Tazama chanzo cha Ubelgiji

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{{Infobox country|
native_name              = ''Koninkrijk België<br /> Royaume de Belgique<br /> Königreich Belgien'' |
conventional_long_name   = Ufalme wa Ubelgiji|
common_name              = Ubelgiji |
image_flag               = Flag of Belgium (civil).svg |
image_coat               = Great Coat of Arms of Belgium.svg |
symbol_type              = Nembo |
national_motto           = [[Kifaransa]]: ''L'union fait la force'' ;<br />[[Kiholanzi]]: ''Eendracht maakt macht'' ;<br />[[Kijerumani]]: ''Einigkeit macht stark''.<br />([[Kiswahili]]: "Umoja ni nguvu") |
image_map                = LocationBelgium.png |
national_anthem          = ''[[La Brabançonne]]'' (Wimbo la Brabant) |
official_languages       = [[Kiholanzi]], [[Kifaransa]], [[Kijerumani]] |
capital                  = [[Brussels]] |
largest_city             = [[Brussels]] |
latd                     = 50|latm=54|latNS=N|longd=4|longm=32|longEW=E  |
government_type          = [[Ufalme wa kikatiba]] |
leader_titles            = [[Ufalme wa Ubelgiji|Mfalme]] <br />[[Wazir Mkuu wa Ubelgiji|Wazir Mkuu]] |
leader_title2            = [[Wazir Mkuu wa Ubelgiji|Wazir Mkuu]] |
leader_names             = [[Philippe wa Ubelgiji|Philippe Saxe-Coburg na Gotha]]<br />[[Alexander De Croo]]|
leader_name2             = |
area                     = 30,689 |
areami²                  = 11,849 | <!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
area_rank                = ya 136 |
area_magnitude           = 1 E10 |
percent_water            = 0.71 |
population_estimate      = 11,697,557 <!--https://statbel.fgov.be/nl/themas/bevolking/structuur-van-de-bevolking-->|
population_estimate_year = Novemba 2022 |
population_estimate_rank = ya 82|
population_census        = 11,515,793<ref>https://statbel.fgov.be/nl/themas/bevolking/structuur-van-de-bevolking</ref><!-- Belgium does not work with censuses and estimates but has an always up-to-date population register. Monthly updated statistics are available via http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/Registre/nl/statistieken_bevolking/stat_1_n.pdf -->
population_census_year   = Novemba 2019|
population_density       = 376 |
population_densitymi²    = 973.8 | <!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
population_density_rank  = ya 22 |
GDP_PPP_year             = 2004 |
GDP_PPP                  = $316.2&nbsp;[[1 E9|billion]] |
GDP_PPP_rank             = ya 30 |
GDP_PPP_per_capita       = $29,707|
GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank  = ya 12 |
HDI_year                 = 2003 |
HDI                      = 0.945 |
HDI_rank                 = ya 9 |
HDI_category             = <font color="#009900">high</font>|
sovereignty_type         = Uhuru |
established_events       = [[Mapinduzi ya Ubelgiji]]|
established_dates        = 1830 |
accessionEUdate          = [[25 Machi]] [[1957]]|
currency                 = [[Euro]] |
currency_code            = EUR |
time_zone                = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
utc_offset               = +1 |
time_zone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
utc_offset_DST           = +2|
cctld                    = [[.be]] |
calling_code             = 32|
}}
'''Ubelgiji''' ('''België''' kwa [[Kiholanzi]], '''Belgique''' kwa [[Kifaransa]] na '''Belgien''' kwa [[Kijerumani]]) ni [[ufalme]] wa [[Ulaya ya Magharibi]]. Ni kati ya nchi 6 zilizoanzisha [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Ulaya]] ambayo baadaye imekuwa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]].

Imepakana na [[Ufaransa]], [[Uholanzi]], [[Ujerumani]] na [[Luxemburg]]. 

Ina [[pwani]] kwenye [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]]. 

[[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Brussels]].

== Historia ==
"Belgii" lilikuwa [[jina]] la wakazi wa kale wa [[kaskazini]] mwa [[Gallia]], na [[Gallia Belgica]] ilikuwa [[jimbo]] la [[Dola la Roma]].

Wakati wa [[Zama za Kati]] maeneo yake yalikuwa chini ya [[Dola Takatifu la Kiroma]] na tangu [[mwaka]] [[1477]] yalitawaliwa na [[nasaba]] ya [[Habsburg]]. [[Kiongozi|Watawala]] hao walikuwa Wakatoliki, hivyo walizuia uenezaji wa [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]].

Hata hivyo [[Mkoa|mikoa]] ya kaskazini ilifaulu kwa njia ya [[vita]] kujipatia [[uhuru]] na kuanzisha [[Jamhuri]] ya Nchi za Chini ([[Uholanzi]]) tangu mwaka [[1648]]. Mikoa iliyoendelea kuwa Ubelgiji ya baadaye ilibaki chini ya Habsburg hadi [[Mapinduzi ya Kifaransa]] na utawala wa [[Napoleon]] aliyeiingiza katika [[Ufaransa]].

Baada ya [[Mkutano wa Vienna]] wa mwaka [[1815]] Ubelgiji iliunganishwa pamoja na [[Uholanzi]] kuwa sehemu ya Ufalme wa Muungano wa Nchi za Chini na hapo ilikuwa sehemu ya [[kusini]] ya [[ufalme]] huo. Tofauti na sehemu za kaskazini, zilizokuwa na [[Waprotestanti]] wengi, mikoa ya Ubelgiji ilikaliwa na Wakatoliki. Tena, wenyeji wa mikoa ya kusini kabisa waliongea Kifaransa, na pia katika sehemu nyingine, ambako watu waliongea Kiholanzi, [[lugha]] ya Kifaransa ilikuwa lugha iliyopendwa na matabaka ya juu na wasomi.

Tofauti hizo za ki[[utamaduni]] zilichangia kati ya watu wa kusini [[hisia]] ya kubaguliwa na katika [[mapinduzi ya 1830]] mikoa yao ilijitenga na Ufalme wa Muungano wa Nchi za Chini na kuanzisha ufalme mpya wa Ubelgiji.

== Jiografia ==
=== Majimbo ===
Ubelgiji ni [[shirikisho]] la majimbo matatu:
* [[Flandria]] katika kaskazini lenye [[Waflandria]] wanaotumia lugha ya Kiholanzi,
* [[Wallonia]] katika kusini lenye [[Wawallonia]] wanaotumia [[Kifaransa]] na
* jimbo la mji mkuu wa Brussels lenye lugha zote.<ref>{{cite web
 |title=Belgique • België • Belgien—Région de Bruxelles-Capitale • Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
 |quote=C'est une région officiellement bilingue formant au centre du pays une enclave dans la province du Brabant flamand (Vlaams Brabant)
 |work=L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
 |language=French
 |date=18 January 2007
 |author=Leclerc, Jacques, membre associé du TLFQ
 |publisher=Host: Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ), [[Université Laval]], Quebec
 |url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/EtatsNsouverains/bruxelles-capitale.htm
 |accessdate=18 June 2007
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609031824/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/AXL/EtatsNsouverains/bruxelles-capitale.htm
 |archivedate=9 June 2007
 |deadurl=no
 }}
<br/>*
 {{cite web
 |title=About Belgium
 |quote=the Brussels-Capital Region is an enclave of 162&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> within the Flemish region.
 |publisher=Belgian Federal Public Service (ministry) / Embassy of Belgium in the Republic of Korea
 |url=http://www.belgium.or.kr/page60.html
 |accessdate=21 June 2007
 |archivedate=2008-10-02
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002031948/http://www.belgium.or.kr/page60.html
 }}
<br/>*
 {{cite web
 |title=Flanders (administrative region)
 |quote=The capital of Belgium, Brussels, is an enclave within Flanders.
 |work=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia
 |year=2007
 |publisher=Microsoft
 |url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArtTextonly.aspx?refid=781531490
 |accessdate=21 June 2007
 |deadurl=yes
 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwPxLurr?url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArtTextonly.aspx?refid=781531490
 |archivedate=2009-10-31
 |https://www.webcitation.org/5kwPxLurr?url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArtTextonly.aspx?refid=781531490
 }}
<br/>*
 {{cite web
 |title=Language Facilities in the Brussels Periphery
 |quote=Brussels is a kind of enclave within Flanders—it has no direct link with Wallonia.
 |author=[http://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0025631/ Van de Walle, Steven], lecturer at University of Birmingham Institute of Local Government Studies, School of Public Policy
 |publisher=[[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven|KULeuven]]—Leuvens Universitair Dienstencentrum voor Informatica en Telematica
 |url=http://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0025631/pdf/RANDBRUS.pdf
 |format=PDF
 |accessdate=21 June 2007
 |deadurl=yes
 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwPxLurr?url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArtTextonly.aspx?refid=781531490
 |archivedate=2009-10-31
 }}</ref>

