Spanish language

Spanish
Castilian
Pronunciation	[espaˈɲol], [kasteˈʎano]
Native to	Andorra  Argentina  Belize  Bolivia  Chile  Colombia  Costa Rica  Cuba  Dominican Republic  Ecuador  El Salvador  Equatorial Guinea  Federated States of Micronesia  Gibraltar  Guam  Guatemala  Honduras  Mexico  Morocco  Nicaragua  Panama  Paraguay  Peru  Philippines  Puerto Rico  Spain  Trinidad and Tobago  United States  Uruguay  Venezuela  Western Sahara
Region	Spain, Latin America and the United States of America (see below)
Ethnicity	Spaniards
Native speakers	[1] +99 million as a second language[1] 595 million total
Language family	Indo-European Italic Romance Italo-Western Western Romance Ibero-Romance West-Iberian Castilian Spanish
Early form	Old Spanish
Writing system	Latin (Spanish alphabet) Spanish Braille
Official status
Official language in	24 countries Argentina Bolivia Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Federated States of Micronesia[2] Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines[3] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Spain United States[4] Uruguay Venezuela 12 dependent territories Balearic Islands (Spain) Canary Islands (Spain) Ceuta (Spain) Easter Island (Chile) Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) Juan Fernandez Islands (Chile) Melilla (Spain) New Mexico (United States) Puerto Rico Roraima (Brazil) San Andrés y Providencia (Colombia) Tindouf Province (Algeria) Minority language Algeria Andorra Angola Aruba Australia Austria Belgium Belize Bhutan Brazil Bulgaria Cameroon Canada Caribbean Netherlands Cayman Islands China Cyprus Czechia Denmark Egypt Estonia Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France Gabon Germany Gibraltar Guam Guyana Haiti Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Marshall Islands Mauritania Mongolia Morocco Nepal New Caledonia New Zealand Nigeria Northern Mariana Islands Norway Palau Papua New Guinea Poland Portugal Romania Russia South Sudan Sweden Trinidad and Tobago Türkiye United Kingdom United States Virgin Islands International organisations: United Nations African Union Andean Community European Union Mercosur Organization of American States Union of South American Nations
Regulated by	Association of Spanish Language Academies (Real Academia Española and 21 other national Spanish language academies)
Language codes
ISO 639-1	es
ISO 639-2	spa
ISO 639-3	spa
Linguasphere	51-AAA-b
Countries where Spanish is the official language   Countries where Spanish is a co-official language   Countries where Spanish is culturally important or is spoken by more than 20% of the population   Countries where Spanish is spoken by less than 20% of the population
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Spanish (Spanish: español, pronounced "Eh-span-yole", IPA: /espaɲol/), also called Castilian, is a Romance language. It is the most spoken Romance language in the world. As of December 2021, over 489 million people in the world spoke Spanish as their first language.^[1]

The Spanish language came from a dialect of spoken Latin. In 218 BC, it was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans. After evolving and improving for centuries, it is the world’s 4th most spoken language today with over 489 million native speakers, after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi.

Spanish is used by many people in the world today, partly because Spain traveled and colonized many different parts of the world and created many new countries and governments. The countries with Spanish as an official language are called the Hispanic countries. Most of them are in the Americas, which make up Latin America. They include the following:

In North America, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands:

• Costa Rica
• Cuba
• The Dominican Republic
• Guatemala
• Honduras
• Mexico
• Nicaragua
• Panama
• Puerto Rico (territory of the United States)
• El Salvador
• United States

In the United States of America^[5] and Belize,^[6] most people use English, but Spanish is the second-most common language.

In South America:

• Argentina
• Bolivia
• Chile
• Colombia
• Ecuador
• Paraguay
• Peru
• Uruguay
• Venezuela

Many Brazilians learn Spanish as a second language even though Brazil's official language is Portuguese.^[7]

In other parts of the world:

• Philippines^[8]
• Equatorial Guinea^[9]
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
• Micronesia

The Spanish language was originally the language of Castile.^[10] When the Western Roman Empire collapsed, Latin changed in different ways in different provinces.^[11] The Latin spoken in the Iberian Peninsula developed into the Ibero-Romance language in the 6th century.^[12] Castilian and Portuguese became separate languages around the 12th century.^[12]

In Spain, there are other languages that also came from Latin that are connected to Spanish, like Catalan, and Galician.^[13] Basque, also called Euskera or Euskara, is spoken in the Basque region of northern Spain and the southern region of France. Very different from Spanish,^[14] Basque is a language isolate since it is not known to have descended from any language family.

Catalan is not a dialect of Spanish and is actually more closely related to French.^[10]

Spanish is sometimes called Castellano^[15] because Castile is the region in Spain that is the origin of the language.^[11]

The Spanish word for Spanish is "español", and the Spanish word for Castilian is "castellano".^[10] In the other Romance languages spoken on the Iberian Peninsula, such as Galician, Catalan, Asturian, and others, Spanish is usually called "Castellán" or "Castellà" instead of "Spanish".^{[16][better source needed]} In Spain, the name of the subject in schools is "lengua castellana" (Castilian language). However, in the regions of Spain in which people speak only Spanish, people call their language Spanish.^{[16][better source needed]}

In Portuguese, the word "castelhano" is common to mention Spanish,^[17] however, in informal language, the most preferred name for the language is "espanhol". Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal and Brazil, has many similarities to Spanish.^[18]

In 2009, for the first time in history, Spanish was the most common "mother tongue" language of the western world, more than English. It was also the second most common language on Earth, after Chinese. As of 2016, the three most common languages in the world are:^[1]

1. Chinese: Spoken by about 1.305 billion people
2. Spanish: Spoken by about 427 million people in 34 different countries
3. English: Spoken by 339 million people in 108 different countries

• Hispanidad, people and nations that share the Spanish language and culture

Spanish edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• Ethnologue report for Spanish
• Spanish phrasebook on Wikivoyage
• The Project Gutenberg EBook of A First Spanish Reader by Erwin W. Roessler and Alfred Remy.
• Spanish to English Archived 2017-08-08 at the Wayback Machine online translation