Tazama chanzo cha Jamaika

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{{Infobox_Country
| native_name = Commonwealth of Jamaica
| common_name = Jamaika
| image_flag = Flag of Jamaica.svg
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Jamaica.svg
| image_map = LocationJamaica.png
| national_motto = Out of many, one people ''(kutoka wengi - taifa moja)''
| national_anthem =''[[Jamaica, Land We Love]]''<br />[[Wimbo wa kifalme]]: ''[[God Save the King]]''
| official_languages = [[Kiingereza]]
| capital =[[Kingston (Jamaika)|Kingston]] 
| latd=17 |latm=59 |latNS=N |longd=76 |longm=48 |longEW=W
| largest_city =[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] 
| government_type =[[Ufalme wa kikatiba]]
| leader_titles =[[Mkuu wa Dola]] (Mfalme)<br /> [[Gavana Mkuu wa Jamaika|Gavana Mkuu]] <br />[[Waziri Mkuu wa Jamaika|Waziri Mkuu]] 
| leader_names =[[Charles III wa Uingereza|Charles III]]<br /> [[Sir Patrick Allen]] <br />[[Andrew Holness]]
| area_rank =ya 166 
| area_magnitude =1 E10 
| area=10,991
| areami²= 4,244 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
| percent_water =1.5 
| population_estimate = 2,889,187
| population_estimate_rank = ya 139
| population_estimate_year = Julai 2012
| population_census = 
| population_census_year = 
| population_density =252
| population_densitymi² = 656 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
| population_density_rank = ya 49
| GDP_PPP = $11.69 billion
| GDP_PPP_rank = ya 131
| GDP_PPP_year= 2005
| GDP_PPP_per_capita =$4,300  
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 114
| sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]]
| established_events = kutoka [[Uingereza]]
| established_dates = [[6 Agosti]] [[1962]]
| HDI =0.738 
| HDI_rank = ya 98
| HDI_year = 2003
| HDI_category =<font color="#FFCC00">medium</font> 
| currency = [[Dollar ya Jamaika]]
| currency_code = JMD
| country_code = 
| time_zone = 
| utc_offset = -5
| time_zone_DST = 
| utc_offset_DST = 
| cctld = [[.jm]]
| calling_code = 1-876]]
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Jamaika''' ni [[nchi ya kisiwani]] katika [[Bahari ya Karibi]]. Iko [[km]] 150 [[kusini]] mwa [[Kuba]] na 150 upande wa [[magharibi]] wa [[Haiti]] na ni kisiwa kikubwa cha tatu kati ya [[Antili Kubwa]]. Katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]] visiwa hivyo huitwa "West Indies" (visiwa vya [[Uhindi wa Magharibi]]).

Jina limetokana na [[neno]] la [[Kiarawak]] "Xaymaca" au "Chaymaka" linalomaanisha "nchi ya [[chemchemi]]" (yaani kisiwa chenye maji matamu). 

[[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Kingston (Jamaika)|Kingston]]. 
[[Picha:Jm-map.png|thumb|left|350px|Ramani ya Jamaika]]

== Jiografia ==
Kisiwa kina [[urefu]] wa km 240 na [[upana]] hadi km 85. Eneo lake ni [[km²]] 10.991. 

Visiwa vidogo vya Pedro Cays vyenye eneo la [[ha]] 23 jumla ni sehemu ya nchi ya Jamaika.
 
[[Mashariki]] mwa kisiwa kuna [[safu ya milima]] ya [[buluu]] yenye urefu wa km 100 penye [[kilele]] cha [[Blue Mountain Peak]] ([[m]] 2256 juu ya [[UB]]). 

Katikati kuna [[nyanda za juu]] zilizojengwa kwa mawe ya [[chokaa]] yenye ma[[bonde]] marefu. 

Upande wa kusini nyanda za juu zina [[mtelemko]] mkali hadi [[mwambao]] wa [[bahari]]. 

Iko mito mingi mifupi; [[mto]] mrefu ni [[Black River]] yenye km 53.4. Mto wa [[Hector's River]] una mwendo wa km 6 chini ya [[ardhi]].
[[Picha:Lovers' Leap.jpg|thumb|left|Mtelemko mkali kwenye pwani ya Jamaika]] 
== Hali ya hewa ==
[[Hali ya hewa]] ni ya ki[[tropiki]]. Hakuna tofauti kubwa ya [[halijoto]] mwaka wote. Halijoto ya wastani katika Kingston ni 25 [[°C]] wakati wa [[Januari]] na 27&nbsp;°C wakati wa [[Julai]].

[[Usimbishaji]] hutofautiana katika kanda mbalimbali ya kisiwa. Milima ya kaskazini-mashariki hupokea zaidi ya [[mm.]] 5.000 lakini Kingston ina mm 813 pekee. [[Mvua]] inanyesha hasa [[Mei]], [[Juni]], [[Oktoba]] na [[Novemba]]. Miezi ya [[Septemba]] na Oktoba inaona [[dhoruba]] kali za [[tufani]] mara kwa mara.

== Miji ==
Miji muhimu iko [[mwambao]]ni kwa sababu ya milima ya ndani. 
* [[Kingston (Jamaika)|Kingston]] ni mji mkubwa wenye wakazi karibu [[laki]] sita. Ni [[mji mkuu]] na mahali pa [[chuo kikuu]] kikubwa cha Jamaika. Mji ulikuwa na ma[[tatizo]] makubwa ya [[usalama]] katika miaka ya nyuma. 
* [[Spanish Town]] ni mji wa pili wenye wakazi 145.000. Ni [[kitovu]] cha eneo la [[kilimo]] cha [[ndizi]] na [[miwa]].
* Mji wa [[Montego Bay]] upo kaskazini mwa kisiwa karibu na mahali ambako [[Kristoforo Kolumbus]] alifika mara ya kwanza. [[Bandari]] yake ni [[mhimili]] wa [[biashara]] ya nje. Ni eneo la [[utalii]].


== Historia ==
Wakazi wa kwanza wa Jamaika walikuwa [[Wataino]] ambao ni [[kabila]] mojawapo la [[Waarawak]] kutoka [[Amerika Kusini]]. Walikuwa [[wakulima]] na [[wavuvi]]. Wamepotea kama [[utamaduni]] wa pekee baada ya kufika kwa Wazungu kutokana na magonjwa mageni yaliyofika na Wahispania na ma[[uaji]] wakati wa vita. Waliobaki waliingia katika [[ndoa]] na Wazungu au Waafrika waliofika baadaye na kuwa sehemu ya wakazi chotara kisiwani.
 
[[Kristoforo Kolumbus]] alifika mwaka [[1494]] na kuweka kisiwa chini ya [[utawala]] wa Hispania. Aliamini ya kwamba alifika [[Uhindi]] akaita visiwa hivi "[[Uhindi wa Magharibi]]" na wenyeji wakaitwa "Indios" (kwa [[Kihispania]] "Wahindi") na baadaye mara nyingi "[[Wahindi wekundu]]".

Mwaka [[1655]] Waingereza waliteka kisiwa wakaanzisha [[uchumi]] wa ma[[shamba]] makubwa ya [[miwa]]. Jamaika imekuwa mahali pakuu pa kutengeneza [[sukari]] duniani kote. Watumwa wengi Waafrika walipelekwa kisiwani kama [[wafanyakazi]] kwenye mashamba hayo. Ndio mababu wa 90% wa wakazi wa leo wa Jamaika.

Kati ya miaka [[1834]] na [[1838]] [[utumwa]] ulifutwa.

Mwaka [[1958]] Jamaika ilianza kuelekea [[uhuru]] kama [[jimbo]] la "[[Shirikisho la Uhindi wa Magharibi]]". 

Uhuru kamili ulipatikana mwaka [[1962]].

== Wakazi ==
Mwaka 2012 Jamaika ilikuwa na wakazi 2,889,187. [[Nusu]] yao waliishi mjini. [[Umri]] wa wastani ni miaka 23, [[thuluthi]] moja ni [[watoto]] hadi miaka 14.

Takriban 91.4 [[%]] ya wakazi ni wa asili ya [[Afrika]]. Ma[[babu]] walikuwa [[watumwa]] kutoka [[Afrika]] waliofikishwa kisiwani katika [[karne ya 17]] na [[karne ya 18]] au ni ma[[chotara]] au wa asili ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Uchina]]. 

Wakazi asilia walikuwa [[Waarawak]] na [[Wataino]] ambao hawako tena kama vikundi vya pekee; wengi walikufa kutokana na [[magonjwa]] ya [[Wazungu]] au [[vita]] vya miaka ya kwanza baada ya kufika kwa [[Wahispania]]. Wengine walichanganyikana na vikundi vingine.

Mbali ya wakazi, Wajamaika au wenye asili ya kisiwa kama 2,500,000 wanaishi nje ya nchi.

===Lugha===
Pamoja na [[lugha rasmi]] ambayo ni Kiingereza kuna pia aina ya [[Krioli]] yenye asili ya [[Kiingereza]]: ndiyo inayotumika kawaida.

