Kim

Kim, ₇₉Au
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	kim, Au
Gōa-hêng	kim-sio̍k-khoán n̂g-sek
Kim tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
	pe̍h-kim ← kim → chúi-gîn
Goân-chú-hoan	79
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	196.966569(5)
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	11 cho̍k, d khu
Chiu-kî	tē 6 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	solid
Iûⁿ-tiám	1337.33 K (1064.18 °C, 1947.52 °F)
Hut-tiám	3243 K (2970 °C, 5378 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘ (sek-un)	19.30 g·cm−3
	17.31 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	12.55 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	342 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	25.418 J·mol−1·K−1
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	5, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 (an amphoteric oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 2.54
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 890.1 kJ·mol−1 ; 2nd: 1980 kJ·mol−1
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 144 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	136±6 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng	166 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	face-centered cubic (fcc)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	2030 m·s−1 (at r.t.)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	14.2 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	318 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	22.14 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	diamagnetic
Kiông-tō͘	120 MPa
Young hē-sò͘	79 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	27 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	180 GPa
Poisson pí	0.4
Mohs ngē-tō͘	2.5
Vickers ngē-tō͘	188–216 MPa
Brinell ngē-tō͘	188–245 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-57-5
Le̍k-sú
Hō-miâ	latin hō-miâ aurum, ì-sù sī chhut-ji̍t ê kng
Hoat-hiān	Tiong-tang (chêng 6000 nî chìn-chêng)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
	Chú bûn-chiong: kim ê tông-ūi-sò͘
	Koat-hô͘ lāi ê pang-hoāi bô͘-sek (decay mode) lí-lūn-siōng ū khó-lêng m̄-koh si̍t-chè iá bô hoat-hiān

"Kim" ê kî-tha ì-sū chhiáⁿ khòaⁿ Kim (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).

Kim (金, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō: Au, Latin gí-goân: aurum), iā kóng n̂g-kim (黃金), it-poaⁿ kóng kim-á, sī 1 chióng chin tiōng-iàu ê chu-goân, sī chiu-kî-pió lāi-té ê 1 chióng hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, goân-chú-hoan 79. Kim ham toā-hūn ê hoà-ha̍k-mi̍h bô chok-iōng, Kan-ta iâm-sò͘, hut-sò͘, ông-chúi (aqua regia), ham chheng-hoà-bu̍t (cyanide) ē kap kim khí hoán-èng; lēng-goā, tī chúi-gîn (mercury)--nih, kim mā ē iûⁿ--khì. Siau-sng (nitric acid) ē kā kim í-goā ê kim-sio̍k lóng iûⁿ--khì, tiāⁿ hông the̍h lâi chhì-giām ū kim ia̍h bô.

Hō-miâ

Kim ê hû-hō Au sī tùi Latin-gí aurum hō--lâi, jī-goân sī Lô-má sîn-ōe lāi-bīn ê lú-sîn Aurora^[4].

Le̍k-sú

Kim sī 7 khoán tùi kó͘-chá sî-tāi to̍h chai-iáⁿ ê kim-sio̍k chi it, Chêng 5000 nî chó-iū ê Ai-ki̍p bûn-bêng to̍h ū hoat-hiān, kim-á mā sī chió-sò͘ ū te̍k-sû sek-tī ê kim-sio̍k chi it, āu-bóe hông tòng chò sī chi̍t khoán châi-sán ê hêng-sek^[4].

Chóng-sī kim-á sêng-pún koân jî-chhiá kiông-tō͘ kē, kòe-óng tī sán-gia̍p siōng ê lī-ēng iú-hān. Kàu tiān-chú sî-tāi, kim in-ūi khòng sng-hòa (oxidation) kap koân tó-tiān-sèng, piàn chò sī tiān-chú sán-phín ê tiōng-iàu châi-liāu^[4].

Hêng-thé

N̂g-kim sī kim-sio̍k lāi-té tián-sèng (malleability) siāng hó ê chi̍t khoán; bí 1 kong-khek ê n̂g-kim ē-sái phah chò 1 kong-chhiò pêng-hong ê kim-po̍h. Sim-chì che kim-po̍h ē-tàng hong phah kah thàu-kng hia po̍h. In-ūi pòaⁿ thàu-kng ê kim-po̍h ē hoán-siā âng-gōa-kng, in sī chā âng-gōa-kng ki-sut (pí-lūn khòng-jia̍t) ê chi̍t chióng.

Lēng-gōa, kim-á ê bi̍t-tō͘ chin koân, bí 1 li̍p-hong kong-chhiò ū 19,300 kong-kin tāng.

Hòa-ha̍k

Kim-hún ē-tàng kap iâm-sò͘ tī 180 °C ūn-tō͘ hoán-èng cho͘-sêng AuCl₃.^[5] Mā kah chhàu-sò͘ tī 140 °C hoán-èng chhut chhàu-hòa-kim(III), koh chhām ak-sò͘ keng-kòe chin bān ê hoán-èng piàn ak-hòa-kim(I).

Tōa pō͘-hūn ê sng lóng bô hoat-tō͘ kap kim ū hoán-èng, kî-tiong Selen-sng ē-tàng tī jia̍t kap lông ê tiāu-kiāⁿ hā hoán-èng. Lēng-gōa, siau-sng kap iâm-sng chiàu pí-lē lām ê ông-chú mā ē-sài.

Lī-iōng

Thong sè-kài tùi sín chhut-sán ê kim-á siau-hùi tāi-khài 50% sio̍k chu-pó, 40% khai tī tâu-chu, lēng-gōa 10% ēng tī kang-gia̍p siōng.

Karat tī kim-á lâi kóng, sī piáu-sī n̂g-kim ê sûn-tō͘, sûn-kim sī 24 k, chiàm chi̍t pòaⁿ ê sûn-tō͘ tio̍h sī 12 k^[4].

Chham-khó

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights 2013". Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights.
↑ Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Kelly, P.F. (2015). Properties of Materials. CRC Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-4822-0624-1.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Harold M. Cobb, pian. (2012). "gold". Dictionary of Metals. ASM International. ISBN 978-1-61503-978-4.
↑ Egon Wiberg; Nils Wiberg; A. F. Holleman (2001). Inorganic Chemistry (101st pán.). Academic Press. pp. 1286–1287. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[IUPAC-1] "Standard Atomic Weights 2013". Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights.

[2] Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[3] Kelly, P.F. (2015). Properties of Materials. CRC Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-4822-0624-1.

[dictionary-metal-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Harold M. Cobb, pian. (2012). "gold". Dictionary of Metals. ASM International. ISBN 978-1-61503-978-4.

[5] Egon Wiberg; Nils Wiberg; A. F. Holleman (2001). Inorganic Chemistry (101st pán.). Academic Press. pp. 1286–1287. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

[1]