duckworth, American basketball player (d. 2008)
1964 – John Morris, English cricketer
1964 – José Rodrigues dos Santos, Portuguese journalist, author, and educator
1965 – Jane Adams, American film, television, and stage actress
1965 – Mark Jackson, American basketball player and coach
1966 – Chris Evans, English radio and television host
1966 – Mehmet Özdilek, Turkish footballer and manager
1967 – Nicola Roxon, Australian lawyer and politician, 34th Attorney-General for Australia
1968 – Mike Baird, Australian politician, 44th Premier of New South Wales
1968 – Andreas Schnaas, German actor and director
1968 – Alexander Stubb, Finnish academic and politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Finland and 13th President of Finland
1969 – Lev Lobodin, Ukrainian-Russian decathlete
1969 – Andrew Vlahov, Australian basketball player
1969 – Dean Windass, English footballer and manager
1970 – Brad Meltzer, American author, screenwriter, and producer
1971 – Sonia Bisset, Cuban javelin thrower^[74]
1971 – Shinji Nakano, Japanese racing driver
1972 – Darren McCarty, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
1972 – Jesse Tobias, American guitarist and songwriter
1973 – Christian Finnegan, American comedian and actor
1973 – Stephen Fleming, New Zealand cricketer and coach
1973 – Rachel Maddow, American journalist and author
1974 – Hugo Ibarra, Argentinian footballer and manager
1975 – John Butler, American-Australian singer-songwriter and producer
1975 – Magdalena Maleeva, Bulgarian tennis player
1976 – Hazem El Masri, Lebanese-Australian rugby league player and educator
1976 – David Gilliland, American race car driver
1976 – Gábor Király, Hungarian footballer^[75]
1976 – David Oyelowo, English actor
1976 – Clarence Seedorf, Dutch-Brazilian footballer and manager
1976 – Yuka Yoshida, Japanese tennis player
1977 – Vitor Belfort, Brazilian-American boxer and mixed martial artist
1977 – Haimar Zubeldia, Spanish cyclist
1978 – Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (d. 2009)
1978 – Mirka Federer, Slovak-Swiss tennis player
1978 – Anamaria Marinca, Romanian-English actress
1978 – Etan Thomas, American basketball player
1979 – Ruth Beitia, Spanish high jumper
1980 – Dennis Kruppke, German footballer
1980 – Randy Orton, American wrestler
1980 – Bijou Phillips, American actress and model
1981 – Antonis Fotsis, Greek basketball player
1981 – Bjørn Einar Romøren, Norwegian ski jumper
1982 – Taran Killam, American actor, voice artist, comedian, and writer
1982 – Andreas Thorkildsen, Norwegian javelin thrower
1983 – Ólafur Ingi Skúlason, Icelandic footballer
1983 – Sean Taylor, American football player (d. 2007)
1984 – Gilberto Macena, Brazilian footballer
1985 – Daniel Murphy, American baseball player
1985 – Beth Tweddle, English gymnast^[76]
1986 – Nikolaos Kourtidis, Greek weightlifter^[77]
1986 – Hillary Scott, American country singer-songwriter
1987 – Vitorino Antunes, Portuguese footballer^[78]
1987 – Ding Junhui, Chinese professional snooker player
1987 – Gianluca Musacci, Italian footballer
1987 – Oliver Turvey, English racing driver
1988 – Brook Lopez, American basketball player^[79]
1988 – Robin Lopez, American basketball player^[80]
1989 – Jan Blokhuijsen, Dutch speed skater^[81]
1989 – David Ngog, French footballer
1989 – Christian Vietoris, German racing driver
1990 – Julia Fischer, German discus thrower
1991 – Duván Zapata, Colombian footballer^[82]
1992 – Deng Linlin, Chinese gymnast
1995 – Jofra Archer, Barbadian-English cricketer^[83]
1995 – Logan Paul, American YouTuber, actor and wrestler
1997 – Asa Butterfield, English actor^[84]
1997 – Álex Palou, Spanish racing driver^[85]
1998 – Mitchell Robinson, American basketball player^[86]
1999 – Gabe Davis, American football player^[87]
2000 – Rhian Brewster, English footballer^[88]

