Tendai

Tendai (天台宗, Tendai-shū), also known as the Tendai Lotus School (天台法華宗 Tendai hokke shū, sometimes just "hokke shū") is a Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition (with significant esoteric elements) officially established in Japan in 806 by the Japanese monk Saichō (posthumously known as Dengyō Daishi).^[1]The Tendai school, which has been based on Mount Hiei since its inception, rose to prominence during the Heian period (794-1185).It gradually eclipsed the powerful Hossō school and competed with the rival Shingon school to become the most influential sect at the Imperial court.

Ngesikhathi sikaKamakura (1185-1333), uTendai wayesephenduke enye yezindlela ezivelele zobuBuddha baseJapane, enamathempeli amaningi kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala.Phakathi nenkathi ye-Kamakura, amakholi ahlukahlukene ashiye uTendai (ebona ukuthi ikhohlakele) ukuze asungule izikole zabo "ezintsha" noma " Kamakura " zamaBuddha ezifana Jōdo-shū, Nichiren-shū futhi Sōtō Zen . ^[2]Ukucekelwa phansi kwethempeli eliyinhloko le- Enryaku-ji ngu- Oda Nobunaga ngo-1571, kanye nokushintshwa kwezindawo zenhloko-dolobha kude ne- Kyoto kuya e- Edo, kwenze buthakathaka ithonya likaTendai. ^[3]

NgesiShayina nesiJapane, igama layo liyafana nethi Tiantai, isikole saso esingabazali sobuBuddha baseShayina .Womabili amasiko agcizelela ukubaluleka kweLotus Sutra futhi ahloniphe izimfundiso zama-patriarch aseTiantai, ikakhulukazi uZhiyi.NgesiNgisi, i- Romanization yaseJapane ihlukanisa izici eziyingqayizivele zesiko lesiJapane.NgokukaHazama Jikō, isici esiyinhloko sikaTendai "ukukhuthaza kwayo ubuBuddha obuphelele...umbono wokuthi zonke izimfundiso zikaBuddha aziphikisani futhi zingahlanganiswa ohlelweni olulodwa oluphelele futhi oluphelele." ^[4]

• Chappell, David W. (1987). "Ingabe I-Tendai Buddhism Ihlobene Nezwe Lanamuhla?" , I- Japanese Journal of Religious Studies ka-1987 14/2-3, amakhasi 247-266.
• Covell, uStephen (2001). "I-Buddhism Yethempeli Eliphilayo EJapane Yanamuhla: I-Tendai Sect Namuhla", Izincwadi Zenkolo Eqhathanisayo. Iphepha 1. (Dissertation, Inyuvesi yaseWestern Michigan)
• Groner, Paul. I-Saicho: Ukusungulwa Kwesikole SaseJapane SeTendai . Inyuvesi yaseHawaii Press 2000.
• UMatsunaga, uDaigan; Matsunaga, Alicia (1996), Isisekelo seBuddhism yaseJapane, Umq. 1: Inkathi Yobukhazikhazi, eLos Angeles; I-Tokyo: I-Buddhist Books International. I-ISBN 0-914910-26-4
• Matsunaga, Daigan, Matsunaga, Alicia (1996), Foundation of Japanese Buddhism, Vol. 2: The Mass Movement (Kamakura and Muromachi Periods), Los Angeles; I-Tokyo: I-Buddhist Books International, ngo-1996. I-ISBN 0-914910-28-0
• McMullin, Neil (1984). I-Sanmon-Jimon Schism in the Tendai School of Buddhism: A Preliminary Analysis, Ijenali ye-International Association of Buddhist Studies 7 (1), 83-105
• Stone Jacqueline 1999. Ukukhanyiselwa Kwangempela kanye Nokuguqulwa kwe-Medieval Japanese Buddhism, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI,  .
• Swanson, uPaul L. (1986). "T'ien-t'ai Studies in Japan", Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 2 (2), 219-232
• Ziporyn, Brook (2004). "Tiantai School" in Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Robert E. Buswell, Ed., McMillan USA, New York, NY,  .

1. ↑ Ryuichi Abe. Saichō and Kūkai: A Conflict of Interpretations Ryuichi Abe. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 1995 22/1-2
2. ↑ Stone, Jacqueline (1 May 1995). "Medieval Tendai hongaku thought and the new Kamakura Buddhism: A reconsideration". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 22 (1–2). doi:10.18874/jjrs.22.1-2.1995.17-48. https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/2559. 
3. ↑ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan 1334-1615. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 284. ISBN 0804705259.
4. ↑ Hazama Jikō. The Characteristics of Japanese Tendai. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 1987 14/2-3