Calcarea

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Parazoa
Phylum: Porifera
Classis: Calcarea
Subclasses (2): Calcaronea – Calcinea
Incertae sedis familia: †Consobrinomiidae

Calcarea Bowerbank, 1862: 763

• Calcispongia Johnston, 1842 [nec Calcispongia Blainville, 1830]
• Calcispongiae Schmidt, 1862: 13

• Bowerbank, J.S. 1862. On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae. Part II. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 152(2): 747–829, pls. XXVII–XXXV. BHL Reference page. 
• Johnston, G. 1842. A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. W.H. Lizars: Edinburgh. i–xii + 264 pp., pls. I–XXV. BHL Reference page. 
• Schmidt, O. 1862. Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig. i–viii + 1–88 pp., pls. I–VII. Full article (PDF). GoogleBooks Reference page. 

• Bidder, G.P. 1898. The Skeleton and Classification of Calcareous Sponges. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 64: 61–76. BHL Reference page. 
• Borojevic, R. 1979. Evolution des éponges Calcarea. pp. 527–530 In Lévi, C. & Boury-Esnault, N. (eds.). Biologie des spongiaires. Editions du C.N.R.S.: Paris.
• Burton, M. 1963. A revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. With a Catalogue of the specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). Order of the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History): London. 697 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Dendy, A. & Row, R.W.H. 1913. The Classification and Phylogeny of the Calcareous Sponges, with a Reference List of all the described Species, systematically arranged. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 83(3): 704–813. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1913.tb06152.x Reference page. 
• Dohrmann, M., Voigt, O., Erpenbeck, D. & Wörheide, G. 2006. Non-monophyly of most supraspecific taxa of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) revealed by increased taxon sampling and partitioned Bayesian analysis of ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(3): 830–843. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.016 Reference page. 
• Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867(2): 492–558. BHL Reference page. 
• Haeckel, E. 1870. Prodromus of a system of the Calcareous sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 4 5: 176–191. BHL Reference page. 
• Haeckel, E. 1872. Die Kalkschwämme. Eine Monographie in zwei Bänden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. Georg Reimer: Berlin. [Vol. 1: 1–484 pp. BHL; Vol. 2: 1–418 pp. BHL; Vol. 3: 1–60 pls. BHL] DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.11323 Reference page. 
• Haeckel, E. 1874. The Gastrea-theory, the phylogenetic classification of the animal kingdom and the homology of the germ-lamellae. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 14: 142–165, 223–247. BHL Reference page. 
• Hartman, W.D. 1958. A re-examination of Bidder’s classification of the Calcarea. Systematic Biology 7(3): 55–109. DOI: 10.2307/2411971
• Leys, S.P. & Eerkes-Medrano, D. 2005. Gastrulation in calcareous sponges: in search of Haeckel’s Gastraea. Integrative and Comparative Biology 45(2): 342–351. DOI: 10.1093/icb/45.2.342 .
• Manuel, M. 2006. Phylogeny and evolution of calcareous sponges. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84(2): 225–241. DOI: 10.1139/Z06-005 Reference page. 
• Manuel, M., Borchiellini, C., Alivon, E., Le Parco, Y., Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. 2003. Phylogeny and Evolution of Calcareous Sponges: Monophyly of Calcinea and Calcaronea, High Level of Morphological Homoplasy, and the Primitive Nature of Axial Symmetry. Systematic Biology 52(3): 311–333. DOI: 10.1080/10635150390196966 Reference page. 
• Manuel, M., Borchiellini, C., Alivon, E. & Boury-Esnault, N. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of calcareous sponges using 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA sequences. In Pansini, M., Pronzato, R., Bavestrello, G. & Manconi, R. (eds.). Sponge sciences in the new millennium. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Università di Genova 68: 449–461. Reference page. 
• Manuel, M., Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N. & Vacelet, J. 2002. Class Calcarea Bowerbank, 1864. Pp. 1103–1110 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds.). Systema Porifera. Guide to the classification of sponges. 2 volumes. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow. ISBN 978-0-306-47260-2 Reference page. 
• Minchin, E.A. 1896. Suggestions for a natural classification of the Asconidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 6 18: 349–362. BHL
• Poléjaeff, N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Reports of Science Research Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Zoology 8(24): 1–76. BHL Reference page. 
• Voigt, O., Wülfing, E. & Wörheide, G. 2012. Molecular Phylogenetic Evaluation of Classification and Scenarios of Character Evolution in Calcareous Sponges (Porifera, Class Calcarea). PLoS ONE 7(3): e33417. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033417 Reference page. 

• Calcarea in the World Register of Marine Species
• Tree of Life Web Project. 2008. Calcarea. Version 04 March 2008 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Calcarea/20433/2008.03.04 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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