=== Dini ===
Wakazi walio wengi hufata [[Ukristo]] hasa katika [[madhehebu]] ya [[Uprotestanti]] kama vile:
* [[Church of God]] (24%)
* [[Wasabato]] (11%)
* [[Wapentekoste]] (10%)
* [[Wabaptisti]] (7%)
* [[Waanglikana]] (4%)
* [[United Church]] (2%)
* [[Wamethodisti]] (2%)
* [[Wamoravian]] (1%)
* [[Brethren]] (1%)

[[Wakatoliki]] ni 2%, na vilevile [[Mashahidi wa Yehova]]. 

[[Dini]] iliyoanzishwa Jamaika ni [[Rastafari]] ambayo mwaka [[2001]] ilikuwa na wafuasi 24.000.

== Utamaduni ==
[[Muziki]] ni sehemu muhimu sana katika utamaduni wa Jamaika. Hasa muziki ya [[Reggae]] umejulikana kote duniani. [[Mwanamuziki]] mashuhuri hasa wa Jamaika alikuwa [[Bob Marley]] na kikundi chake cha "[[The Wailers]]".

Pia Wajamaika wana mafanikio makubwa katika [[riadha]], hasa ya masafa mafupi.

==Tazama pia==
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Marejeo==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Faiz|title=The Development Path Taken by Jamaica: A brief account of the islands natural-history, economic policies, and social conditions|url=http://www.islandvulnerability.org/m/ahmedm.pdf|year=2008}} (pp.&nbsp;45–83)
*{{cite book|last=Arbell|first=Mordehay|title=The Portuguese Jews of Jamaica|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-35vXOgop6QC|year=2000|publisher=Canoe Press|isbn=978-976-8125-69-9}}
* Ammar, N. From Whence they came. The Jamaica Journal.
* Bahadur, Gaiutra. ''Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture''. The University of Chicago (2014) ISBN 978-0-226-21138-1
*{{cite book|last=Chapman|first=Valentine Jackson|title=The marine Algae of Jamaica: Part II: Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UyHEQQAACAAJ|year=1963}}
* Hall, D. Bounties European Immigration with Special Reference of the German Settlement at Seaford Town, Parts 1 and 2. Jamaica Journal, 8, (4), 48–54 and 9 (1), 2–9.
*{{cite book|last=Issa|first=Suzanne|title=Mr Jamaica, Abe Issa: a pictorial biography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=L1cQAAAACAAJ|year=1994|publisher=S. Issa|isbn=978-976-8091-69-7}}
* Jacobs, H. P. (2003). Germany in Jamaica. Indian heritage in Jamaica. The Jamaica Journal, 10, (2,3,4), 10–19,
* Mullally, R. (2003). "One Love' The Black Irish of Jamaica. The Jamaica Journal, 42, pp.&nbsp;104–116.
* Parboosingh, I. S. An Indo-Jamaica beginning in The Jamaica Journal, 18, (3), 2–10, 12.
*{{cite book|last=Senior|first=Olive|title=Encyclopedia of Jamaican heritage|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=URx7AAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Twin Guinep Publishers|isbn=978-976-8007-14-8}}
*{{cite book|last1=Sherlock|first1=Philip Manderson |last2=Bennett|first2=Hazel|title=The story of the Jamaican people|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Weh6AAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Ian Randle Publishers|isbn=978-1-55876-145-2}}
*{{cite book|first=Ian|last=Thomson|title=The dead yard: tales of modern Jamaica|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hJliXDXchE8C|year=2009|publisher=Nation Books|isbn=978-0-571-22761-7|access-date=2015-02-14|archive-date=2015-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318202142/http://books.google.com/books?id=hJliXDXchE8C|dead-url=yes}}
*{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Joseph John|title=Whence the "black Irish" of Jamaica?|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gyJ7AAAAMAAJ|year=1932|publisher=L. MacVeagh, Dial Press, Inc.}}
* The Gleaner. Seaford Town Advertising Feature. 14 August 2003, D7-8,
{{refend}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.jamaica.gov.jm/ Government of Jamaica] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jamaica.gov.jm/ |date=20090220161140 }}
* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/Jamaica/Jamaica.aspx Official webpage of Queen Elizabeth as Queen of Jamaica]
* [http://jis.gov.jm/ Official website of the Jamaica Information Service] {{Wayback|url=http://jis.gov.jm/ |date=20110225023826 }}
* [http://www.cabinet.gov.jm/ The Cabinet Office of the Government of Jamaica] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cabinet.gov.jm/ |date=20110429223121 }}
<!--replace the Cabinet Office link with [http://www.jamaica.gov.jm/] and/or [http://www.gov.jm/] when those websites are closer to completion-->

{{Amerika Kaskazini}}
{{mbegu-jio-Karibi}}

[[Jamii:Jamaika| ]]
Vigezo vinavyotumiwa kwenye ukurasa huu:
Rudia Jamaika.
Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaika"