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{{NoteTA
|G1 = PresidentsUS
|G2 = Movie
|G3 = USState
}}
{{多個問題|
{{更新|time=2022-02-27}}
{{增加來源|time=2022-02-27}}
{{Expert needed|subject=地理|time=2023-09-20T07:28:12+00:00}}
}}
{{Infobox valley
| name               = 圣费尔南多谷
| other_name         = {{lang|en|San Fernando Valley}}
| native_name        = El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de los Encinos
| native_name_lang   = es
| photo              = File:San Fernando Valley vista.jpg
| photo_caption      = 从圣费尔南多谷望向东北方<br />{{small|位于{{Link-en|伍德兰山 (洛杉矶)|Woodland Hills, Los Angeles|伍德兰山}}托潘加山山顶瞭望公园}}
| map_image          = File:San Fernando Valley Chineser Version.jpg
| location           = {{USA}}[[加利福尼亚州]][[洛杉矶县]]
| coordinates        = {{Coord|34.238486|-118.462831|region:US-CA_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| area               = {{Convert|670|km2|sqmi}}
}}

'''圣费尔南多谷'''（{{Lang-en|San Fernando Valley}}）是一个位于[[美国]][[加利福尼亚州]][[洛杉矶都会区]]内[[洛杉矶县]]的都市化山谷，其范围包括由{{Link-en|横向山脉|Transverse Ranges}}所围绕的地区。圣费尔南多谷内有居民177万人，其南面与面积更大、人口众多的{{Link-en|洛杉矶盆地|Los Angeles Basin}}接壤。圣费尔南多谷内近三分之二的土地隶属于[[洛杉矶市]]；而其他部分则分属于[[格倫代爾 (加利福尼亞州)|格伦代尔]]、[[伯班克 (加利福尼亚州)|伯班克]]、[[圣费尔南多 (加利福尼亚州)|圣费尔南多]]、[[希登希尔斯]]及[[卡拉巴萨斯]]等市。

== 地理特征 ==
{{transh}}
[[File:San Fernando vs Livermore map.jpg|缩略图|San Fernando vs Livermore valleys water comparison map by [[William Mulholland]], 1912]]
The San Fernando Valley is about {{convert|260|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title=San Fernando Valley| encyclopedia=Britannica Online Encyclopedia| url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521119/San-Fernando-Valley| access-date=2009-08-31| archive-date=2015-06-02| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602224649/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521119/San-Fernando-Valley| dead-url=no}}</ref> bound by the [[Santa Susana Mountains]] to the northwest, the [[Simi Hills]] to the west, the [[Santa Monica Mountains]] and [[Chalk Hills]] to the south, the [[Verdugo Mountains]] to the east, and the [[San Gabriel Mountains]] to the northeast. The northern [[Sierra Pelona Mountains]], northwestern [[Topatopa Mountains]], southern [[Santa Ana Mountains]], and [[Downtown Los Angeles]] skyscrapers can be seen from higher neighborhoods, passes, and parks in the San Fernando Valley.

The [[Los Angeles River]] begins at the confluence of [[Arroyo Calabasas|Calabasas Creek (''Arroyo Calabasas'')]] and [[Bell Creek (Southern California)|Bell Creek]] (''Escorpión Creek''), between [[Canoga Park High School]] and Owensmouth Avenue (just north of Vanowen Street) in [[Canoga Park, Los Angeles|Canoga Park]]. These creeks' [[river source|headwaters]] are in the Santa Monica [[Calabasas, California|Calabasas]] foothills, the Simi Hills' [[Hidden Hills, California|Hidden Hills]], [[Santa Susana Field Laboratory]], and [[Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park|Santa Susana Pass Park]] lands. The river flows eastward along the southern regions of the Valley. One of the river's two unpaved sections can be found at the [[Sepulveda Basin]].  A seasonal river, the [[Tujunga Wash]], drains much of the western facing San Gabriel Mountains and passes into and then through the [[Hansen Dam]] Recreation Center in Lake View Terrace. It flows south along the Verdugo Mountains through the eastern communities of the valley to join the Los Angeles River in [[Studio City, Los Angeles|Studio City]]. Other notable tributaries of the river include Dayton Creek, Caballero Creek, [[Bull Creek (Los Angeles County)|Bull Creek]], [[Pacoima Wash]], and [[Verdugo Wash]]. The elevation of the floor of the valley varies from about {{convert|600|ft|m|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1200|ft|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].

Most of the San Fernando Valley is within the jurisdiction of the [[City of Los Angeles]],<ref name="WSJ_2018.03.29">{{cite news |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Katy |title=Living in 'the Valley' Is, Like, Cool Now |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=March 29, 2018 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/living-in-the-valley-is-like-cool-now-1522332000 |access-date=September 15, 2018 |quote=The majority of the San Fernando Valley lies within the city of Los Angeles, but <u>locals nonetheless tend to refer to it as 'the Valley'</u> and to the rest of Los Angeles as 'the city'. |archive-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124104923/https://www.wsj.com/articles/living-in-the-valley-is-like-cool-now-1522332000 |dead-url=no }}</ref> although a few other incorporated cities are located within the valley as well: [[Burbank, California|Burbank]] is in the southeastern corner of the valley, and [[San Fernando, California|San Fernando]], which is completely surrounded by Los Angeles, is in the northeastern valley. [[Universal City, California|Universal City]], an enclave in the southern part of the valley, is an unincorporated area housing the [[Universal Studios]] filming lot and theme park. [[Mulholland Drive]], which runs along the ridgeline of the Santa Monica Mountains, marks the boundary between the valley and the communities of [[Hollywood]] and the [[Westside (Los Angeles County)|Los Angeles Westside]].
The San Fernando Valley has connection to other regions: The [[Santa Clarita Valley]] via [[Newhall Pass]], the [[Westside (Los Angeles County)|Westside]] via [[Sepulveda Pass]], [[Hollywood]] via [[Cahuenga Pass]], Simi Valley via [[Santa Susana Pass]], and the [[Crescenta Valley]] via [[Interstate 210 and State Route 210 (California)|Interstate 210]].
 
=== Habitat ===
The valley's natural habitat is a "[[temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]] [[biome]]" of [[grassland]], [[California oak woodland|oak savanna]], and [[Chaparral|chaparral shrub forest]] types of [[plant community]] [[habitat]]s, along with lush [[riparian zone|riparian plants]] along the river, creeks, and springs. In this [[Mediterranean climate]], post-1790s European agriculture for the mission's support consisted of [[grape]]s, [[common fig|fig]]s, [[olive]]s, and general garden crops.<ref name="IndustryHolmes1917">{{cite book| author=L. C. Holmes| title=Soil survey of the San Fernando Valley area, California| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Iy3AAAAIAAJ| access-date=8 August 2012| year=1917| publisher=Government Printing Office| page=12| archive-date=2020-08-30| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830193320/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Iy3AAAAIAAJ| dead-url=no}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
The San Fernando Valley has a [[subtropical climate|subtropical]]/[[hot-summer Mediterranean]] climate, with long, hot, dry summers, and short, warm winters, with chilly nights and sporadic rainfall. Due to its relatively inland location and other factors, summer days are typically hotter and winter nights typically colder than in the [[Los Angeles basin]].
{{transf}}
{{Weather box
| location                = [[柏本克 (加利福尼亞州)|柏本克]]
| width                   = 50%
| single line             = Y 
| Jan high F              = 67.5
| Feb high F              = 68.7
| Mar high F              = 70.4
| Apr high F              = 73.7
| May high F              = 76.6
| Jun high F              = 81.4
| Jul high F              = 88.3
| Aug high F              = 89.0
| Sep high F              = 87.2
| Oct high F              = 80.9
| Nov high F              = 73.7
| Dec high F              = 67.9
| Jan record high F       = 92
| Feb record high F       = 92
| Mar record high F       = 98
| Apr record high F       = 105
| May record high F       = 107
| Jun record high F       = 111
| Jul record high F       = 114
| Aug record high F       = 111
| Sep record high F       = 114
| Oct record high F       = 108
| Nov record high F       = 102
| Dec record high F       = 95
| year record high F      = 114
| year high F             = 77.1
| Jan low F               = 41.7
| Feb low F               = 43.5
| Mar low F               = 45.7
| Apr low F               = 48.9
| May low F               = 53.5
| Jun low F               = 57.3
| Jul low F               = 61.2
| Aug low F               = 61.4
| Sep low F               = 59.2	
| Oct low F               = 53.3
| Nov low F               = 46.0
| Dec low F               = 41.6
| Jan record low F        = 22
| Feb record low F        = 27
| Mar record low F        = 23
| Apr record low F        = 32
| May record low F        = 39
| Jun record low F        = 43
| Jul record low F        = 45
| Aug record low F        = 46
| Sep record low F        = 43
| Oct record low F        = 33
| Nov record low F        = 29
| Dec record low F        = 22
| year record low F       = 22
| year low F              = 51.1
| precipitation colour    = green
| Jan precipitation inch  = 3.35
| Feb precipitation inch  = 3.84
| Mar precipitation inch  = 2.84
| Apr precipitation inch  = 1.17
| May precipitation inch  = 0.27
| Jun precipitation inch  = 0.07
| Jul precipitation inch  = 0.01
| Aug precipitation inch  = 0.10
| Sep precipitation inch  = 0.20
| Oct precipitation inch  = 0.60
| Nov precipitation inch  = 1.51	
| Dec precipitation inch  = 2.34
| year precipitation inch = 16.29
| source 1                = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca1194 |title=Burbank Valley Pump, California (041194) |publisher=Western Regional Climate Center |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-date=2022-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402011615/https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca1194 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| date                    = April 2021
}}

{{Weather box
| location                = {{tsl|en|Woodland Hills, Los Angeles|伍德蘭山 (洛杉磯)|伍德蘭山}}
| width                   = 50%
| single line             = Y 
| Jan high F              = 67
| Feb high F              = 69
| Mar high F              = 71
| Apr high F              = 77
| May high F              = 80
| Jun high F              = 87
| Jul high F              = 93
| Aug high F              = 95
| Sep high F              = 90
| Oct high F              = 83
| Nov high F              = 73
| Dec high F              = 67
| Jan record high F       = 93
| Feb record high F       = 94
| Mar record high F       = 101
| Apr record high F       = 105
| May record high F       = 113
| Jun record high F       = 113
| Jul record high F       = 119
| Aug record high F       = 116
| Sep record high F       = 121
| Oct record high F       = 110
| Nov record high F       = 101
| Dec record high F       = 96
| year record high F      = 121
| year high F             = 79
| Jan low F               = 41
| Feb low F               = 42
| Mar low F               = 43
| Apr low F               = 45
| May low F               = 49
| Jun low F               = 53
| Jul low F               = 56
| Aug low F               = 57
| Sep low F               = 55	
| Oct low F               = 50
| Nov low F               = 43
| Dec low F               = 39
| Jan record low F        = 19
| Feb record low F        = 18
| Mar record low F        = 26
| Apr record low F        = 30
| May record low F        = 33
| Jun record low F        = 36
| Jul record low F        = 42
| Aug record low F        = 42
| Sep record low F        = 38
| Oct record low F        = 27
| Nov record low F        = 23
| Dec record low F        = 20
| year record low F       = 18
| year low F              = 48
| precipitation colour    = green
| Jan precipitation inch  = 4.27
| Feb precipitation inch  = 4.26
| Mar precipitation inch  = 3.63
| Apr precipitation inch  = 0.85
| May precipitation inch  = 0.30
| Jun precipitation inch  = 0.06
| Jul precipitation inch  = 0.02
| Aug precipitation inch  = 0.16
| Sep precipitation inch  = 0.26
| Oct precipitation inch  = 0.60
| Nov precipitation inch  = 1.47	
| Dec precipitation inch  = 2.32
| year precipitation inch = 18.20
| source 1                = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://plantmaps.com/91365|title=Zipcode 91365|website=www.plantmaps.com|access-date=April 20, 2021|archive-date=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406235036/https://plantmaps.com/91365|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| date                    = April 2021
}}

== 政治概况 ==
{{transh}}
[[File:West Valley Regional Branch Library, Reseda, CA.JPG|缩略图|375px|The West Valley Regional Branch of the [[Los Angeles Public Library]], in [[Reseda, Los Angeles|Reseda]] ]]

The San Fernando Valley contains six [[Municipal corporation|incorporated cities]]: [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], [[Calabasas, California|Calabasas]], [[Glendale, California|Glendale]], [[Hidden Hills, California|Hidden Hills]], [[San Fernando, California|San Fernando]], and part of [[Los Angeles]]; which governs the majority of the valley. The [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated communities]] of [[Universal City, California|Universal City]] and West Chatsworth are governed by the [[Los Angeles County, California|County of Los Angeles]].

=== Representation ===
The Los Angeles city section of the valley is divided into seven city council districts: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 12. Of the 95 neighborhood councils in the city, 34 are in the valley. The valley is represented in the [[California State Legislature]] by five members of the [[California State Assembly|State Assembly]]: [[Jesse Gabriel]] (D), [[Luz Rivas]] (D), [[Adrin Nazarian]] (D), [[Suzette Martinez Valladares]] (R), and [[Laura Friedman]] (D). The valley is represented by three members of the [[California State Senate|State Senate]]: [[Henry Stern (California politician)|Henry Stern]] (D), [[Bob Hertzberg]] (D) and [[Anthony Portantino]] (D). The valley falls into five congressional districts: the [[California's 25th congressional district|25th]], [[California's 28th congressional district|28th]], [[California's 29th congressional district|29th]], [[California's 30th congressional district|30th]], and [[California's 33rd congressional district|33rd]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/map|title=Members of Congress & Congressional District Maps - GovTrack.us|website=GovTrack.us|access-date=2022-02-27|archive-date=2021-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104081506/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/map|dead-url=no}}</ref> represented respectively by [[Mike Garcia (politician)|Mike Garcia]] (R), [[Adam Schiff]] (D), [[Tony Cárdenas]] (D), [[Brad Sherman]] (D), and [[Ted Lieu]] (D). The valley is represented in the [[Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors]], by two supervisorial districts, with the western portion represented by [[Sheila Kuehl]] (D) and the eastern portion by [[Kathryn Barger]] (R).

=== Politics ===
The San Fernando Valley, for the most part, tends to support [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] in state and national elections.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Live election results: 2020 California results|url=https://www.politico.com/2020-election/results/california/|access-date=2022-01-14|website=www.politico.com|language=en|archive-date=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406235036/https://www.politico.com/2020-election/results/california/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

=== Services ===
* The Los Angeles satellite administrative center for the valley, The Civic Center Van Nuys, is in [[Van Nuys, Los Angeles|Van Nuys]]. The area in and around the Van Nuys branch of Los Angeles City Hall is home to a police station, limited and unlimited jurisdiction superior courts and Los Angeles city and county administrative offices. Northridge is home to [[California State University, Northridge]] (originally named San Fernando Valley State College).
* Many branches of the [[Los Angeles Public Library]] are located in the valley.
* For independent libraries see "Incorporated Cities (independent)" in the "Municipalities and districts" list below.
* [[Los Angeles Police Department]], [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]], and independent valley city departments.
* [[Los Angeles Fire Department]], [[Los Angeles County Fire Department]], [[Burbank Police Department (California)|Burbank Police Department]], and independent valley city departments.
* [[Neighborhood councils of Los Angeles|City of Los Angeles neighborhood councils]]

{{Wide image|San Fernando Valley panorama.jpg|1200px|Panorama of San Fernando Valley from Universal Studios}}

{{transf}}
== 发展历史 ==
{{main|{{tsl|en|History of the San Fernando Valley|聖費爾南多谷的歷史}}}}
{{transh}}
[[File:Mission San Fernando Postcard, circa 1900.jpg|缩略图|右|325px|Mission San Fernando: in a circa 1900 postcard]]

=== Pre-California statehood ===
The valley was a center of "the crossroads of cultures and languages, including the [[Tongva]], [[Fernandeno|Fernandeño]], and [[Chumash people|Chumash]]."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/projects/la-me-tongva-map/|title=Mapping the Tongva villages of L.A.'s past|last1=Greene|first1=Sean|last2=Curwen|first2=Thomas|date=9 May 2019|newspaper=LA Times|access-date=19 June 2019|archive-date=2020-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228031020/https://www.latimes.com/projects/la-me-tongva-map/|dead-url=no}}</ref> The Tongva, later known as the [[Gabrieleño]] [[Mission Indians]] after colonization, the [[Tataviam people|Tataviam]] to the north, and Chumash to the west, had lived and thrived in the valley and its arroyos for over 8,000 years.<ref name=prehistoric>{{cite web| title=Prehistoric milling site found in California| url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/2006-03-03-prehistoric-mill_x.htm| work=[[USA Today]]| date=March 4, 2006| access-date=August 8, 2012| archive-date=2011-05-23| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523072240/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/2006-03-03-prehistoric-mill_x.htm| dead-url=no}}</ref> They had [[:Category:Former Native American populated places in California|numerous settlements]], and trading and hunting camps, before the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish]] arrived in 1769 to settle in the Valley.<ref name="Klein2003">{{cite book| author=Jake Klein| title=Then & Now: San Fernando Valley| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04NDcqx9fNYC| access-date=8 August 2012| date=1 June 2003| publisher=Gibbs Smith| isbn=978-1-58685-229-0| page=5| archive-date=2020-12-16| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216060420/https://books.google.com/books?id=04NDcqx9fNYC| dead-url=no}}</ref>
[[File:Eulogio_de_Celis.jpg|缩略图|左|右上|[[Californio]] ranchero [[Eulogio F. de Celis]] once owned most of the San Fernando Valley.]]
The first [[Ranchos of California#Spanish era|Spanish land grant]] in the San Fernando Valley (or ''El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de los Encinos''<ref name="Crosby2009">{{cite book| author=Michael Crosby| title=Encino| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTfgQM9pOcAC&pg=PA7| access-date=8 August 2012| date=3 June 2009| publisher=Arcadia Publishing| isbn=978-0-7385-6991-8| page=7| archive-date=2021-01-17| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117112320/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTfgQM9pOcAC&pg=PA7| dead-url=no}}</ref>) was called "Rancho Encino" (present-day [[Mission Hills, Los Angeles|Mission Hills]] on the ''Camino Viejo'' before [[Newhall Pass]]), in the northern part of the San Fernando Valley. [[Juan Francisco Reyes (soldier)|Juan Francisco Reyes]] built an [[adobe]] dwelling beside a [[:Category:Tongva settlements|Tongva village]] or [[rancheria]] at [[Spring (hydrology)|natural springs]], but the land was soon taken from him so that a [[Spanish missions in California|mission]] could be built there.<ref name="California">{{cite book| author=Historic Spots in California| title=Historic Spots in California: The Southern Counties| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXGaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA59| access-date=8 August 2012| publisher=Stanford University Press| isbn=978-0-8047-1614-7| page=59| archive-date=2020-10-02| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002010030/https://books.google.com/books?id=EXGaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA59| dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Mission San Fernando Rey de España]] was established in 1797 as the 17th of the 21 missions.<ref name="VI">{{cite book| author1=California Mission Series| author2=Vol VI| title=California Mission Series, Vol VI: Mission San Miguel, Mission San Fernando Rey, Mission San Luis Rey| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXSaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PT40| access-date=8 August 2012| publisher=Stanford University Press| isbn=978-0-8047-1875-2| page=40| archive-date=2020-08-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820023919/https://books.google.com/books?id=xXSaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PT40| dead-url=no}}</ref> The land trade granted Juan Francisco Reyes the similarly named [[Rancho Los Encinos]], also beside springs ([[Los Encinos State Historic Park]] in present-day [[Encino, Los Angeles|Encino]]). Later the [[Ranchos of California#Mexican era|Mexican land grant]]s of [[Rancho El Escorpión]] ([[West Hills, Los Angeles|West Hills]]), [[Rancho Providencia]] and [[Rancho Cahuenga]] ([[Burbank, California|Burbank]]), and [[Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando]] (rest of valley) covered the San Fernando Valley.{{citation needed|date= November 2014}}

The [[Treaty of Cahuenga]], ending the [[Mexican–American War]] fighting in [[Alta California]], was signed in 1847 by [[Californio]]s and Americans at [[Campo de Cahuenga]], the Verdugo Family adobe at the entrance to the [[Cahuenga Pass]] in the southeast San Fernando Valley ([[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]]). The 1848 [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] ended the entire war.

=== California statehood and beyond ===
The Valley officially became part of the State of California on September 9, 1850, when the [[California Statehood Act]] was approved by the federal government.
In 1874, [[Dryland farming|dry wheat farming]] was introduced by [[James Boon Lankershim|J. B. Lankershim]] and [[Isaac Newton Van Nuys|Isaac Van Nuys]], which became very productive for their San Fernando Homestead Association that owned the southern half of the valley. In 1876, they sent the first wheat shipment from both [[San Pedro, Los Angeles|San Pedro]] Harbor and from the United States to Europe.<ref name="MayersMassaro1976">{{cite book| author1=Jackson Mayers| author2=Nick Massaro| title=The San Fernando Valley| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAcSAQAAIAAJ| access-date=6 May 2013| year=1976| publisher=John D. McIntyre| page=67| archive-date=2020-12-16| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216060418/https://books.google.com/books?id=UAcSAQAAIAAJ| dead-url=no}}</ref>

=== 20th century ===
;Aqueduct
{{main|Los Angeles Aqueduct}}
{{see also|California Water Wars}}
[[File:LA Aqueduct Opening2.jpg|缩略图|Crowds gather to see the first water reaching the valley via the new aqueduct.]]

Through the late-19th-century court decision ''Los Angeles'' v. ''Pomeroy'', Los Angeles had won the rights to all surface flow water atop an [[aquifer]] beneath the valley, without it being within the city limits.<ref name="Thomas1970">{{cite book| author=Harold Edgar Thomas| title=Water Laws and Concepts| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=93LZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA10| access-date=6 May 2013| year=1970| publisher=U.S. Geological Survey| page=10| archive-date=2020-09-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925053942/https://books.google.com/books?id=93LZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA10| dead-url=no}}</ref> San Fernando Valley farmers offered to buy the surplus aqueduct{{clarify|What "aqueduct"?  When?  None has been introduced yet.|date=2019年2月}} water, but the federal legislation that enabled the construction of the aqueduct prohibited Los Angeles from selling the water outside of the city limits.<ref>Bearchell, Charles, and Larry D. Fried, ''The San Fernando Valley Then and Now'', Windsor Publications, 1988, {{ISBN|0-89781-285-9}}</ref> This induced several independent towns{{which|date=September 2018}} surrounding Los Angeles to vote on and approve annexation to the city so that they could connect to the municipal water system. These rural areas became part of Los Angeles in 1915.<ref name="Rivers in the Desert">{{Cite book
|last=Davis
|first=Margaret Leslie
|title=Rivers in the Desert
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lvRnuwxmUoC&pg=PA92
|year=1993
|isbn=1-58586-137-5
|page=92
|access-date=2022-02-27
|archive-date=2020-08-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818185504/https://books.google.com/books?id=7lvRnuwxmUoC&pg=PA92
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>
The aqueduct water shifted farming in the area from dry crops, such as wheat, to irrigated crops, such as corn, beans, squash, and cotton; orchards of [[apricot]]s, [[persimmon]]s, and [[walnut]]s; and major citrus groves of oranges and lemons.<ref name=fiction/> They continued until the next increment of development converted land use, with postwar [[urban sprawl|suburbanization]] leaving only a few enclaves, such as the "open-air museum" groves at the [[Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center|Orcutt Ranch Park]] and [[California State University, Northridge#Locations of interest|CSUN campus]].

;Developments

In 1909, the Suburban Homes Company, a syndicate led by [[Hobart Johnstone Whitley|H.&nbsp;J. Whitley]], general manager of the board of control, along with [[Harry Chandler]], [[Harrison Gray Otis (publisher)|Harrison Gray Otis]], M. H. Sherman, and Otto F. Brant purchased 48,000 acres of the Farming and Milling Company for $2,500,000.<ref>Mulholland, Catherine. ''The Owensmouth Baby - The Making of the San Fernando Valley'' Santa Susana Press, California, 1987; p. 18-20.</ref> [[Henry E. Huntington]] extended his [[Pacific Electric Railway]] (Red Cars) through the Valley to [[Owensmouth]] (now Canoga Park). The Suburban Home Company laid out plans for roads and the towns of Van Nuys, Reseda (Marian), and Canoga Park (Owensmouth). The rural areas were annexed into the city of Los Angeles in 1915.<ref name=fiction>{{cite book| author=George L. Henderson| title=California and the Fictions of Capital| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmGfzj-X5qIC&pg=PA199| access-date=8 August 2012| date=1 February 2003| publisher=Temple University Press| isbn=978-1-59213-198-3| page=199| archive-date=2020-08-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820011312/https://books.google.com/books?id=WmGfzj-X5qIC&pg=PA199| dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Raftery1992">{{cite book| author=Judith R. Raftery| title=Land of Fair Promise: Politics and Reform in Los Angeles Schools 1885 – 1941| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzasAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA112| access-date=7 May 2013| year=1992| publisher=Stanford University Press| isbn=978-0-8047-1930-8| page=112| archive-date=2020-11-06| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106052231/https://books.google.com/books?id=KzasAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA112| dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles|Laurel Canyon]] and [[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|Lankershim]] in 1923,<ref name="Wanamaker2011">{{cite book| author=Marc Wanamaker| title=San Fernando Valley| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KAcw3k3OU-sC&pg=PA45| access-date=7 May 2013| date=27 June 2011| publisher=Arcadia Publishing| isbn=978-0-7385-7157-7| archive-date=2020-08-19| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819134323/https://books.google.com/books?id=KAcw3k3OU-sC&pg=PA45| dead-url=no}}</ref>{{rp|45}} [[Sunland-Tujunga, Los Angeles|Sunland]] in 1926,<ref name="Wanamaker2011"/>{{rp|29}} [[Sun Valley, Los Angeles|La Tuna Canyon]] in 1926, and the incorporated city of [[Sunland–Tujunga, Los Angeles|Tujunga]] in an eight-year process lasting from 1927 to 1935.<ref name="CrouchDinerman1963">{{cite book| author1=Winston Winford Crouch| author2=Beatrice Dinerman| title=Southern California Metropolis: A Study of Government for a Metropolitan Area| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jc34Vn17oQsC&pg=PA156| access-date=7 May 2013| year=1963| publisher=University of California Press| page=156| id=GGKEY:DB4Q1TGU95T| archive-date=2021-01-17| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117181905/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jc34Vn17oQsC&pg=PA156| dead-url=no}}</ref> These annexations more than doubled the area of the city.

Two valley cities incorporated independently from Los Angeles: [[Burbank, California|Burbank]] and [[San Fernando, California|San Fernando]] in 1911. [[Universal City, California|Universal City]] remains an unincorporated enclave that is home to [[Universal Studios]] and became home to [[Universal CityWalk]] later in the century. Other unincorporated areas in the valley include [[Bell Canyon, California|Bell Canyon]] and [[Kagel Canyon, California|Kagel Canyon]].

The advent of three new industries in the early 20th century—motion pictures, automobiles, and aircraft—also spurred urbanization and population growth. [[World War II]] production and the subsequent postwar boom accelerated this growth so that between 1945 and 1960, the valley's population had quintupled.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kotkin |first1=Joel |last2=Ozuna |first2=Erika |title=The Changing Face of the San Fernando Valley |url=http://publicpolicy.pepperdine.edu/davenport-institute/content/reports/changing-face.pdf |website=Pepperdine University |publisher=Pepperdine University |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=2020-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925093639/https://publicpolicy.pepperdine.edu/davenport-institute/content/reports/changing-face.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> Los Angeles continued to consolidate its territories in the San Fernando Valley by annexing the former [[Rancho El Escorpión]] for Canoga Park-[[West Hills, Los Angeles|West Hills]] in 1959, and the huge historic Porter Ranch at the foot of the [[Santa Susana Mountains]] for the new planned developments in [[Porter Ranch, Los Angeles|Porter Ranch]] in 1965.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}} The additions expanded the Los Angeles portion of San Fernando Valley from the original {{convert|169|sqmi|km2|0}} to {{convert|224|sqmi|km2|0}}.

In the late 1970s, there was a proposed east-west freeway labeled SR 64 that would have cut through the center of the valley from Calabasas in the western end of the valley to the SR-170 and I-5 freeway interchange in Sun Valley, Los Angeles in the eastern end of the valley, but local opposition gained traction and the proposed freeway was never approved or built.

;Pop culture
In the 1980s, a distinctive valley youth culture was recognized in the media, particularly in the 1982 [[Frank Zappa]] / [[Moon Zappa]] song [[Valley Girl (song)|"Valley Girl"]] and the 1983 film ''[[Valley Girl (1983 film)|Valley Girl]]''.<ref name="WSJ_2018.03.29" />  These helped fix the socio-economic stereotype of the "[[Valley girl]]" into the public consciousness, including a distinct Valley accent.<ref>{{cite news |last=Demarest |first=Michael |title=Living: How Toe-dully Max Is Their Valley |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925750,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015060736/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925750,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 15, 2010 |newspaper=[[時代雜誌]] |date=September 27, 1982 |access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref><ref name="wildflower7">{{cite book |last1=Barrymore |first1=Drew |author-link=Drew Barrymore |title=Wildflower |date=2015 |publisher=Dutton |location=New York |isbn=9781101983799 |oclc=904421431 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/wildflower0000barr/page/2 2; 7] |quote=As if I had been lobotomized, we packed our things and moved into our new home, indeed in Sherman Oaks, in 1983. It's why I still talk like a valley girl. That cadence snuck into my life at that spongelike age of eight and never left. |url=https://archive.org/details/wildflower0000barr/page/2 }}</ref>

;Northridge earthquake
{{Main|1994 Northridge earthquake}}
The 1994 [[Northridge, Los Angeles|Northridge]] earthquake struck on January 17 and measured 6.7 on the [[Moment magnitude scale]]. It produced the largest ground motions ever recorded in an urban environment and was the first earthquake that had its hypocenter located directly under a U.S. city since the [[1933 Long Beach earthquake|Long Beach earthquake of 1933]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.data.scec.org/significant/northridge1994.html|title=Significant Earthquakes and Faults, Northridge Earthquake|publisher=Southern California Earthquake Data Center|access-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006115519/http://www.data.scec.org/significant/northridge1994.html|archive-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref> It caused the greatest damage in the United States since the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]].<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/office/wald/Northridge/bull.html| title=The Slip History of the 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake Determined from Strong Ground Motion, Teleseismic, GPS, and Leveling Data| author=David J. Wald| journal=Bulletin of the Seismic Society of America| volume=86| access-date=August 8, 2012| display-authors=etal| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709090640/http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/office/wald/Northridge/bull.html| archive-date=July 9, 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref> Although given the name Northridge, the epicenter was located in the community of [[Reseda, Los Angeles|Reseda]], between Arminta and Ingomar streets, just west of Reseda Boulevard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.data.scec.org/significant/northridge1994.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-10-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006115519/http://www.data.scec.org/significant/northridge1994.html |archive-date=2014-10-06 }}</ref> The death toll was 57, and more than 1,500 people were seriously injured. A few days after the earthquake, 9,000 homes and businesses were still without electricity; 20,000 were without gas; and more than 48,500 had little or no water. About 12,500 structures were moderately to severely damaged, which left thousands of people temporarily homeless. Of the 66,546 buildings inspected, 6 percent were severely damaged (red tagged) and 17 percent were moderately damaged (yellow tagged). In addition, damage to several major freeways serving Los Angeles choked the traffic system in the days following the earthquake. Major freeway damage occurred as far away as {{convert|25|mi}} from the epicenter. Collapses and other severe damage forced closure of portions of 11 major roads to downtown Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/1994-0117_NorthridgeEarthquake/quake/01_EQE_exsummary.htm| title=The January 17, 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake| date=March 1994| publisher=EQE| access-date=August 8, 2012| archive-date=2020-08-06| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806232708/http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/1994-0117_NorthridgeEarthquake/quake/01_EQE_exsummary.htm| dead-url=no}}</ref>

This was the second time in 23 years that the San Fernando Valley had been affected by a strong earthquake. On February 9, 1971, a magnitude-6.5 event struck about {{convert|20|mi}} northeast of the epicenter of the 1994 event. The 1971 earthquake caused 58 fatalities and about 2,000 injuries. At the time, the [[1971 San Fernando earthquake]] was the most destructive event to affect greater Los Angeles since the magnitude-6.3 Long Beach earthquake of 1933.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.data.scec.org/significant/sanfernando1971.html| title=San Fernando Earthquake| publisher=Southern California Earthquake Data Center| access-date=October 14, 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407061651/http://www.data.scec.org/significant/sanfernando1971.html| archive-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref>

=== 21st century ===
;Contemporary era
By the late 1990s, the San Fernando Valley had become more urban and more ethnically diverse with rising poverty and crime. In 2002, the valley tried to secede from the city of Los Angeles and become its own incorporated city to escape Los Angeles' perceived poverty, crime, gang activity, [[urban decay]], and poorly maintained infrastructure. Since that unsuccessful secession attempt, a new Van Nuys municipal building was built in 2003; the Metro Orange Line opened in October 2005; 35 new public schools had opened up by 2012, and the valley's ethnic plurality is now Hispanic, edging out its white population by 0.8 percent.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

By 2017, numerous urban development projects began in the valley, mainly in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of North Hollywood, Panorama City, and Woodland Hills. These projects started with the first few in Woodland Hills and the NoHo West project in North Hollywood began groundbreaking and construction on April 6, 2017.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

LA Metro will begin construction on upgrades of the Metro G Line in 2021 with at-grade crossing gates and two bridges crossing both Sepulveda and Van Nuys Boulevards. The valley will get its first light rail line in seven decades by 2027, with construction of the line beginning in 2021 along Van Nuys Boulevard and San Fernando Road.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

{{transf}}
== 公园场所 ==
{{transh}}
The San Fernando Valley is home to numerous neighborhood city parks, recreation areas and large Regional [[Nature reserve|Open Space preserves]]. Many preserves are maintained as public parkland by the National Park Service's [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], the [[List of California state parks|California State Parks]], and local county and municipal parks districts.

=== Small garden parks and missions ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[The Japanese Garden]]
* The gardens at Adobes
* The [[Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center]]
* The [[Leonis Adobe]]
* The [[Rómulo Pico Adobe|Andrés Pico adobe]]
* [[Los Encinos State Historic Park]]
* [[Mission San Fernando]]
{{div col end}}

=== Recreation areas ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Griffith Park]], located at the southeastern end of the valley in the [[Hollywood Hills]]
* [[Sepulveda Dam]] recreation area
* [[Hansen Dam#Hansen Dam Recreation Center|Hansen Dam recreation area]]
* [[Los Angeles River]], with parks of various sizes along the part of the river located in the valley
{{div col end}}

=== Mountain open-space parks ===
[[File:Victory Gateway at Upper Los Virgenes.JPG|缩略图|右|300px|Victory Trailhead to the [[Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve]], [[West Hills, Los Angeles|West Hills]]]]
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Backbone Trail]] System
* [[Bell Canyon Park]]
* Brand Park
* Chatsworth Park South
* Deukmejian Wilderness Park
* [[El Escorpión Park]]
* [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]]
* La Tuna Park
* Laurel Canyon Park
* [[Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park]]
* [[O'Melveny Park]] above Granada Hills
* [[Rocky Peak|Rocky Peak Park]]
* [[Sage Ranch Park]] (located in [[Simi Valley]])
* San Vicente Mountain Park, above Encino
* [[Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park]]
* [[Topanga State Park]]
* [[Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve]]
* Verdugo Mountains Open Space Preserve
* Wilacre Park
* Wildwood Canyon Park, above Burbank
* Wilson Canyon Park, above Sylmar 
{{div col end}}

{{transf}}
== 市政社区 ==
{{transh}}
[[File:Location map San Fernando Valley.png|缩略图|450x450px|Map of the San Fernando Valley]]

=== Incorporated cities (independent)<ref name=":0" /> ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Burbank, California|Burbank]]
* [[Calabasas, California|Calabasas]]
* [[Glendale, California|Glendale]]
* [[Hidden Hills, California|Hidden Hills]]
* [[Los Angeles]]
* [[San Fernando, California|San Fernando]]
{{div col end}}

=== Unincorporated communities ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Universal City, California|Universal City]]
* West Chatsworth
{{div col end}}

=== City of Los Angeles neighborhoods of the San Fernando Valley<ref>{{Cite web|title=City Boundary|url=https://geohub.lacity.org/datasets/09f503229d37414a8e67a7b6ceb9ec43_7?geometry=-120.390,33.621,-116.434,34.418|access-date=2021-05-20|website=geohub.lacity.org|language=en|archive-date=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406235036/https://geohub.lacity.org/datasets/09f503229d37414a8e67a7b6ceb9ec43_7?geometry=-120.390,33.621,-116.434,34.418|dead-url=no}}</ref> ===
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Arleta, Los Angeles|Arleta]]
* [[Canoga Park, Los Angeles|Canoga Park]]
* [[Chatsworth, Los Angeles|Chatsworth]]
* [[Encino, Los Angeles|Encino]]
* [[Granada Hills, Los Angeles|Granada Hills]]
* [[Lake Balboa, Los Angeles|Lake Balboa]]
* [[Lake View Terrace, Los Angeles|Lake View Terrace]]
* [[Mission Hills, Los Angeles|Mission Hills]]
* [[NoHo Arts District, Los Angeles|NoHo Arts District]]
* [[North Hills, Los Angeles|North Hills]]
* [[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]]
* [[Northridge, Los Angeles|Northridge]]
* [[Pacoima, Los Angeles|Pacoima]]
* [[Panorama City, Los Angeles|Panorama City]]
* [[Porter Ranch, Los Angeles|Porter Ranch]]
* [[Reseda, Los Angeles|Reseda]]
* [[Shadow Hills, Los Angeles|Shadow Hills]]<sup>'''+'''</sup>
* [[Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles|Sherman Oaks]]
* [[Northridge, Los Angeles|Sherwood Forest]]
* [[Studio City, Los Angeles|Studio City]]
* [[Sun Valley, Los Angeles|Sun Valley]]
* [[Sylmar, Los Angeles|Sylmar]]
* [[Tarzana, Los Angeles|Tarzana]]
* [[Toluca Lake, Los Angeles|Toluca Lake]]
* Toluca Terrace
* Toluca Woods
* [[Valley Glen, Los Angeles|Valley Glen]]
* [[Valley Village, Los Angeles|Valley Village]]
* [[Van Nuys, Los Angeles|Van Nuys]]
* [[Warner Center, Los Angeles|Warner Center]]
* [[West Hills, Los Angeles|West Hills]]
* [[Winnetka, Los Angeles|Winnetka]]
* [[Woodland Hills, Los Angeles|Woodland Hills]]
{{div col end}}

<sup>'''+'''</sup> These communities are also included in the [[Crescenta Valley]].''

{{transf}}
== 经济情况 ==
{{transh}}
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2014}}
The Valley is home to numerous companies, the most well known of which work in motion pictures, music recording, and television production. The former [[movie ranch]]es were branches of original studios now consisting of [[CBS]] Studio Center, [[NBCUniversal]], [[The Walt Disney Company]] (and its [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] television network), and [[Warner Bros.]]

The valley was previously known for advances in [[aerospace]] technology and [[nuclear research]] by companies such as [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]], [[Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne|Rocketdyne]] and its [[Santa Susana Field Laboratory]], [[Atomics International]], [[Litton Industries]], [[Marquardt Corporation|Marquardt]], and TRW's predecessor [[TRW Inc.|Thompson Ramo Wooldridge]].

=== Adult entertainment ===
The valley became the pioneering region for producing adult films in the 1970s and grew to become home to a multibillion-dollar [[Pornography in the United States|pornography industry]], earning the monikers Porn Valley,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2207658/|title=Louis Theroux: Twilight of the Porn Stars|date=10 June 2012|access-date=13 October 2017|website=IMDb.com|archive-date=2019-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910040541/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2207658/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="SheumakerWajda2008">{{cite book| first1=Helen| last1=Sheumaker| first2=Shirley Teresa| last2=Wajda| title=Material Culture in America: Understanding Everyday Life| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JjVlAzj9qDQC&pg=PA406| access-date=8 August 2012| year=2008| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-1-57607-647-7| page=406| archive-date=2020-08-19| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819132552/https://books.google.com/books?id=JjVlAzj9qDQC&pg=PA406| dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Robinson|first=Melia|date=September 29, 2017|title=How LA's 'Porn Valley' became the adult entertainment capital of the world|language=en-US|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-porn-valley-hugh-hefner-2017-9|access-date=2021-11-20|archive-date=2022-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415080645/https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-porn-valley-hugh-hefner-2017-9|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-01-12|title=Porn industry still at home in San Fernando Valley despite condom laws, Web, piracy|url=https://www.dailynews.com/social-affairs/20150112/porn-industry-still-at-home-in-san-fernando-valley-despite-condom-laws-web-piracy|access-date=2021-11-20|work=Daily News|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816090613/http://www.dailynews.com/social-affairs/20150112/porn-industry-still-at-home-in-san-fernando-valley-despite-condom-laws-web-piracy|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Breast implant#Silicone gel implants|Silicone Valley]] (in contrast to [[Silicon Valley]], nickname for the Santa Clara Valley),<ref name=epicenter>{{cite book
|title= Epicenter: San Francisco Bay Area Art Now
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E1DWC54P-MoC
|pages= 234
|isbn= 0811835413
|publisher= Chronicle Books
|year= 2002
|last1= Johnstone
|first1= Mark
|last2= Holzman
|first2= Leslie Aboud
|quote= [...] the San Fernando Valley, also known as The Valley [...] Although San Fernando Valley in this context is snidely referred to as Silicone Valley and the Valley of Sin [...]
|access-date= 2022-02-27
|archive-date= 2020-10-01
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201001164720/https://books.google.com/books?id=E1DWC54P-MoC
|dead-url= no
}}</ref><ref>{{citation
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0F0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA142
|title= Los Angeles Magazine
|pages= 142
|date= December 1998
|last1= Gardetta
|first1= Dave
|accessdate= 2022-02-27
|archive-date= 2022-04-06
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220406235256/https://books.google.com/books?id=0F0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA142
|dead-url= no
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/oct/13/us-porn-actor-hiv-positive
|title = US porn industry thrown into crisis after actor tests positive for HIV
|date = 13 October 2010
|first1 = Ed
|last1 = Pilkington
|work = [[The Guardian]]
|quote = The San Fernando valley has become the focal point of the porn industry since the 1970s. It has been dubbed the San Pornando valley and Silicone Valley, a play on the prevalence on artificially enhanced breasts.
|accessdate = 2022-02-27
|archive-date = 2017-05-25
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170525075910/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/oct/13/us-porn-actor-hiv-positive
|dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|title=International Handbook of Globalization and World Cities
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xx6f66uShzQC&pg=PA301
|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing
|last1=Derudder
|first1=Ben
|year=2012
|pages=301
|isbn=9781781001011
|quote=[...] the acknowledged centre of porn has, since the 1970s, been San Fernando (or Silicone Valley, as it is sometimes dubbed), which currently accounts for around two thirds of listed adult entertainment production studios [...]
|access-date=2022-02-27
|archive-date=2022-04-06
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406235153/https://books.google.com/books?id=Xx6f66uShzQC&pg=PA301
|dead-url=no
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XC0QDlW3YFAC&pg=PA117
|title=Global Sex
|publisher=University of Chicago Press
|last1=Altman
|first1=Dennis
|year=2010
|pages=117
|isbn=9780226016047
|quote=Most of the U.S. pornography industry is centered in Los Angeles's San Fernando Valley north of Hollywood, so much so that one area is known locally as Silicone Valley.
|access-date=2022-02-27
|archive-date=2016-05-06
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506064149/https://books.google.com/books?id=XC0QDlW3YFAC&pg=PA117
|dead-url=no
}}</ref> and San Pornando Valley.<ref name="Lasica2005">{{cite book |first1=J. D. |last1=Lasica |title=Darknet: Hollywood's war against the digital generation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5ADAQAAIAAJ |access-date=8 August 2012 |date=18 April 2005 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-471-68334-6 |page=157 |archive-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820015857/https://books.google.com/books?id=X5ADAQAAIAAJ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="CBS News">{{cite news|last=Chan|first=Sue|title=San Fernando's Open Secret|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/san-fernandos-open-secret/|access-date=29 January 2014|newspaper=CBS News|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013739/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/san-fernandos-open-secret/|dead-url=no}}</ref> The leading trade paper for the industry, [[AVN (magazine)|''AVN'']] magazine, is based in the Northwest Valley, as were a majority of U.S. adult video and magazine distributors. The Paul Thomas Anderson film, ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' explores these aspects of the valley. According to the HBO series ''[[Pornucopia]]'', at one time, nearly 90 percent of all legally distributed pornographic films made in the United States were either filmed in or produced by studios based in the San Fernando Valley.
The pornography industry began to decline by the mid-2000s, owing, for the most part, to the growing amount of free content on the Internet, which undercut consumers' willingness to pay. In 2007 industry insiders estimated that revenue for most adult production and distribution companies had declined 30 percent to 50 percent and the number of new films made had fallen sharply.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/10/business/fi-ct-porn10| title=Tough times in the porn industry| access-date=August 8, 2012| date=August 10, 2009| first1=Ben| last1=Fritz| work=Los Angeles Times| archive-date=2018-10-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020034601/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/10/business/fi-ct-porn10| dead-url=no}}</ref>

=== Utilities and infrastructure ===
Most of the utilities in the valley are served by public municipal governments, primarily the cities of [[Los Angeles]], and [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], while there are only two private-owned utilities for gas and electricity in the valley as well. [[Southern California Edison]] has their overhead power lines going through the city of Burbank and through the Los Angeles city neighborhoods of Sylmar, Mission Hills, Arleta, North Hollywood, Studio City, Woodland Hills, Granada Hills, Porter Ranch, and Chatsworth as well. Internet, cable television, and cellular phone service in the valley are by large private companies.

The valley is served by the following utility companies:

'''Electricity'''

* [[Los Angeles Department of Water and Power]] (serves the entire [[Los Angeles]] city section of the valley, which is two thirds of the land area, and is also the largest electric utility in the San Fernando Valley)
* Burbank Water and Power
* [[Southern California Edison]] (serves the cities of San Fernando, Calabasas, and Hidden Hills)<ref>{{cite web
| title =SCE Service Territory Cities
| url =http://www.edison.com/files/SCETerritory.pdf
| access-date =April 6, 2014
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131102040140/http://www.edison.com/files/SCETerritory.pdf
| archive-date =November 2, 2013
| url-status =dead
}}</ref>

'''Natural gas'''

* [[Southern California Gas Company]]

'''Water'''

* [[Los Angeles Department of Water and Power]] (serves the entire [[Los Angeles]] city section of the valley, which is two thirds of the land area)
* Burbank Water and Power
* City of San Fernando
* [[Metropolitan Water District]]

'''Internet and Cable Television'''

* [[AT&T]]
* [[Frontier Communications]]
* [[Charter Communications]] (Spectrum)

'''Cell Phone Service'''

* [[AT&T]]
* [[T-Mobile]]
* [[Cricket Wireless]]
* [[Verizon Wireless]]

'''Sanitation'''

* City of Los Angeles
* City of San Fernando (''Republic Services, Inc.'')
* City of Burbank

{{transf}}
== 交通运输 ==
{{transh}}
[[File:Intersections in Van Nuys in 2002.jpg|200px|右|缩略图|[[Victory Boulevard (Los Angeles)|Victory Boulevard]] in Van Nuys, lined with low-rise commercial establishments, is typical of the broad, straight boulevards in the San Fernando Valley. Photo, 2002.]]

=== Freeways ===
Major [[freeway]]s cross the Valley, including [[Interstate 405 (California)|Interstate 405]] (San Diego Freeway), [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] (Ventura Freeway/Hollywood Freeway), [[California State Route 118|State Route 118]] (Ronald Reagan Freeway), [[California State Route 170|State Route 170]] (Hollywood Freeway), [[Interstate 210 (California)|Interstate 210]] (Foothill Freeway), and [[Interstate 5 in California|Interstate 5]] (Golden State Freeway). Notable streets include [[Sepulveda Boulevard]], [[Ventura Boulevard]], [[Laurel Canyon Boulevard]], [[San Fernando Road]], [[Victory Boulevard (Los Angeles)|Victory Boulevard]], [[Reseda Boulevard]], [[Riverside Drive (Los Angeles)|Riverside Drive]], [[Mulholland Drive]], and [[California State Route 27|State Route 27]] (Topanga Canyon Boulevard).

=== Rapid transit ===
[[Rapid transit|Subway]], [[bus rapid transit|dedicated transitway]], and express and local buses, provided by many agencies, serve the San Fernando Valley. Some of the former [[Right-of-way (transportation)|rights-of-way]] of the [[Pacific Electric Railway]], which first accelerated population growth in the Valley,<ref name="Gumprecht2001">{{cite book| author=Blake Gumprecht| title=The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ftBJpp7aIoC&pg=PA118| access-date=9 August 2012| date=1 March 2001| publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press| isbn=978-0-8018-6642-5| page=118| archive-date=2016-06-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603054338/https://books.google.com/books?id=2ftBJpp7aIoC&pg=PA118| dead-url=no}}</ref> have been repurposed for busways and light rail lines.

The [[Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] operates two [[B Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Metro B Line]] subway stations in the Valley, which are located at [[Universal City, California|Universal City]] and North Hollywood, which connect it directly to [[Hollywood]] and [[Downtown Los Angeles]]. The Metro B Line is the first heavy rail subway in the valley, extended from its prior terminus in 2000. With transfers, it connects the Valley to the entire [[Los Angeles Metro Rail|Metro regional light rail and subway network]]. The B Line's two Valley subway stations provide access to national travel through [[Bob Hope Airport]] and [[Amtrak]] and regional travel through [[Metrolink (Southern California)|Metrolink]], [[Metro Rapid]], [[Metro Local]], and the [[G Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Metro G Line]]. Metro approved a new light rail line, the [[East San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor]]. A new north–south light rail line on Van Nuys Boulevard from the G Line Van Nuys Station is planned. Construction is set to begin in 2021 with a completion date of 2027.

The G Line busway uses a dedicated transitway route running the east–west length of the Valley connecting the [[North Hollywood (Los Angeles Metro station)|North Hollywood B Line Station]] to the [[Warner Center Transit Hub]] in [[Woodland Hills, Los Angeles|Woodland Hills]] and then heads north through [[Canoga Park, Los Angeles|Canoga Park]] to the [[Chatsworth, Los Angeles|Chatsworth]] [[Metrolink (Southern California)|Metrolink]] train station.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.metro.net/projects/orangeline/| title=Orangeline Extension| publisher=metro.net| access-date=August 9, 2012| archive-date=2012-08-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808062731/http://www.metro.net/projects/orangeline/| dead-url=no}}</ref>

Two additional Metro Busway lines are planned for the Valley operating from North Hollywood station: the [[North Hollywood–Pasadena Transit Line]] which will run to Pasadena with connections to the [[L Line (Los Angeles Metro)|L Line]], and the [[North San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor]] which will provide additional east-west services complimenting the G Line. Metro is also studying a route through the [[Sepulveda Pass]], the [[Sepulveda Pass Transit Corridor]], including heavy rail and [[monorail]] alternatives.

=== Rail and air ===
[[Metrolink (Southern California)|Metrolink]] [[commuter rail]] has two Valley lines, the [[Antelope Valley Line]] and [[Ventura County Line]], which connect the Valley and beyond to downtown Los Angeles and south, becoming one line at the [[Downtown Burbank station]]. Metrolink always had one Burbank Airport station on the Ventura County Line, but a second Burbank Airport station was built in 2017 on the Antelope Valley Line.

[[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Pacific Surfliner]]'' long-distance rail line has stops at [[Burbank–Bob Hope Airport (Metrolink station)|Burbank Airport station]], Van Nuys, and [[Chatsworth Station]], before proceeding on to [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]], [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], and [[Northern California]] or [[Union Station (Los Angeles)|Union Station]] and [[聖地牙哥 (加利福尼亞州)|San Diego]].

The [[California High-Speed Rail Authority]] was planning two stations in the Valley, one in [[Burbank, California|Burbank]] and the other in [[Sylmar, Los Angeles|Sylmar]], but the proposed Sylmar high-speed rail station was canceled owing to local opposition from the city of San Fernando. As of now, there's only one planned station in the valley, located in Burbank with an initial section of the railroad possibly opening in 2029.

The Valley's two major airports are [[Hollywood Burbank Airport]] and the [[Van Nuys Airport]]. The Van Nuys–Airport FlyAway Terminal provides nonstop scheduled shuttle service to LAX and back to the valley, with parking.

{{transf}}
== 教育 ==
{{transh}}
Public schools in the San Fernando Valley are served by three unified school districts; The Northwest and East Regions of the [[Los Angeles Unified School District]], the [[Glendale Unified School District]] and the [[Burbank Unified School District]]. There are four community colleges in the valley; [[Los Angeles Valley College]] in Valley Glen, [[Los Angeles Mission College]] in Sylmar, and [[Los Angeles Pierce College]] in Woodland Hills. All except Glendale College are served by the [[Los Angeles Community College District]]. The only state university in the San Fernando Valley is [[California State University Northridge]] in Northridge.

In 1994 there were 180,000 PK-12 students attending [[Los Angeles Unified School District]] (LAUSD) campuses in the Valley. During the same year, about 45,000 PK-12 students, or one in five of all such students, attended the over 200 private schools in the Valley.<ref>"[https://articles.latimes.com/1994-11-30/local/me-3217_1_private-schools Choosing A Campus : A Guide To the Largest Private Schools in the Valley] {{Wayback|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1994-11-30/local/me-3217_1_private-schools |date=20170525062147 }}." ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. November 30, 1994. Valley Briefing. Retrieved on March 23, 2014.</ref>

{{transf}}
== 文化 ==
{{transh}}

Cultural assets in the San Fernando Valley include:

* ''The [[Great Wall of Los Angeles]]'' – A {{convert|2,754|ft|adj=on}}-long mural designed by [[Judy Baca]] and painted on the sides of the Tujunga Wash, depicting the history of California.
* The [[Mission San Fernando Rey de España]] - Is a Spanish mission in the Mission Hills district of Los Angeles, California. The mission was founded on September 8, 1797, and was the seventeenth of the twenty-one Spanish missions established in Alta California. Named for Saint Ferdinand, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Fernando and the San Fernando Valley.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://californiamissionsfoundation.org/mission-san-fernando/ |title=History of Mission San Fernando Rey de España |publisher=California Missions Foundation |access-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-date=2019-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028003352/http://californiamissionsfoundation.org/mission-san-fernando/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

=== Museums ===
San Fernando Valley museums:

* The [[Nethercutt Collection]] – Museum in Sylmar best known for its collection of classic automobiles, also has collections of mechanical musical instruments and antique furniture.
*[[Valley Relics Museum]] – Museum in Van Nuys dedicated to the history and pop culture of the San Fernando Valley. It was once located in [[Chatsworth, California]]. 
* Gordon R. Howard Museum complex in [[Burbank, California]]. 
*[[Autry Museum of the American West]] – near Burbank in Griffith Park.
*[[Travel Town Museum]] – near Burbank in Griffith Park.
*[[Discovery Cube Orange County|Discovery Cube Los Angeles]] - Children's museum in [[Hansen Dam]].
*The Museum of the San Fernando Valley in [[Northridge, Los Angeles|Northridge]].

