Abstract
Morbid obesity is a chronic multifunctional disease characterized by an accumulation of fat. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Endothelial dysfunction, as defined by an imbalance between relaxing and contractile endothelial factors, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these cardiometabolic diseases. Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to endothelial dysfunction and impairs endothelium- dependent vasodilatation. But this is not the only mechanism that drives to endothelial dysfunction. Obesity has been associated with a chronic inflammatory process, atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress. Moreover levels of asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), are elevated in obesity. On the other hand, increasing prostanoid-dependent vasoconstriction and decreasing vasodilator prostanoids also lead to endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Other mechanisms related to endothelin-1 (ET-1) or endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) have been proposed. Bariatric surgery (BS) is a safe and effective means to achieve significant weight loss, but its use is limited only to patients with severe obesity including morbid obesity. BS also proved efficient in endothelial dysfunction reduction improving cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities associated with morbid obesity such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cancer. This review will provide a brief overview of the mechanisms that link obesity with endothelial dysfunction, and how weight loss is a cornerstone treatment for cardiovascular comorbidities obesity-related. A better understanding of the mechanisms of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction may help develop new therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Morbid obesity, nitric oxide (NO), endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, Bariatric surgery (BS).
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Endothelial Dysfunction in Morbid Obesity
Volume: 19 Issue: 32
Author(s): Maria Dolores Mauricio, Martin Aldasoro, Joaquin Ortega and Jose Maria Vila
Affiliation:
Keywords: Morbid obesity, nitric oxide (NO), endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, Bariatric surgery (BS).
Abstract: Morbid obesity is a chronic multifunctional disease characterized by an accumulation of fat. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Endothelial dysfunction, as defined by an imbalance between relaxing and contractile endothelial factors, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these cardiometabolic diseases. Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to endothelial dysfunction and impairs endothelium- dependent vasodilatation. But this is not the only mechanism that drives to endothelial dysfunction. Obesity has been associated with a chronic inflammatory process, atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress. Moreover levels of asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), are elevated in obesity. On the other hand, increasing prostanoid-dependent vasoconstriction and decreasing vasodilator prostanoids also lead to endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Other mechanisms related to endothelin-1 (ET-1) or endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) have been proposed. Bariatric surgery (BS) is a safe and effective means to achieve significant weight loss, but its use is limited only to patients with severe obesity including morbid obesity. BS also proved efficient in endothelial dysfunction reduction improving cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities associated with morbid obesity such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cancer. This review will provide a brief overview of the mechanisms that link obesity with endothelial dysfunction, and how weight loss is a cornerstone treatment for cardiovascular comorbidities obesity-related. A better understanding of the mechanisms of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction may help develop new therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mauricio Dolores Maria, Aldasoro Martin, Ortega Joaquin and Vila Maria Jose, Endothelial Dysfunction in Morbid Obesity, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319320007
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319320007 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
This thematic issue will emphasize the recent breakthroughs in the mechanisms of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis and devotes some understanding of both Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis. It is expected to include studies about cellular and genetic aspects, which help to precipitate the disease, and the immune system-gut microbiome relations ...read more
Blood-based biomarkers in large-scale screening for neurodegenerative diseases
Disease biomarkers are necessary tools that can be employ in several clinical context of use (COU), ranging from the (early) diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, to monitor of disease state and/or drug efficacy. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a battery of well-validated biomarkers are available, such as cerebrospinal fluid ...read more
Diabetes mellitus: advances in diagnosis and treatment driving by precision medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with ever increasing prevalence worldwide which is now an epidemic disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. Insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells unable to maintain blood glucose homeostasis is the main feature of this disease. Multifactorial and complex nature of ...read more
Food-derived bioactive peptides against chronic diseases
Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases, have become a great threat to the human health in recent decades due to the excessive food consumption and the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle. As a class of natural compounds, food-derived bioactive peptides have been demonstrated to possess great potential for ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Leptin and the Ob-Receptor as Anti-Obesity Target: Recent In Silico Advances in the Comprehension of the Protein-Protein Interaction and Rational Drug Design of Anti- Obesity Lead Compounds
Current Pharmaceutical Design Triglyceride Level Affecting Shared Susceptibility Genes in Metabolic Syndrome and Coronary Artery Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Atrial Tachycardias Arising from the Atrial Appendages and Aortic Sinus of Valsalva
Current Cardiology Reviews High-Density Lipoprotein-Raising Strategies: Update 2010
Current Pharmaceutical Design Coronary Cameral Fistula Disclosed by Echocardiography: A Case Report of Typical Findings and Literature Review
Current Medical Imaging Proteomic Analysis of Endothelin-1 Targets in the Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Proliferation
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Advanced Glycation End Products: Association with the Pathogenesis of Diseases and the Current Therapeutic Advances
Current Clinical Pharmacology How to Make a Non-Antigenic Protein (Auto) Antigenic: Molecular Complementarity Alters Antigen Processing and Activates Adaptive-Innate Immunity Synergy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Impaired Tissue, and Metabolic Health: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutics
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Dietary Carbohydrates that Modulate the Immune System
Clinical Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Drugs (Discontinued) MicroRNAs in Organogenesis and Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Development of Inhibitors of the Aspartyl Protease Renin for the Treatment of Hypertension
Current Protein & Peptide Science The Changing Landscape of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Neurovascular Disorders and in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology A PHACES Syndrome Unmasked by Propranolol Interruption in a Tetralogy of Fallot Patient: Case Report and Extensive Review on New Indications of Beta Blockers
Current Medicinal Chemistry Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Mediated Dystrophin Gene Transfer Studies and Exon Skipping Strategies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
Current Gene Therapy Nicotine Addiction and Coronary Artery Disease: Impact of Cessation Interventions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiac Metabolism in Myocardial Ischemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Significance of Renal Function in Response to Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy – A Piece of a Much Larger Puzzle
Current Vascular Pharmacology Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Mechanisms of Action and Implications In Anesthesia Practice
Current Pharmaceutical Design Epigenetic Regulation of Myocardial Homeostasis, Self-Regeneration and Senescence
Current Drug Targets