Katika Wallonia kuna pia [[wilaya]] ambayo wakazi wanatumia hasa [[Kijerumani]] ambacho ni [[lugha ya taifa|lugha ya tatu ya kitaifa]].<ref>[http://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/communities/german-speaking_community/ The German-speaking Community] at Belgium.be</ref><ref
 name=German-speaking_Community>
 {{cite web
 |title=The German-speaking Community
 |publisher=The German-speaking Community
 |url=http://www.dglive.be/EN/Desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-1263/2264_read-27181/
 |accessdate=5 May 2007
 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070530023348/http://www.dglive.be/EN/Desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-1263/2264_read-27181/| archivedate= 30 May 2007 | deadurl= no}} The (original) [http://www.dglive.be/DesktopDefault.aspx/tabid-84/186_read-448/ version in German language] (already) mentions 73,000 instead of 71,500 inhabitants.</ref>

[[Ushindani]] kama si [[chuki]] kati ya [[kundi|makundi]] hayo ndilo tatizo kuu la nchi.<ref
 name=bbcnews1>
 {{Cite news
 |title=Language dispute divides Belgium
 |author=Morris, Chris<!--NO LINK unless it goes to a British TV journalist-->
 |publisher=BBC News
 |date=13 May 2005
 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4545433.stm
 |accessdate=8 May 2007
 }}</ref><ref
 name=paulderidder>{{cite web
 |title=Langues majoritaires, langues minoritaires, dialectes et NTIC
 |date=25 September 2001
 |language=French
 |author=Petermann, Simon, Professor at the University of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium—at colloquium ''IX<sup>e</sup> Sommet de la francophonie—Initiatives 2001—Ethique et nouvelles technologies, session 6 Cultures et langues, la place des minorités'', [[Bayreuth]]
 |url=http://www.initiatives.refer.org/Initiatives-2001/_notes/sess604.htm
 |accessdate=4 May 2007
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102084828/http://www.initiatives.refer.org/Initiatives-2001/_notes/sess604.htm
 |archivedate=2013-11-02
 }}</ref>

==Watu==
Wenyeji (67.3%) wanatofautiana hasa kutokana na [[lugha]]: 59% wanaongea hasa Kiholanzi, 40% Kifaransa na 1% Kijerumani. 

[[Wahamiaji]] wanaongea [[lugha mama]] zao: [[Kiarabu]] (3%), [[Kiitalia]] (2%), [[Kituruki]] (1%) n.k. 

[[Kiingereza]] kinajulikana na 38% za wakazi.

Wakazi wengi ni [[Wakristo]] (63.7%), hasa wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] (60.6%), lakini 5% tu wanashiriki [[ibada]] za kila wiki; Wakristo wengine ni [[Uprotestanti|Waprotestanti]] (2.1%) na [[Waorthodoksi]] (1.6%). [[Waislamu]] ni 7.4%. Asilimia 28 hawana [[dini]] yoyote.

== Tazama pia ==
* [[Orodha ya miji ya Ubelgiji]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist|group="nb"|30em}}

==Marejeo==
{{reflist|30em}}

;Katika [[wavuti]]
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite web
|title=Belgium
|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]
|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Chicago, Illinois, USA
|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59268/Belgium
|accessdate=7 June 2007}}
*{{CIA_World_Factbook link|be|Belgium}} Retrieved on {{Nowrap|7 June}} 2007.
*{{cite web
|title=Country Portal – Europe—Belgium
|publisher=Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy—Directorate-general Statistics Belgium
|url=http://statbel.fgov.be/port/cou_eu_en.asp#BE
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701233100/http://www.statbel.fgov.be/port/cou_eu_en.asp
|archivedate=1 July 2007
|accessdate=7 June 2007}}
*{{cite web
|title=Die Stellung und Rolle der deutschsprachigen Minderheit in Ostbelgien innerhalb des belgischen Nationalstaats
|author=Fischer, Kathrin
|work=Kleiner Geländekurs in die <span style="font-size:87%;">EUREGIO</span> Maas-Rhein
|language=German
|date=21 July 1999
|publisher=Geographical Institute of the [[Georg-August University of Göttingen|Georg-August University]] (Department Culture and Social Geography), Göttingen, Germany
|url=http://www.geogr.uni-goettingen.de/kus/personen/euregio/emr99-21.htm
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720161347/http://www.geogr.uni-goettingen.de/kus/personen/euregio/emr99-21.htm
|archivedate=20 July 2007
|accessdate=13 June 2007}}
*{{cite web
|title=History of Belgium
|date=30 May 2007
|work=World History at KMLA
|publisher=Korean Minjok Leadership Academy (<span style="font-size:87%;">KMLA</span>)
|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/lowcountries/xbelgium.html
|accessdate=2 June 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070706215841/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/lowcountries/xbelgium.html| archivedate= 6 July 2007 | deadurl= no}}
*{{cite web
|title=Brusselse Thema's in Brussel—Taalverhoudingen, taalverschuivingen en taalindentiteit in een meertalige stad
|language=Dutch, summary ''The Use of Languages in Brussels'' pp. 227–250 in English
|date=1 June 2001
|author=[http://www.briobrussel.be/ned/webpage3.asp?WebpageId=30 Janssens, Rudi], [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]]
|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Brussel Press, Brussels ISBN 90-5487-293-4—republished
|url=http://www.briobrussel.be/assets/bt8download.pdf
|accessdate=2 June 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070605012657/http://www.briobrussel.be/assets/bt8download.pdf| archivedate= 5 June 2007 | deadurl= no}}
*{{cite web
|title=Belgique • België • Belgien
|work=L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
|language=French
|year= 2006
|author=Leclerc, Jacques, membre associé du TLFQ
|publisher=Host: Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ), [[Université Laval]], Quebec
|url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/europe/belgiqueacc.htm
|accessdate=2 June 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070608172452/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/europe/belgiqueacc.htm| archivedate= 8 June 2007 | deadurl= no}}
*{{cite web
|title=Bye bye Belgium?
|date=20 December 2006
|author=Mnookin, Robert, Professor at [[Harvard Law School|HLS]]
|author2=Verbeke, Alain
|publisher=International Herald Tribune, republished by [[Harvard Law School]]
|url=http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2006/12/20_mnookin.php
|accessdate=1 June 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070321151959/http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2006/12/20_mnookin.php |archivedate = 21 March 2007}}—Reflections on nations and nation-state developments regarding Belgium
{{refend}}

;Vitabu
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{Cite book
|title=A History of the Low Countries
|author=Arblaster, Paul
|edition=Hardcover 312pp
|date=23 December 2005
|series=Palgrave Essential Histories
|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan, New York
|isbn=1-4039-4827-5}}
*{{Cite book
|title=History of the Low Countries
|author=Blom, J. C. H., Dutch State Institute for War Documentation, ed.; Lamberts, Emiel, Professor in Modern History [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven|KULeuven]], ed.; Kennedy, James C., translator
|edition=Hardcover 503pp
|date=May 1999
|publisher=Berghahn Books, Oxford/New York
|isbn=1-57181-084-6}}
*{{Cite book
|title=A History of Belgium from the Roman Invasion to the Present Day
|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorybelgium00cammgoog
|author=[http://www.famousbelgians.net/cammaerts.htm Cammaerts, Émile L.]<!--NO WIKILINK to poor stub-->
|origyear=1913
|edition=357pp
|year=1921
|publisher=D. Appleton and Co, New York
|oclc=1525559
|asin=B00085PM0A}}<br/><!--
-->[Also editions [1913], London, {{OCLC|29072911}}; (1921) D. Unwin and Co., New York {{OCLC|9625246}} also published (1921) as ''Belgium from the Roman invasion to the present day'', The Story of the nations, 67, T. Fisher Unwin, London, {{OCLC|2986704}}]
*{{Cite book
|title=The History of Belgium: Part 1. Cæsar to Waterloo
|url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1402167148/
|author=de Kavanagh Boulger, Demetrius C.
|edition=Paperback 493pp
|origyear=1902
|date= 28 June 2001
|series=Elibron Classics
|publisher=Adamant Media ([[Delaware corporation]]), Boston, Massachusetts, United States
|isbn=1-4021-6714-8}} Facsimile reprint of a 1902 edition by the author, London<br/><!--
-->{{cite book
|title=Ib. Part 2. 1815–1865. Waterloo to the Death of Leopold&nbsp;I
|author=Ib.
|edition=Paperback 462pp
|origyear=1909
|date= June 2001
|series=Ib.
|publisher=Ib
|isbn=1-4021-6713-X}} Facsimile reprint of a 1909 edition by the author, London
*{{Cite book |ref=Fitzmaurice
|title=The Politics of Belgium: A Unique Federalism
|author=Fitzmaurice, John
|authorlink=John Fitzmaurice
|edition=Paperback 284pp
|year=1996 
|series=Nations of the modern world
|publisher=Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA
|isbn=0-8133-2386-X
|oclc=30112536}}
*{{Cite book
|title=The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands
|author=Kossmann-Putto, Johanna A.; [[Ernst Kossmann|Kossmann Ernst H.]]; Deleu Jozef H. M., ed.; Fenoulhet Jane, translator (from: (1987)). ''De Lage Landen: geschiedenis van de Noordelijke en Zuidelijke Nederlanden''. Vlaams-Nederlandse Stichting [[Ons Erfdeel]], [[Rekkem]]
|edition=3rd Rev. edition Paperback 64pp
|origyear=1987<!--verified, though @libris (alibris.com) mentions 1987-->
|date=January 1993
|publisher=Flemish-Netherlands Foundation "Stichting Ons Erfdeel", Rekkem, Belgium
|isbn=90-70831-20-1}} (Several editions in English, incl. (1997) 7th ed.)
{{refend}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons|Belgium}}
; Serikali
* [http://www.monarchie.be/ Official site of Belgian monarchy]
* [http://www.Belgium.be/ Official site of the Belgian federal government]

;Taarifa za jumla
*{{CIA World Factbook link|be|Belgium}}
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/belgium.htm Belgium] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/belgium.htm |date=20080607084449 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* [http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/be/ Belgium] information from the [[United States Department of State]]
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Belgium}}
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/belgium/be.html Portals to the World] from the United States [[Library of Congress]]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17205436 Belgium profile] from the [[BBC News]]
* [http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index.asp?lang=en&iso3=BEL&subj=1&paia= FAO Country Profiles: Belgium]
* [http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_22_1.asp Statistical Profile of Belgium at the Association of Religion Data Archives] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_22_1.asp |date=20141028171157 }}
*{{wikiatlas|Belgium}}
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=BE Key Development Forecasts for Belgium] from [[International Futures]]
* [http://www.visitbelgium.com/ Official Site of the Belgian Tourist Office in the Americas and GlobeScope]
{{Umoja wa Ulaya}}
{{Ulaya}}
{{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}}
[[Jamii:Ubelgiji| ]]
[[Jamii:Ufalme]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]]
[[Jamii:Mkataba wa Schengen]]
[[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]]
[[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]]
[[Jamii:Nchi Kijerumani kinapotumika]]

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Rudia Ubelgiji.

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