=== Convention center ===
The San Fernando Valley has a convention center located in the city of Burbank, east of the Burbank Airport, at the Marriott Hotel.

=== Performing arts venues ===
San Fernando Valley performing arts venues:

* The [[Starlight Bowl (Burbank, California)|Starlight Bowl]] – A 5,000-capacity amphitheater built in 1950, located in Burbank.
* The [[Valley Performing Arts Center]] – Located on the CSUN campus, features a 1,700-seat concert hall.

=== Amusement parks ===
The San Fernando Valley once had an amusement park in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles. [[Busch Gardens]] was located at the Budweiser brewery in the middle of the valley, but it was torn down in the late 1970s to make room for a massive brewery expansion. As of now, the only amusement park in the San Fernando Valley is [[Universal Studios Hollywood]] in unincorporated Universal City.

{{transf}}
== 医疗保健 ==
{{transh}}
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2014}}
There are two Kaiser Permanente hospitals serving the San Fernando Valley, one in [[Panorama City, Los Angeles|Panorama City]] and one in [[Woodland Hills, Los Angeles|Woodland Hills]]. Also, there are two Providence hospitals, in Burbank and Mission Hills. Besides Kaiser Permanente and Providence hospitals, most of the valley is served by non-profit hospitals such as: [[Valley Presbyterian Hospital]] in Van Nuys, [[Northridge Hospital Medical Center]] in Northridge, [[Olive View – UCLA Medical Center]] in Sylmar, [[Encino Hospital Medical Center]] in Encino, [[Providence Tarzana Medical Center]] in Tarzana, and [[Sherman Oaks Hospital]] in Sherman Oaks.

{{transf}}
== 獨立與分裂 ==
{{transh}}
<!-- This section is linked from [[Secession]] -->

=== Independence movements ===
The Valley attempted to secede in the 1970s, but the state passed a law barring city formation without the approval of the City Council. In 1997, Assemblymen [[Robert Hertzberg|Bob Hertzberg]] and [[Tom McClintock]] helped pass a bill that would make it easier for the Valley to secede by removing the City Council veto. AB 62 was signed into law by Governor [[Pete Wilson]]. Meanwhile, a grassroots movement to split the [[Los Angeles Unified School District]] (LAUSD) and create new San Fernando Valley-based school districts became the focal point of the desire to leave the city. Though the state rejected the idea of Valley-based districts, it remained an important rallying point for Hertzberg's mayoral campaign, which proved unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/29/us/los-angeles-long-fragmented-faces-threat-of-secession-by-the-sanfernando-valley.html |title=Los Angeles, Long Fragmented, Faces Threat of Secession by the San Fernando Valley |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=B. Drummond |last=Ayres Jr. |date=May 29, 1996 |access-date=1 October 2016 |archive-date=2017-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901160533/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/29/us/los-angeles-long-fragmented-faces-threat-of-secession-by-the-sanfernando-valley.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

;Measure F

In 2002, the San Fernando Valley portion of Los Angeles again seriously campaigned to [[secession|secede]] from the rest of the city and become its own new independent and incorporated city. The movement gained some momentum, but measure F did not receive the necessary votes to pass. There were multiple name choices for the new city. "Valley City" was the chosen name for the new city. Among the proposed names for the new city were "Mission Valley", "Rancho San Fernando", "Camelot", or "Townsville".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pdf.oac.cdlib.org/pdf/cnos/urba/csun_urb_vote_oac.pdf |title=Guide to the Valley Voters Organized Toward Empowerment Collection |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2012 |publisher=Online Archive of California |access-date=September 17, 2020 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128060307/http://pdf.oac.cdlib.org/pdf/cnos/urba/csun_urb_vote_oac.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kahn |first=Joseph |date=April 20, 2002 |title=San Fernando Valley Looks To a Life After Los Angeles |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/20/us/san-fernando-valley-looks-to-a-life-after-los-angeles.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 17, 2020 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120140818/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/20/us/san-fernando-valley-looks-to-a-life-after-los-angeles.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sauerwein |first=Kristina |date=March 18, 2003 |title=Champion of Valley Secession Passes Control to New Leader |work=Los Angeles Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=It's Right on the Tip of Their Tongues; Secession: Residents of Valley and harbor area narrow list of possible names |work=Los Angeles Times |date=April 3, 2002 }}</ref>

=== District renamings ===
The NoHo Arts District was established and the name chosen as a reference for its location in North Hollywood and as a play off New York City's arts-centered [[SoHo]] District. According to the ''San Fernando Guide'', the change helped develop a "primarily lower to middle-class suburb into … a collection of art and a home for the artists who ply their trade in the galleries, theaters and dance studios in this small annex."<ref>{{cite web| title=San Fernando Valley Neighborhoods| url=http://sanfernandoguide.com/neighborhoods/noho-arts-district| work=San Fernando Valley Guide| access-date=June 20, 2013| archive-date=2013-02-11| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211174952/http://sanfernandoguide.com/neighborhoods/noho-arts-district/| dead-url=no}}</ref>

According to the Lake Balboa Neighborhood Council, from 2002 through November 2007 there was a debate about the official recognition of [[Lake Balboa, Los Angeles|Lake Balboa]] as a community by the City of Los Angeles. New community names were not sanctioned by the city until January 2006, when the city adopted a formal community-naming process (City of Los Angeles Council File Number 02 -0196). On November 2, 2007, the City Council of Los Angeles approved a motion renaming a larger portion of Van Nuys to Lake Balboa.<ref>{{cite web| title=Lake Balboa Neighborhood Council Newsletter| url=http://lakebalboanc.org/newsletters/LBNCAprilNumber2.pdf| website=Lakebalboanc.org| access-date=June 21, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812030704/http://lakebalboanc.org/newsletters/LBNCAprilNumber2.pdf| archive-date=August 12, 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{transf}}
== 人口统计 ==
{{transh}}
<!-- 檔案不存在 [[File:San Fernando Mission 010a.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Mission San Fernando Rey de España]] gardens]] ，可從英文維基百科取得 -->

As of 2012 the population of the San Fernando Valley was 1.77 million, of which 41.8 percent were [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]], 41.0 percent were [[Non-Hispanic Whites|non-Hispanic white]], 12.7 percent were [[Asian American|Asian]] and 4.6 percent were [[African American]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212210916/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP05&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|publisher=census.gov|title=American Fact-Finder results for San Fernando Valley CCD, Los Angeles County, California|access-date=January 25, 2014}}</ref> The largest city located entirely in the valley is [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], with over 107,000 residents. The most populous districts of Los Angeles in the Valley are [[Van Nuys, Los Angeles|Van Nuys]] and [[Pacoima, Los Angeles|Pacoima]], which like the city of [[Burbank, California|Burbank]] have more than 100,000 residents each. Despite the San Fernando Valley's reputation for sprawling, low-density development, the valley communities of [[Panorama City, Los Angeles|Panorama City]], North Hollywood, Van Nuys, [[Reseda, Los Angeles|Reseda]], [[Canoga Park, Los Angeles|Canoga Park]], and [[Northridge, Los Angeles|Northridge]], all in Los Angeles, have numerous apartment complexes and contain some of the densest census tracts in Los Angeles.

The San Fernando Valley has a significant population below the poverty level. About 30 percent of Valley households in 2009 earned less than $35,000 a year, including 10 percent who made less than $15,000 a year.<ref>{{cite news| title=Record numbers of poor in nation – with more in San Fernando Valley seeking assistance| url=http://www.dailynews.com/20110914/record-numbers-of-poor-in-nation-with-more-in-san-fernando-valley-seeking-assistance| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]| access-date=December 18, 2013| archive-date=2013-12-19| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219010024/http://www.dailynews.com/20110914/record-numbers-of-poor-in-nation-with-more-in-san-fernando-valley-seeking-assistance| dead-url=no}}</ref>
The Pacoima district, once considered the hub of suburban blight and of having the highest poverty rate, is no longer such. Other San Fernando Valley neighborhoods such as North Hollywood, Panorama City, and Arleta now have poverty rates which are higher.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zipatlas.com/us/ca/city-comparison/population-below-poverty-level.6.htm|title=Percentage of Population Below Poverty Level in California by City|first=ZipAtlas.com Development|last=Team|website=Zipatlas.com|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=2011-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628014018/http://zipatlas.com/us/ca/city-comparison/population-below-poverty-level.6.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
In general, the areas with lower poverty rates have become fewer and more scattered, while many of the now affluent communities have become compartmented, having their own private, planned and gated communities. Many of these tend to be on or near the borders of the Valley in the foothill regions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/poverty/poverty-San-Fernando-California.html|title=San Fernando, California (CA) poverty rate data - information about poor and low income residents living in this city|website=City-data.com|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=2013-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219055624/http://www.city-data.com/poverty/poverty-San-Fernando-California.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

{{transf}}
== 地产价值 ==
{{transh}}
In 1997, the [[median]] price of an average one-family home in the San Fernando Valley was only $155,000. In the summer of 2003, it reached $400,000 and by July 2005, it had reached $578,500. In August 2005, it rose to $600,000. A cooling off was noted in 2006, when between November 2005 and November 2006, median prices rose by the smallest amount of any 12-month period since mid-1997. Indeed, November prices were lower than October prices, and sales for November had fallen 19.1% compared to a year earlier.<ref>{{cite web| title=SFV Economy watch| url=http://www.csun.edu/sfverc/| work=San Fernando Valley Economic Research Center| publisher=[[California State University, Northridge]]| access-date=2022-02-27| archive-date=2012-12-04| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204235530/http://www.csun.edu/sfverc/| dead-url=no}}</ref> The [[United States housing market correction]] affected the San Fernando Valley in 2007–2009, making housing significantly more affordable in the area: the median sales price fell from $660,000 at the peak in May 2007, to $500,000 by March 2008,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csun.edu/sfverc/reports/pdfs/08/CSUN_SFV_Economic_Report_08.pdf |title= The CSUN San Fernando Valley Economic Report | date = 2008 |access-date=2008-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910174331/http://www.csun.edu/sfverc/reports/pdfs/08/CSUN_SFV_Economic_Report_08.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref> stabilizing in 2009 at around $330,000–$340,000.<ref>[http://www.dqnews.com/Charts/Annual-Charts/CA-City-Charts/ZIPCAR09.aspx California Home Sale Activity by City Chart] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dqnews.com/Charts/Annual-Charts/CA-City-Charts/ZIPCAR09.aspx |date=20120111130820 }}. DQNews. Retrieved on 2010-12-07.</ref> The San Fernando Valley is home to one of the most expensive housing markets in the country. The median home value as of July 2014 is $536,000, the highest in the region in 8 years.<ref>{{cite web| title=Valley Home Prices Hit Eight Year High| url=http://www.sfvbj.com/news/2014/jul/25/valley-home-prices-hit-eight-year-high| work=San Fernando Valley Blog Journal| publisher=San Fernando Valley Blog Journal| access-date=13 October 2017| archive-date=2014-07-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727193237/http://www.sfvbj.com/news/2014/jul/25/valley-home-prices-hit-eight-year-high/| dead-url=no}}</ref> As of 2017, the price of an average single family house in the San Fernando Valley was over $800,000, making the valley one of the most expensive places to live in the [[Los Angeles metropolitan area]].


{{transf}}
== 相关条目 ==
'''地點'''
* {{tsl|en|California State University Northridge Botanic Garden|加州州立大學北嶺植物園|CSUN植物園}}
* {{tsl|en|Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)|森林草皮紀念公園 (好萊塢山)|森林草皮紀念公園}}
* [[洛杉磯動物園]]及植物園
* {{tsl|en|Nestor Studios|內斯特電影公司}}, 山谷牧場
* {{tsl|en|Providencia Ranch|普羅維登西亞牧場}}, Oak Crest
* {{link-en|Rancho El Escorpión}}
* {{link-en|Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando}}
* {{link-en|Rancho Los Encinos}}
* {{link-en|Rancho Providencia}}, 1912年第一座電影城
* [[環球市]], 兩座山谷牧場地點

'''資訊'''
* * {{tsl|en|History of the San Fernando Valley|聖費爾南多谷的歷史|聖費爾南多谷的歷史(~1915年)}}
* {{tsl|en|List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in the San Fernando Valley|聖費爾南多谷的洛杉磯歷史文化古蹟列表}}
* {{tsl|en|Los Angeles Times suburban sections|''洛杉磯時報'' (郊區)|洛杉磯時報郊區}}

'''鄰近地區'''
* {{tsl|en|Conejo Valley|科內霍谷}}
* {{tsl|en|Crescenta Valley|克雷森塔谷}}
* [[聖蓋博谷]]
* {{tsl|en|Santa Clarita Valley|聖克拉麗塔谷}}
* {{tsl|en|Santa Clara River Valley|聖克拉拉河谷}}
* [[西米谷]]
*{{tsl|en|Verdugo Mountains|維爾杜戈山脈}}

'''社會學'''
* [[山谷女孩]]

== 参考资料 ==
{{ReflistH}}
{{Reflist|4}}
{{ReflistF}}

== 延伸阅读 ==
{{Commons|Category:San Fernando Valley|圣费尔南多谷}}
{{Wikivoyage|:en:San Fernando Valley|圣费尔南多谷}}

* {{cite book |author1=Laura R. Barraclough |title=Making the San Fernando Valley: Rural Landscapes, Urban Development, and White Privilege |date=2011 |publisher=University of Georgia Press |isbn=9780820335629 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e0WZGyA7qp4C |access-date=2020-11-13 |archive-date=2020-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216060438/https://books.google.com/books?id=e0WZGyA7qp4C |dead-url=no }}

* {{cite book |author1=Martin M. Cooper |title=North of Mulholland: Essays from the San Fernando Valley Business Journal |date=2010-03-25 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=9781449082130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAeeyt8x75MC |access-date=2020-11-13 |archive-date=2020-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201030928/https://books.google.com/books?id=kAeeyt8x75MC |dead-url=no }}

* {{cite book |author1=David Coscia |title=Pacific Electric Railway and the Growth of the San Fernando Valley |date=2011 |publisher=Shade Tree Books |isbn=9781578647354 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJt5uAAACAAJ |access-date=2020-11-13 |archive-date=2020-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216060358/https://books.google.com/books?id=FJt5uAAACAAJ |dead-url=no }}

* {{cite book |author1=Jake Klein |title=Then & Now: San Fernando Valley |date=2003 |publisher=Gibbs Smith |isbn=9781586852290 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04NDcqx9fNYC |access-date=2020-11-13 |archive-date=2016-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509182422/https://books.google.com/books?id=04NDcqx9fNYC |dead-url=no }}

* {{cite book |author1=Jackson Mayers |title=The San Fernando Valley |date=1976 |publisher=John D. McIntyre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAcSAQAAIAAJ |access-date=2020-11-13 |archive-date=2016-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514052920/https://books.google.com/books?id=UAcSAQAAIAAJ |dead-url=no }}

* {{cite book |author1=Kevin Roderick |title=The San Fernando Valley: America's Suburb |date=2001 |publisher=Los Angeles Times Books |isbn=9781883792558 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x08BAAAACAAJ |access-date=2020-11-13 |archive-date=2020-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216060452/https://books.google.com/books?id=x08BAAAACAAJ |dead-url=no }}

== 外部链接 ==
* [https://www.americassuburb.com/ 美国郊区] {{Wayback|url=https://www.americassuburb.com/ |date=20201216060456 }}——圣费尔南多谷的历史、传统与地方感{{en}}

{{Geographic location
| Center    = 圣费尔南多谷
| Northwest = [[西米谷]]{{·}}{{Link-en|圣塔苏珊娜山口|Santa Susana Pass}}{{·}}{{Link-en|洛矶峰|Rocky Peak}}
| North     = {{Link-en|圣塔苏珊娜山脉|Santa Susana Mountains}}{{·}}{{Link-en|118号加利福尼亚州州道|California State Route 118|118号州道}}{{-w}}{{Link-en|蒂洪山口|Tejon Pass}}{{-w}}[[圣塔克拉利塔]]
| Northeast = [[圣盖博山]]{{·}}[[210号州际公路和210号加利福尼亚州州道|210号州际公路]]
| East      = {{Link-en|维尔杜戈山脉|Verdugo Mountains}}{{·}}[[5号州际公路]]
| Southeast = [[格里斐斯公园]]
| South     = [[圣莫尼卡山]]{{·}}[[文图拉高速公路]]
| Southwest = [[圣莫尼卡山]]
| West      = {{Link-en|西米山|Simi Hills}}

}}
{{加利福尼亚州}}
{{Portal bar|美国|电影|色情}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:San, Fernando}}
[[Category:洛杉磯郡地理|洛杉磯郡地理]]
[[Category:聖費爾南多谷| ]]
[[Category:美國分離主義]]
[[Category:洛杉磯郡山谷]]
[[Category:洛杉磯郡地區]]
[[Category:聖費爾南多谷地理]]

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Module:Portal bar/styles.css（查看源代码）（模板保护）
Module:Side box（查看源代码）（全保护）
Module:Side box/styles.css（查看源代码）（全保护）
Module:String（查看源代码）（全保护）
Module:TableTools（查看源代码）（全保护）
Module:Unicode data（查看源代码）（全保护）
Module:Unsubst（查看源代码）（全保护）
Module:Weather box（查看源代码）（半保护）
Module:Weather box/colors（查看源代码）（半保护）
Module:Weather box/row（查看源代码）（半保护）
Module:Wide image（查看源代码）（模板保护）
Module:WikitextLC（查看源代码）（全保护）
Module:Yesno（查看源代码）（全保护）

返回圣费尔南多谷。

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/圣费尔南多谷”

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