Deaths

Pre-1600

996 – John XV, pope of the Catholic Church
1085 – Shen Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1048)
1132 – Hugh of Châteauneuf, French bishop (b. 1053)^[89]
1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of France and England (b. 1122)^[90]
1205 – Amalric II, king of Cyprus and Jerusalem^[91]
1282 – Abaqa Khan, ruler of the Mongol Ilkhanate (b. 1234)
1431 – Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portuguese general (b. 1360)
1441 – Blanche I, queen of Navarre and Sicily (b. 1387)
1455 – Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Polish cardinal and statesman (b. 1389)^[92]
1528 – Francisco de Peñalosa, Spanish composer (b. 1470)^[93]
1548 – Sigismund I, king of Poland (b. 1467)^[94]
1580 – Alonso Mudarra, Spanish guitarist and composer (b. 1510)

1601–1900

1621 – Cristofano Allori, Italian painter and educator (b. 1577)^[95]
1682 – Franz Egon of Fürstenberg, Bavarian bishop (b. 1625)^[96]
1787 – Floyer Sydenham, English scholar and academic (b. 1710)^[97]
1839 – Benjamin Pierce, American soldier and politician, 11th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1757)^[98]
1865 – Antonios Kriezis, Greek Navy officer and Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1796)^[99]
1865 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano (b. 1797)^[100]
1872 – Frederick Denison Maurice, English theologian and academic (b. 1805)^[101]
1878 – John C.W. Daly, English-Canadian soldier and politician (b. 1796)^[102]
1890 – David Wilber, American politician (b. 1820)^[103]
1890 – Alexander Mozhaysky, Russian soldier, pilot, and engineer (b. 1825)

1901–present

1914 – Rube Waddell, American baseball player (b. 1876)^[104]
1914 – Charles Wells, English founder of Charles Wells Ltd (b. 1842)
1917 – Scott Joplin, American pianist and composer (b. 1868)^[105]
1920 – Walter Simon, German banker and philanthropist (b. 1857)
1922 – Charles I, emperor of Austria (b. 1887)^[106]
1924 – Jacob Bolotin, American physician (b. 1888)^[107]
1924 – Lloyd Hildebrand, English cyclist (b. 1870)^[108]
1924 – Stan Rowley, Australian sprinter (b. 1876)^[109]
1946 – Noah Beery, Sr., American actor (b. 1882)^[110]
1947 – George II, king of Greece (b. 1890)^[111]
1950 – Charles R. Drew, American physician and surgeon (b. 1904)^[112]
1950 – Recep Peker, Turkish soldier and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1889)^[113]
1962 – Jussi Kekkonen, Finnish captain and businessman (b. 1910)
1963 – Agnes Mowinckel, Norwegian actress (b. 1875)^[114]
1965 – Helena Rubinstein, Polish-American businesswoman (b. 1870)^[115]
1966 – Brian O'Nolan, Irish author (b. 1911)^[116]
1968 – Lev Landau, Azerbaijani-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)^[117]
1971 – Kathleen Lonsdale, Irish crystallographer and prison reformer (b. 1903)^[118]
1976 – Max Ernst, German painter and sculptor (b. 1891)^[119]
1981 – Eua Sunthornsanan, Thai singer-songwriter and bandleader (b. 1910)
1984 – Marvin Gaye, American singer-songwriter (b. 1939)^[40]
1984 – Elizabeth Goudge, English author (b. 1900)^[120]
1986 – Erik Bruhn, Danish actor, director, and choreographer (b. 1928)^[121]
1986 – Edwin Boston, English clergyman, author, and railway preservationist^[122]
1987 – Henri Cochet, French tennis player (b. 1901)^[123]
1991 – Martha Graham, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1894)^[124]
1991 – Jaime Guzmán, Chilean lawyer and politician (b. 1946)^[125]
1992 – Michael Havers, Baron Havers, English lawyer and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1923)^[126]
1993 – Alan Kulwicki, American race car driver (b. 1954)^[127]
1994 – Robert Doisneau, French photographer (b. 1912)^[128]
1995 – H. Adams Carter, American mountaineer, journalist, and educator (b. 1914)^[129]
1995 – Francisco Moncion, Dominican American ballet dancer, choreographer, charter member of the New York City Ballet (b. 1918)^[130]
1995 – Lucie Rie, Austrian-English potter (b. 1902)^[131]
1997 – Makar Honcharenko, Ukrainian footballer and manager (b. 1912)
1998 – Rozz Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1963)^[132]
1999 – Jesse Stone, American pianist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1901)^[133]
2001 – Trịnh Công Sơn, Vietnamese guitarist and composer (b. 1939)^[134]
2002 – Simo Häyhä, Finnish soldier and sniper (b. 1905)^[135]
2003 – Leslie Cheung, Hong Kong singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1956)^[136]
2004 – Ioannis Kyrastas, Greek footballer and manager (b. 1952)^[137]
2004 – Carrie Snodgress, American actress (b. 1945)^[138]
2005 – Paul Bomani, Tanzanian politician and diplomat, 1st Tanzanian Minister of Finance (b 1925)^[139]
2005 – Robert Coldwell Wood, American political scientist and academic (b. 1923)^[140]
2006 – In Tam, Cambodian general and politician, 26th Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1916)^[141]
2010 – John Forsythe, American actor (b. 1918)^[142]
2010 – Tzannis Tzannetakis, Greek soldier and politician, 175th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1927)^[143]
2012 – Lionel Bowen, Australian soldier, lawyer, and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1922)^[144]
2012 – Giorgio Chinaglia, Italian-American soccer player and radio host (b. 1947)^[145]
2012 – Miguel de la Madrid, Mexican banker, academic, and politician, 52nd President of Mexico (b. 1934)^[146]
2013 – Moses Blah, Liberian general and politician, 23rd President of Liberia (b. 1947)^[147]
2013 – Karen Muir, South African swimmer and physician (b. 1952)^[148]
2014 – King Fleming, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1922)^[149]
2014 – Jacques Le Goff, French historian and author (b. 1924)^[150]
2014 – Rolf Rendtorff, German theologian and academic (b. 1925)^[151]
2015 – Nicolae Rainea, Romanian footballer and referee (b. 1933)^[152]
2017 – Lonnie Brooks, American blues singer and guitarist (b. 1933)^[153]
2017 – Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Soviet and Russian poet and writer (b. 1932)^[154]
2018 – Steven Bochco, American television writer and producer (b. 1943)^[155]
2019 – Vonda N. McIntyre, American science fiction author (b. 1948)^[156]
2024 – Lou Conter, American naval commander (b. 1921)^[157]
2024 – Vontae Davis, American football player (b. 1988)^[158]
2024 – Joe Flaherty, American actor, writer, and comedian (b. 1941)^[159]
2024 – Sami Michael, Iraqi-born Israeli writer and human rights activist (b. 1926)^[160]
2024 – Ed Piskor, American comic book artist (b. 1982)^[161]
2024 – Mohammad Reza Zahedi, Iranian senior military officer (b. 1960)^[162]

Holidays and observances

References

^ Evans, J.A.S. (2005). The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780313325823.
^ Kotzampasi, Sofia (2013). The Pantokrator Monastery in Constantinople. Boston: Walter de Gruyter and Co. p. 17. ISBN 9781614515999; Neville, Leonora Alice (2019). Anna Komnene: The Life and Work of a Medieval Historian. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780190939892.
^ Garland, Lynda (2011). Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527-1204. London: Routledge. p. 184. ISBN 9780415619448.
^ Multiple Authors (17 September 2013). Early Modern Wars 1500–1775. Amber Books Ltd. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-78274-121-3.
^ Jenkins, Jeffery A.; Stewart, Charles Haines (2013). Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780691118123.
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External links

[1] Evans, J.A.S. (2005). The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780313325823.

[2] Kotzampasi, Sofia (2013). The Pantokrator Monastery in Constantinople. Boston: Walter de Gruyter and Co. p. 17. ISBN 9781614515999; Neville, Leonora Alice (2019). Anna Komnene: The Life and Work of a Medieval Historian. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780190939892.

[3] Garland, Lynda (2011). Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527-1204. London: Routledge. p. 184. ISBN 9780415619448.

[4] Multiple Authors (17 September 2013). Early Modern Wars 1500–1775. Amber Books Ltd. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-78274-121-3.

[5] Jenkins, Jeffery A.; Stewart, Charles Haines (2013). Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780691118123.

[6] Williams, Amelia W. (2010). The Alamo Defenders: A Critical Study of the Siege of the Alamo and the Personnel of Its Defenders. Rockport, Tex.: Copano Bay Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780982246771.

[7] Infantry. U.S. Army Infantry School. June 2011. p. 45.

[8] Vreeland, Nena; Dana, Glenn B.; Hurwitz, Geoffrey B.; Just, Peter; Shinn, R.S. (1977). Area Handbook for Singapore. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 44. OCLC 3032967.

[9] Adams, W.H. Davenport (1877). Great Shipwrecks: A Record of Perils and Disasters at Sea, 1544-1877. London: T. Nelson. pp. 507–508. OCLC 1039482884; Canada Department of Agriculture (1900). The Statistical Year-Book of Canada for 1899. Ottawa: Canada Department of Agriculture. p. 11. OCLC 1080360321.

[10] Burbank, Richard (1984). Twentieth Century Music. New York City, US: Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY. p. 13. ISBN 0-87196-464-3.|

[11] Dennis, Peter (1987). The Territorial Army: 1906-1940. Boydell Press. p. 14. ISBN 0861932080.

[12] "RAF Timeline 1918-1929". Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

[13] Glennon, Kieran (27 October 2020). "The Dead of the Belfast Pogrom". The Irish Story. Retrieved 25 March 2024.

[14] Fulda, Bernhard (2009). Press and Politics in the Weimar Republic. Oxford University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780191563263.

[15] Roberts, Leslie (1959). There Shall Be Wings: A History of the Royal Canadian Air Force. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin & Company. p. 55. ISBN 9781013416767.

[16] "Julius Streicher: Biography". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

[17] "Brief History". Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

[18] "Royal New Zealand Air Force". New Zealand History. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

[19] Holguín, Sandie (December 2015). "How Did the Spanish Civil War End? ... Not So Well". The American Historical Review. 120 (5): 1767–1783. doi:10.1093/ahr/120.5.1767. JSTOR 43697076. Retrieved 17 March 2023.

[20] Lupu, Victor (1 April 2016). "75 Years Since 'The Romanian Katyn' Massacre At Fântâna Albă – 3,000 Romanians Killed". Romania Journal. Retrieved 17 March 2023.

[21] Scott, James C (9 August 2001). "The Coup". Iraqi Coup. California State University, Sacramento. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2023.

[22] Peck, Michael (8 April 2017). "During World War II, America Accidently Bombed Switzerland". The National Interest. Retrieved 17 March 2023.

[23] Appleman, Roy E.; Burns, James M.; Gugeler, Russel A.; Stevens, John (2000). Okinawa: The Last Battle. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. p. 68. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012.

[24] "1946 Aleutian Tsunami". USC Thunami Research Group. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2023.

[25] PeKhabar (2016-04-01). "Penubuhan Malayan Union". PeKhabar (in Malay). Retrieved 2022-03-31.

[26] "Mutiny at HMNZS Philomel". Torpedo Bay Navy Museum. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2023.

[27] Miller, Roger G. (2000). To Save a City: The Berlin Airlift, 1948-1949. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780890969670.

[28] Pomfret, Richard (8 June 2021). The Economic Integration of Europe. Harvard University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-674-24413-9.

[29] Adachi, Ken (1976). The Enemy That Never Was. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. p. 346.

[30] "Air Force Academy Act Signed by Eisenhower". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, WA. 2 April 1954. Retrieved 17 March 2023.

[31] French, David (2015). Fighting EOKA: The British Counter-Insurgency Campaign on Cyprus, 1955-1959. Oxford University Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780198729341.

[32] "First Television Picture of Earth from Space, 1960". National Air and Space Museum. April 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2023.

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