Idi na sadržaj

Inhibicijski faktor migracije makrofaga

S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije
Inhibicijski faktor migracije makrofaga
Dostupne strukture
PDBPretraga ortologa: PDBe RCSB
Spisak PDB ID kodova

1CA7, 1CGQ, 1GCZ, 1GD0, 1GIF, 1LJT, 1MIF, 1P1G, 2OOH, 2OOW, 2OOZ, 3B9S, 3CE4, 3DJH, 3DJI, 3HOF, 3IJG, 3IJJ, 3JSF, 3JSG, 3JTU, 3L5P, 3L5R, 3L5S, 3L5T, 3L5U, 3L5V, 3SMB, 3SMC, 3U18, 4ETG, 4EUI, 4EVG, 4F2K, 4GRN, 4GRO, 4GRP, 4GRQ, 4GRR, 4GRU, 3WNR, 3WNS, 3WNT, 4K9G, 4OSF, 4OYQ, 4P01, 4P0H, 4WR8, 4WRB, 4PKZ, 4PLU, 4TRF, 4TRU, 4XX7, 4XX8, 5BS9, 5BSC, 5BSI, 5EIZ, 5HVV, 5CG4, 5J7Q, 5BSJ, 5HVT, 4PKK, 5B4O, 5HVS, 5J7P

Identifikatori
AliasiMIF
Vanjski ID-jeviOMIM: 153620 MGI: 96982 HomoloGene: 55655 GeneCards: MIF
EC broj5.3.3.12
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hromosom 22 (čovjek)
Hrom.Hromosom 22 (čovjek)[1]
Hromosom 22 (čovjek)
Genomska lokacija za Inhibicijski faktor migracije makrofaga
Genomska lokacija za Inhibicijski faktor migracije makrofaga
Bend22q11.23Početak23,894,383 bp[1]
Kraj23,895,227 bp[1]
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hromosom 10 (miš)
Hrom.Hromosom 10 (miš)[2]
Hromosom 10 (miš)
Genomska lokacija za Inhibicijski faktor migracije makrofaga
Genomska lokacija za Inhibicijski faktor migracije makrofaga
Bend10 38.59 cM|10 C1Početak75,695,187 bp[2]
Kraj75,696,074 bp[2]
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija• cytokine activity
• isomerase activity
• GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine
• chemoattractant activity
• phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity
• signaling receptor binding
• dopachrome isomerase activity
• protease binding
• GO:0005145 cytokine receptor binding
• vezivanje identičnih proteina
Ćelijska komponenta• Vezikula
• myelin sheath
• nukleoplazma
• extracellular region
• cell surface
• Egzosom
• citoplazma
• citosol
• secretory granule lumen
• ficolin-1-rich granule lumen
• Vanćelijsko
Biološki proces• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
• negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
• positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
• carboxylic acid metabolic process
• positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
• immune system process
• positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
• DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
• negative regulation of apoptotic process
• negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
• negative regulation of gene expression
• positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
• protein homotrimerization
• positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway
• negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
• regulation of cell population proliferation
• positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion
• positive regulation of B cell proliferation
• positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
• positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response
• prostaglandin biosynthetic process
• Urođeni imunski sistem
• negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process
• inflammatory response
• Ćelijska proliferacija
• positive regulation of phosphorylation
• positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response
• leukocyte migration
• regulation of macrophage activation
• positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling
• positive chemotaxis
• neutrophil degranulation
• interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway
• negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
• positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
• positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
• regulation of signaling receptor activity
Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
VrsteČovjekMiš
Entrez

4282

17319

Ensembl

ENSG00000276701
ENSG00000240972

ENSMUSG00000033307

UniProt

P14174

P34884

RefSeq (mRNK)

NM_002415

NM_010798

RefSeq (bjelančevina)

NP_002406
NP_002406.1

NP_034928

Lokacija (UCSC)Chr 22: 23.89 – 23.9 MbChr 10: 75.7 – 75.7 Mb
PubMed pretraga[3][4]
Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjekPogledaj/uredi – miš
Inhibitorni faktor migracije makrofaga (MIF)
Makrofag
Identifikatori
SimbolMIF

Inhibitorni faktor migracije makrofaga (MIF), znan i kao inhibitorni faktor glikozilacije (GIF), L-dopahrom-izomeraza ili fenilpiruvat-tautomeraza jest protein/enzim koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom MIF sa hromosoma 22.[5][6] MIF je važan regulator urođene imunosti.[7] Natporodica proteina MIF također uključuje drugog člana s funkcionalno srodnim svojstvima, D-dopahrom-tautomerazu (D-DT).[8]Površinski receptor za MIF je CD74.[9]

Bakterijski antigeni stimuliraju bijela krvna zrnca da otpuste MIF u krvotok.[10] Cirkulirajući MIF se vezuje za CD74 na drugim imunskim ćelijama, kako bi pokrenuo akutni imunski odgovor. Stoga je MIF klasifikovan kao upalni citokin. Štaviše, glukokortikoidi također stimulišu bijela krvna zrnca da oslobađaju MIF i stoga on delimično suprotstavlja inhibitorne efekte koje glukokortikoidi imaju na imunski sistem. Konačno trauma aktivira prednji režanj hipofize da oslobodi MIF.[11]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca

[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 115 aminokiseline, a molekulska težina 12 476 Da.[11]

1020304050
MPMFIVNTNVPRASVPDGFLSELTQQLAQATGKPPQYIAVHVVPDQLMAF
GGSSEPCALCSLHSIGKIGGAQNRSYSKLLCGLLAERLRISPDRVYINYY
DMNAANVGWNNSTFA

Struktura

[uredi | uredi izvor]

Inhibicijski faktor migracije makrofaga sastavlja se u trimer od tri identične podjedinice. Svaki od ovih monomera sadrži dva antiparalelna alfa heliksa i četvorolančani beta-list. Monomere okružuju centralni kanal sa trostrukom rotacijskom simetrijom.[12][13]

Odgovor na povredu

[uredi | uredi izvor]

Citokini imaju važnu ulogu u podsticanju zacjeljivanja rana i obnavljanja tkiva. Povreda ćelije dovodi do oslobađanja MIF-a koji zatim stupa u interakciju sa CD74. MIF-CD74 signalizacija aktivira proopstanak i proliferativne puteve koji štite domaćina tokom ozljede.[14]

Enzimska aktivnost

[uredi | uredi izvor]

MIF sadrži dva motiva sa katalitskom aktivnošću. Prvi je motiv od 27 aminokiselina koji se nalazi na N-terminalu funkcioniše kao fenilpiruvat-tautomeraza koja može katalizirati konverziju 2-karboksi-2,3-dihidroindol-5,6-kinona (dopahrom) u 5,6-dihidroksiindol-2-karboksilnu kiselinu (DHICA).[15][16] MIF također sadrži Cys-Ala-Leu-Cys katalitsko mjesto između ostataka 57 i 60 koje funkcionira kao disulfid- reduktaza.[17]

Funkcija

[uredi | uredi izvor]

Ovaj gen kodira limfokin uključen u ćelijski posredovanu imunost, imunoregulaciju i upale.[18][19][20] MIF ima ulogu u regulaciji funkcije makrofaga u odbrani domaćina kroz supresiju protivupalnih efekata glukokortikoida.[20][21][22] Ovaj limfokin i JAB1 protein formiraju kompleks u citosolu blizu periferne plazmamembrane, što može ukazivati na ulogu u integrinskim signalnim putevima.[23]

Mehanizam djelovanja

[uredi | uredi izvor]

MIF se vezuje za CD74,[24] izazivajući njegove fosforilacije i regrutacije CD44 koji zatim aktivira nereceptorske tirozin kinaze, što u konačnici dovodi do fosforilacije kinaza reguliranih vanćelijskim signalom.[25] Osim ERK-a, stimulacija CD74 aktivira i druge signalne puteve kao što su PI3K-Akt, NF-κB i AMP-aktivirani putevi protein kinaze (AMPK).[26]

Interakcije

[uredi | uredi izvor]

Zabilježeno je da inhibitorni faktor migracije makrofaga ima interakcije sa:

Klinički značaj

[uredi | uredi izvor]

MIF je potencijalni cilj lijeka za sepsu, reumatoidni artritis i rak.[40][41]

Parazitno-proitvedeni homolozi MIF-a

[uredi | uredi izvor]
MIF citokin proizveden parazitima u imunskoj evaziji, invaziji i patogenezi

Višestruki protozojski paraziti proizvode homologe MIF-a koji imaju slične upalne funkcije kao i ljudski MIF i imaju ulogu u njihovoj patogenezi, invaziji i imunskoj evaziji.[42][43] Pretklinička studija je pokazala da blokiranje parazitskog MIF poboljšava ishod kod teških infekcija protozoaama.[44] Prijavljeni primjeri protozoa sa homolozima MIF-a:

Reference

[uredi | uredi izvor]
  1. ^ a b c ENSG00000240972 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000276701, ENSG00000240972 - Ensembl, maj 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033307 - Ensembl, maj 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Weiser WY, Temple PA, Witek-Giannotti JS, Remold HG, Clark SC, David JR (October 1989). "Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding a human macrophage migration inhibitory factor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (19): 7522–6. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.7522W. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7522. PMC 298097. PMID 2552447.
  6. ^ Kozak CA, Adamson MC, Buckler CE, Segovia L, Paralkar V, Wistow G (June 1995). "Genomic cloning of mouse MIF (macrophage inhibitory factor) and genetic mapping of the human and mouse expressed gene and nine mouse pseudogenes". Genomics. 27 (3): 405–11. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1070. PMID 7558020.
  7. ^ Calandra T, Roger T (October 2003). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 3 (10): 791–800. doi:10.1038/nri1200. PMC 7097468. PMID 14502271.
  8. ^ Günther S, Fagone P, Jalce G, Atanasov AG, Guignabert C, Nicoletti F (February 2019). "Role of MIF and D-DT in immune-inflammatory, autoimmune, and chronic respiratory diseases: from pathogenic factors to therapeutic targets". Drug Discovery Today. 24 (2): 428–439. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.003. PMID 30439447.
  9. ^ Farr L, Ghosh S, Moonah S (2020). "Role of MIF Cytokine/CD74 Receptor Pathway in Protecting Against Injury and Promoting Repair". Frontiers in Immunology. 11: 1273. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01273. PMC 7325688. PMID 32655566.
  10. ^ Barret, James (1980). Basic Immunology and its Medical Application (2 izd.). St.Louis: The C.V. Mosby Company. ISBN 978-0-8016-0495-9.
  11. ^ a b Larson DF, Horak K (2006). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: controller of systemic inflammation". Critical Care. 10 (2): 138. doi:10.1186/cc4899. PMC 1550887. PMID 16677407.
  12. ^ Sun HW, Bernhagen J, Bucala R, Lolis E (May 1996). "Crystal structure at 2.6-A resolution of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (11): 5191–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5191. PMC 39220. PMID 8643551.
  13. ^ Al-Abed Y, VanPatten S (January 2011). "MIF as a disease target: ISO-1 as a proof-of-concept therapeutic". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 3 (1): 45–63. doi:10.4155/fmc.10.281. PMID 21428825.
  14. ^ Farr L, Ghosh S, Moonah S (2020). "Role of MIF Cytokine/CD74 Receptor Pathway in Protecting Against Injury and Promoting Repair". Frontiers in Immunology. 11: 1273. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01273. PMC 7325688. PMID 32655566.
  15. ^ Rosengren E, Bucala R, Aman P, Jacobsson L, Odh G, Metz CN, Rorsman H (January 1996). "The immunoregulatory mediator macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) catalyzes a tautomerization reaction". Molecular Medicine. 2 (1): 143–9. doi:10.1007/BF03402210. PMC 2230029. PMID 8900542.
  16. ^ Veillat V, Carli C, Metz CN, Al-Abed Y, Naccache PH, Akoum A (December 2010). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor elicits an angiogenic phenotype in human ectopic endometrial cells and triggers the production of major angiogenic factors via CD44, CD74, and MAPK signaling pathways". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 95 (12): E403-12. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0417. PMID 20829186.
  17. ^ Thiele M, Bernhagen J (2005). "Link between macrophage migration inhibitory factor and cellular redox regulation". Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 7 (9–10): 1234–48. doi:10.1089/ars.2005.7.1234. PMID 16115028.
  18. ^ Leng L, Bucala R (February 2006). "Insight into the biology of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) revealed by the cloning of its cell surface receptor". Cell Research. 16 (2): 162–8. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7310022. PMID 16474429.
  19. ^ Chen PF, Luo YL, Wang W, Wang JX, Lai WY, Hu SM, et al. (2010). "ISO-1, a macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonist, inhibits airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma". Molecular Medicine. 16 (9–10): 400–8. doi:10.2119/molmed.2009.00128. PMC 2935952. PMID 20485865.
  20. ^ a b Takahashi K, Koga K, Linge HM, Zhang Y, Lin X, Metz CN, et al. (May 2009). "Macrophage CD74 contributes to MIF-induced pulmonary inflammation". Respiratory Research. 10 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-33. PMC 2681459. PMID 19413900.
  21. ^ Flaster H, Bernhagen J, Calandra T, Bucala R (June 2007). "The macrophage migration inhibitory factor-glucocorticoid dyad: regulation of inflammation and immunity". Molecular Endocrinology. 21 (6): 1267–80. doi:10.1210/me.2007-0065. PMID 17389748.
  22. ^ Al-Abed Y, Metz CN, Cheng KF, Aljabari B, VanPatten S, Blau S, et al. (May 2011). "Thyroxine is a potential endogenous antagonist of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (20): 8224–7. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8224A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1017624108. PMC 3100930. PMID 21536912.
  23. ^ "Entrez Gene: MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)".
  24. ^ Bernhagen J, Calandra T, Mitchell RA, Martin SB, Tracey KJ, Voelter W, et al. (October 1993). "MIF is a pituitary-derived cytokine that potentiates lethal endotoxaemia". Nature. 365 (6448): 756–9. Bibcode:1993Natur.365..756B. doi:10.1038/365756a0. PMID 8413654. S2CID 4321353.
  25. ^ Shi X, Leng L, Wang T, Wang W, Du X, Li J, et al. (October 2006). "CD44 is the signaling component of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CD74 receptor complex". Immunity. 25 (4): 595–606. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.020. PMC 3707630. PMID 17045821.
  26. ^ Farr L, Ghosh S, Moonah S (2020). "Role of MIF Cytokine/CD74 Receptor Pathway in Protecting Against Injury and Promoting Repair". Frontiers in Immunology. 11: 1273. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01273. PMC 7325688. PMID 32655566.
  27. ^ Shen L, Hu J, Lu H, Wu M, Qin W, Wan D, et al. (April 2003). "The apoptosis-associated protein BNIPL interacts with two cell proliferation-related proteins, MIF and GFER". FEBS Letters. 540 (1–3): 86–90. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00229-1. PMID 12681488.
  28. ^ Farr L, Ghosh S, Jiang N, Watanabe K, Parlak M, Bucala R, Moonah S (2020). "CD74 Signaling Links Inflammation to Intestinal Epithelial Cell Regeneration and Promotes Mucosal Healing". Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 10 (1): 101–112. doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.01.009. PMC 7215244. PMID 32004754.
  29. ^ Leng L, Metz CN, Fang Y, Xu J, Donnelly S, Baugh J, et al. (June 2003). "MIF signal transduction initiated by binding to CD74". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 197 (11): 1467–76. doi:10.1084/jem.20030286. PMC 2193907. PMID 12782713.
  30. ^ Bacher M, Deuster O, Aljabari B, Egensperger R, Neff F, Jessen F, et al. (March 2010). "The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Alzheimer's disease". Molecular Medicine. 16 (3–4): 116–21. doi:10.2119/molmed.2009.00123. PMC 2829616. PMID 20200619.
  31. ^ Shan ZX, Lin QX, Deng CY, Tan HH, Kuang SJ, Xiao DZ, et al. (December 2009). "[Identification of the interactions between the truncated fragments of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and CD74 using a yeast two-hybrid system]". Nan Fang Yi Ke da Xue Xue Bao = Journal of Southern Medical University (jezik: kineski). 29 (12): 2383–6, 2390. PMID 20034881.
  32. ^ Wang F, Shen X, Guo X, Peng Y, Liu Y, Xu S, Yang J (February 2010). "Spinal macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats". Pain. 148 (2): 275–83. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.011. PMID 20005040. S2CID 38141283.
  33. ^ Dobson SE, Augustijn KD, Brannigan JA, Schnick C, Janse CJ, Dodson EJ, et al. (December 2009). "The crystal structures of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei". Protein Science. 18 (12): 2578–91. doi:10.1002/pro.263. PMC 2798171. PMID 19827093.
  34. ^ Ghosh S, Leaton LA, Farr L, Barfield A, Moonah S (July 2018). "Interaction between parasite-encoded JAB1/CSN5 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor proteins attenuates its proinflammatory function". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 10241. Bibcode:2018NatSR...810241G. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28625-1. PMC 6035221. PMID 29980718.
  35. ^ Kleemann R, Hausser A, Geiger G, Mischke R, Burger-Kentischer A, Flieger O, et al. (November 2000). "Intracellular action of the cytokine MIF to modulate AP-1 activity and the cell cycle through Jab1". Nature. 408 (6809): 211–6. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..211K. doi:10.1038/35041591. PMID 11089976. S2CID 205010648.
  36. ^ Schwartz V, Lue H, Kraemer S, Korbiel J, Krohn R, Ohl K, et al. (September 2009). "A functional heteromeric MIF receptor formed by CD74 and CXCR4". FEBS Letters. 583 (17): 2749–57. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.058. PMC 2911026. PMID 19665027.
  37. ^ Schrader J, Deuster O, Rinn B, Schulz M, Kautz A, Dodel R, et al. (December 2009). "Restoration of contact inhibition in human glioblastoma cell lines after MIF knockdown". BMC Cancer. 9: 464. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-464. PMC 2810303. PMID 20038293.
  38. ^ Stosic-Grujicic S, Stojanovic I, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Momcilovic M, Popadic D, Harhaji L, et al. (June 2008). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is necessary for progression of autoimmune diabetes mellitus". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 215 (3): 665–75. doi:10.1002/jcp.21346. PMID 18064633. S2CID 36047003.
  39. ^ Filip AM, Klug J, Cayli S, Fröhlich S, Henke T, Lacher P, et al. (March 2009). "Ribosomal protein S19 interacts with macrophage migration inhibitory factor and attenuates its pro-inflammatory function". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (12): 7977–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.M808620200. PMC 2658091. PMID 19155217.
  40. ^ Lue H, Kleemann R, Calandra T, Roger T, Bernhagen J (April 2002). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): mechanisms of action and role in disease". Microbes and Infection. 4 (4): 449–60. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01560-5. PMID 11932196.
  41. ^ Bloom J, Sun S, Al-Abed Y (December 2016). "MIF, a controversial cytokine: a review of structural features, challenges, and opportunities for drug development". Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets. 20 (12): 1463–1475. doi:10.1080/14728222.2016.1251582. PMID 27762152. S2CID 36752674.
  42. ^ Ghosh S, Jiang N, Farr L, Ngobeni R, Moonah S (21 August 2019). "Parasite-Produced MIF Cytokine: Role in Immune Evasion, Invasion, and Pathogenesis". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1995. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01995. PMC 6712082. PMID 31497025.
  43. ^ Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ (2014). Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. str. 32. ISBN 9781455748013.
  44. ^ Ghosh S, Padalia J, Ngobeni R, Abendroth J, Farr L, Shirley DA, et al. (March 2020). "Targeting Parasite-Produced Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as an Antivirulence Strategy With Antibiotic-Antibody Combination to Reduce Tissue Damage". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 221 (7): 1185–1193. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz579. PMC 7325720. PMID 31677380.
  45. ^ Ngobeni R, Abhyankar MM, Jiang NM, Farr LA, Samie A, Haque R, Moonah SN (April 2017). "Entamoeba histolytica-Encoded Homolog of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Contributes to Mucosal Inflammation during Amebic Colitis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 215 (8): 1294–1302. doi:10.1093/infdis/jix076. PMC 5853319. PMID 28186296.
  46. ^ Sun T, Holowka T, Song Y, Zierow S, Leng L, Chen Y, et al. (July 2012). "A Plasmodium-encoded cytokine suppresses T-cell immunity during malaria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (31): E2117-26. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206573109. PMC 3411961. PMID 22778413.
  47. ^ Sommerville C, Richardson JM, Williams RA, Mottram JC, Roberts CW, Alexander J, Henriquez FL (May 2013). "Biochemical and immunological characterization of Toxoplasma gondii macrophage migration inhibitory factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (18): 12733–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.419911. PMC 3642319. PMID 23443656.
  48. ^ Holowka T, Castilho TM, Garcia AB, Sun T, McMahon-Pratt D, Bucala R (June 2016). "Leishmania-encoded orthologs of macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulate host immunity to promote parasite persistence". FASEB Journal. 30 (6): 2249–65. doi:10.1096/fj.201500189R. PMC 4871794. PMID 26956417.
  49. ^ Twu O, Dessí D, Vu A, Mercer F, Stevens GC, de Miguel N, et al. (June 2014). "Trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (22): 8179–84. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.8179T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1321884111. PMC 4050605. PMID 24843155.

Vanjski linkovi

[uredi | uredi izvor]
Commons logo
Commons logo
Commons ima datoteke na temu: Inhibicijski faktor migracije makrofaga
Preuzeto iz "https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inhibicijski_faktor_migracije_makrofaga&oldid=3396828"