Betula papyrifera

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Fagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Betulaceae
Subfamilia: Betuloideae
Genus: Betula
Subgenus: Betula subg. Betula
Sectio: Betula sect. Betula
Species: Betula papyrifera

Name

Betula papyrifera Marshall, Arbust. Amer.: 19 (1785).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Betula lenta var. papyrifera (Marshall) Castigl., Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 207 (1790).
- Betula alba var. papyrifera (Marshall) Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 15: 188 (1841).
- Betula alba var. communis Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 401 (1865), nom. illeg.
- Betula alba subsp. papyrifera (Marshall) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 401 (1865).
Heterotypic
- Betula excelsa Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 337 (1789).
- Betula papyracea Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 337 (1789).
- Betula grandis Schrad., Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1833: 2 (1833).
- Betula latifolia Tausch, Flora 21: 751 (1838).
- Betula alba lusus latifolia (Tausch) Regel, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 79 (1861).
- Betula alba var. commutata Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 401 (1865).
- Betula alba subsp. excelsa (Aiton) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 405 (1865).
- Betula alba subsp. latifolia (Tausch) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 399 (1865).
- Betula dauurica var. americana Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 175 (1868).
- Betula pirifolia K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 646 (1873).
- Betula kenaica W.H.Evans, Bot. Gaz. 27: 481 (1899).
- Betula papyracea var. communis (Regel) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 55 (1903).
- Betula papyracea var. grandis (Schrad.) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 55 (1903).
- Betula papyracea var. lyalliana (Koehne) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 55 (1903).
- Betula papyrifera var. lyalliana Koehne in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 55 (1903).
- Betula papyrifera var. communis Regel in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben. 1: 115 (1904).
- Betula montanensis Rydb. ex B.T.Butler, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 438 (1909).
- Betula papyrifera var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 4: 984 (1909).
- Betula subcordata Rydb. ex B.T.Butler, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 436 (1909).
- Betula papyrifera var. andrewsii Daniels, Fl. Boulder Colorado: 101 (1911).
- Betula alba var. elobata Fernald, Rhodora 15: 169 (1913).
- Betula lyalliana (Koehne) Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles: 258 (1914).
- Betula papyrifera var. elobata (Fernald) Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 63 (1919).
- Betula papyrifera var. montanensis (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 64 (1919).
- Betula papyrifera var. subcordata (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 63 (1919).
- Betula papyrifera f. coriacea Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora 25: 209 (1923).
- Betula papyrifera var. commutata (Regel) Fernald, Rhodora 47: 312 (1945).
- Betula papyrifera f. longipes Fernald, Rhodora 47: 319 (1945).
- Betula papyrifera var. macrostachya Fernald, Rhodora 47: 318 (1945).
- Betula papyrifera var. pensilis Fernald, Rhodora 47: 318 (1945).
- Betula kamtschatica var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) C.-A.Jansson, Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 137 (1962).
- Betula papyrifera var. recessa Lepage, Naturaliste Canad. 89: 115 (1962).
- Betula neoalaskana var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 94: 230 (1967).
- Betula papyrifera f. elobata (Fernald) B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 94: 231 (1967).
- Betula papyrifera f. nana B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 94: 231 (1967).
- Betula papyrifera subsp. commutata (Regel) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 12: 18 (1982).
- Betula papyrifera subsp. kenaica (W.H.Evans) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 12: 18 (1982).
- Betula papyrifera subsp. subcordata (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 12: 18 (1982).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Subarctic America
  - Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon.
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Virginia.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Ashburner, K. & McAllister, H.A. 2013. The genus Betula: A taxonomic revision of birches (A Botanical Magazine Monograph). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 431 pp., ISBN 978-1-84246-141-9. Reference page.
Stritch, L., 2014. Betula papyrifera. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. IUCN Red List Category: (Least Concern). DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194502A2342659.en. Reference page.
Wang. N., McAllister, H.A., Bartlett, P.R. & Buggs, R.J.A. 2016. Molecular phylogeny and genome size evolution of the genus Betula (Betulaceae). Annals of Botany 117(6): 1023–1035. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw048 Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Betula papyrifera in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 February 9. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Betula papyrifera. Published online. Accessed 9 February 2019.

Vernacular names

беларуская: Бяроза папяровая
čeština: bříza papírovitá
Deutsch: Papier-Birke
English: paper birch
español: Abedul papirífero1, Abedul de las canoas
suomi: Paperikoivu
Gaeilge: Beith gheal
magyar: papírnyír
lietuvių: Popieržievis beržas
Nederlands: Papierberk
norsk: Papirbjørk
polski: brzoza papierowa
русский: Берёза бумажная
slovenčina: breza papierová
svenska: Pappersbjörk
Türkçe: Kâğıt huşu
татарча / tatarça: Ак каен
中文: 北美白樺