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Review
. 2017 Dec 11;22(12):2197.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22122197.

The Diverse Range of Possible Cell Membrane Interactions with Substrates: Drug Delivery, Interfaces and Mobility

Hyun-Sook Jang  1
Affiliations
Review

The Diverse Range of Possible Cell Membrane Interactions with Substrates: Drug Delivery, Interfaces and Mobility

Hyun-Sook Jang. Molecules. .

Abstract

The cell membrane has gained significant attention as a platform for the development of bio-inspired nanodevices due to its immune-evasive functionalities and copious bio-analogs. This review will examine several uses of cell membranes such as (i) therapeutic delivery carriers with or without substrates (i.e., nanoparticles and artificial polymers) that have enhanced efficiency regarding copious cargo loading and controlled release, (ii) exploiting nano-bio interfaces in membrane-coated particles from the macro- to the nanoscales, which would help resolve the biomedical issues involved in biological interfacing in the body, and (iii) its effects on the mobility of bio-moieties such as lipids and/or proteins in cell membranes, as discussed from a biophysical perspective. We anticipate that this review will influence both the development of novel anti-phagocytic delivery cargo and address biophysical problems in soft and complex cell membrane.

Keywords: bio-interfaces; bio-membrane; mobility; nanocarriers; nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The schematic of the self-assembly of a core-shell structure (i.e., vesicles) consists of amphiphilic molecules and a variety of biological moieties and agents. One of the representative amphiphilic molecules, phospholipids, is composed of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The schematics for the preparation process for RBC-membrane-coated PLGA NPs. RBC membrane-coated NPs are prepared using an extrusion-based fusion process between the osmotic shock-derived RBC membranes and the nano-sized PLGA particles. Adapted with permission from [39] copyright 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) The effect of surface charge of particles on RBC membrane coating. The upper left corner shows a TEM image of negatively charged polymeric particles extruded from RBC membranes while the upper right corner illustrates the electrostatic interaction between negatively and asymmetrically charged RBC membranes with negatively charged polymeric cores. The opposite case, positively charged polymeric cores with RBC membranes is shown in a TEM image (bottom left) as well as its possible electrostatic interactions (bottom right); (b) The effect of substrate particle curvature induced by particle sizes on RBC membrane coating. Representative TEM images show RBC-NPs with a variety of NP cores sized 65, 120, 200, and 340 nm in diameters, indicating uniform RBC cloaking on various sizes of NPs. Adapted with permission from [90] copyright 2011, Royal Society of Chemistry, Nanoscales.
Figure 4
Figure 4
TEM images with uranyl acetate negative staining that depict (a) RBC membrane-derived vesicles without the core substrates after sonication, (b) a low surface cover ratio of RBC membranes to Si particles (2 μm), which shows the partial debris of membranes on substrates, and (c) a high surface cover ratio of RBC membranes to Si particles with the successful translocation of the membrane onto the Si particles. The inset figures show a confocal image of RBC-membrane-coated hybrid Si particles with the low and high surface cover ratio of RBC membranes to particles in the phosphate buffered saline solution. The membrane was labeled with fluorescence lipids (DMPE-RhB) of 2 μM.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) The FCS curves of three different systems. Free dye (Rh6G) is in gray, supported lipid bilayers (SLB) composed of the DMPC are in black and extracted ghost RBC membranes are in the red labeled with DMPE-RhB (2 μM); (b) The effect of the total protein contents on the sub-diffusiveness (α) of supported RBC membranes. The protein contents were confirmed with a bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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