Effects of statins on myocarditis: A review of underlying molecular mechanisms
- PMID: 33621589
- DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.02.008
Effects of statins on myocarditis: A review of underlying molecular mechanisms
Abstract
Myocarditis refers to the clinical and histological characteristics of a diverse range of inflammatory cellular pathophysiological conditions which result in cardiac dysfunction. Myocarditis is a major cause of mortality in individuals less than 40 years of age and accounts for approximately 20% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Myocarditis contributes to dilated cardiomyopathy in 30% of patients and can progress to cardiac arrest, which has a poor prognosis of <40% survival over 10 years. Myocarditis has also been documented after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The most commonly used lipid-lowering therapies, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), decrease CVD-related morbidity and mortality. In addition to their lipid-lowering effects, increasing evidence supports the existence of several additional beneficial, 'pleiotropic' effects of statins. Recently, several studies have indicated that statins may attenuate myocarditis. Statins modify the lipid oxidation, inflammation, immunomodulation, and endothelial activity of the pathophysiology and have been recommended as adjuvant treatment. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of action of statins and their effects on myocarditis, SARS-CoV-2 and CVD.
Keywords: HMG-CoA inhibitors; Inflammation; Myocarditis; RhoA; SARS-CoV-2.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
-
Statins as an adjunctive therapy for COVID-19: the biological and clinical plausibility.Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2021 Feb;43(1):37-50. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1863984. Epub 2021 Jan 6. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2021. PMID: 33406943 Review.
-
Innate and adaptive inflammation as a therapeutic target in vascular disease: the emerging role of statins.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jun 17;63(23):2491-2502. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.054. Epub 2014 Mar 5. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014. PMID: 24613322 Review.
-
Cardiovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: evidence from cardiovascular pathology to treatment.Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2021 Mar 2;53(3):273-282. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa176. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2021. PMID: 33428706 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Pleiotropic properties of statins via angiogenesis modulation in cardiovascular disease.Drug Discov Today. 2022 Oct;27(10):103325. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.07.010. Epub 2022 Jul 21. Drug Discov Today. 2022. PMID: 35872297 Review.
-
Statins reduce vascular inflammation in atherogenesis: A review of underlying molecular mechanisms.Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2020 May;122:105735. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105735. Epub 2020 Feb 29. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2020. PMID: 32126319 Review.
Cited by
-
Use of Statins in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Current Evidence and Perspectives.Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 1;25(9):4958. doi: 10.3390/ijms25094958. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. PMID: 38732177 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Statins and Cardiomyocyte Metabolism, Friend or Foe?J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023 Oct 2;10(10):417. doi: 10.3390/jcdd10100417. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023. PMID: 37887864 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Development of radiation countermeasure agents for acute radiation syndromes.Animal Model Exp Med. 2023 Aug;6(4):329-336. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12339. Epub 2023 Aug 29. Animal Model Exp Med. 2023. PMID: 37642199 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Comparative Efficacy of Different Drugs for the Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Drugs R D. 2023 Sep;23(3):197-210. doi: 10.1007/s40268-023-00435-5. Epub 2023 Aug 9. Drugs R D. 2023. PMID: 37556093 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Distinct Features of Vascular Diseases in COVID-19.J Inflamm Res. 2023 Jul 6;16:2783-2800. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S417691. eCollection 2023. J Inflamm Res. 2023. PMID: 37435114 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous