Abdication

Abdication is the act of resigning from an office (official job), especially from being the leader of a country. The word is normally used for kings and queens who decide to give up their position which brings an end to a reign.^[1] The term is also used for popes.^[2]

A similar term for an elected or appointed official is resignation.

King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom is an example of a king who abdicated.^[3]

Select list of abdications

Caedwalla of Wessex, 688^[4]
Ine of Wessex, 726^[5]
Pope Benedict IX, 1048^[6]
Stephen II of Hungary, 1131^[1]
Pope Celestine V, 1294^[7]
Richard II of England, 1399^[1]
Pope Gregory XII, 1415.^[7]
Murad II, Ottoman Sultan, 1444-1445^[1]
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 1556^[1]
Christina of Sweden, 1654^[8]
James II of England, 1688^[9]
Philip V of Spain, 1724^[1]
Ahmed III, Sultan of Turkey, 1730^[1]
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 1814^[10] and 1815^[11]
Charles X of France, 1830^[1]
Pedro I of Brazil, 1831^[12]
Miguel of Portugal, 1834^[1]
Louis Philippe I of France, 1848^[1]
Fredrik Kaarle I of Finland, 1918
Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, 1936
Pope Benedict XVI, 2013.^[7]
Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, 2013
King Albert II of Belgium, 2013
King Juan Carlos I of Spain, 2014
Emperor Akihito of Japan, 2019^[13]
Margrethe II of Denmark, 2024

References

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 "Abdication," Encyclopædia Britannica (1911); retrieved 2013-2-11.
↑ "Abdication," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2013-2-11.
↑ "Edward VIII: Abdication timeline," BBC. 29 January 2003; retrieved 2013-2-11.
↑ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 70
↑ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 72-73
↑ "Pope Benedict IX", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Lizzy Davies. "Pope Benedict XVI resigns," Guardian UK). 11 February 2013; retrieved 2013-2-11.
↑ Masson, Georgina. (1968). Queen Christina, p. 175.
↑ "English Revolution of 1688", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.
↑ Pawly, Ronald. (2004). Napoleon's Imperial Headquarters, p. 4.
↑ Pawly, p. 52.
↑ Curtis, William Eleroy. (1888). The Capitals of Spanish America, pp. 688.
↑ Enjoji, Kaori (December 1, 2017). "Japan Emperor Akihito to abdicate on April 30, 2019". CNN. Tokyo. Retrieved December 1, 2017.

[britannica2011-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 "Abdication," Encyclopædia Britannica (1911); retrieved 2013-2-11.

[2] "Abdication," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2013-2-11.

[3] "Edward VIII: Abdication timeline," BBC. 29 January 2003; retrieved 2013-2-11.

[4] Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 70

[5] Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 72-73

[6] "Pope Benedict IX", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.

[davies-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Lizzy Davies. "Pope Benedict XVI resigns," Guardian UK). 11 February 2013; retrieved 2013-2-11.

[8] Masson, Georgina. (1968). Queen Christina, p. 175.

[9] "English Revolution of 1688", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.

[10] Pawly, Ronald. (2004). Napoleon's Imperial Headquarters, p. 4.

[11] Pawly, p. 52.

[12] Curtis, William Eleroy. (1888). The Capitals of Spanish America, pp. 688.

[13] Enjoji, Kaori (December 1, 2017). "Japan Emperor Akihito to abdicate on April 30, 2019". CNN. Tokyo. Retrieved December 1, 2017.

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