Leaching process for recovering valuable metals from the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode of lithium-ion batteries
- PMID: 28325707
- DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.011
Leaching process for recovering valuable metals from the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode of lithium-ion batteries
Abstract
In view of the importance of environmental protection and resource recovery, recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and electrode scraps generated during manufacturing processes is quite necessary. An environmentally sound leaching process for the recovery of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn from spent LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2-based LIBs and cathode scraps was investigated in this study. Eh-pH diagrams were used to determine suitable leaching conditions. Operating variables affecting the leaching efficiencies for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn from LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, such as the H2SO4 concentration, temperature, H2O2 concentration, stirring speed, and pulp density, were investigated to determine the most efficient conditions for leaching. The leaching efficiencies for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn reached 99.7% under the optimized conditions of 1M H2SO4, 1vol% H2O2, 400rpm stirring speed, 40g/L pulp density, and 60min leaching time at 40°C. The leaching kinetics of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 were found to be significantly faster than those of LiCoO2. Based on the variation in the weight fraction of the metal in the residue, the "cubic rate law" was revised as follows: θ(1-f)1/3=(1-kt/r0ρ), which could characterize the leaching kinetics optimally. The activation energies were determined to be 64.98, 65.16, 66.12, and 66.04kJ/mol for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn, respectively, indicating that the leaching process was controlled by the rate of surface chemical reactions. Finally, a simple process was proposed for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2-based LIBs and cathode scraps.
Keywords: Kinetics; Leaching; LiNi(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3)O(2); Lithium-ion batteries; Recycling.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
-
Sustainable recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using DL-malic acid: Leaching and kinetics aspect.Waste Manag Res. 2018 Feb;36(2):113-120. doi: 10.1177/0734242X17744273. Epub 2017 Dec 6. Waste Manag Res. 2018. PMID: 29212425
-
A novel process for recycling and resynthesizing LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps intended for lithium-ion batteries.Waste Manag. 2014 Sep;34(9):1715-24. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.023. Epub 2014 Jun 25. Waste Manag. 2014. PMID: 24973865
-
Process for recycling mixed-cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries and kinetics of leaching.Waste Manag. 2018 Jan;71:362-371. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.028. Epub 2017 Oct 27. Waste Manag. 2018. PMID: 29110940
-
A review on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the bioleaching approach.Chemosphere. 2021 Nov;282:130944. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130944. Epub 2021 May 21. Chemosphere. 2021. PMID: 34087562 Review.
-
Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using microbial agents for bioleaching: a review.Front Microbiol. 2023 May 31;14:1197081. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197081. eCollection 2023. Front Microbiol. 2023. PMID: 37323903 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
E-waste recycled materials as efficient catalysts for renewable energy technologies and better environmental sustainability.Environ Dev Sustain. 2023 Jan 18:1-36. doi: 10.1007/s10668-023-02925-7. Online ahead of print. Environ Dev Sustain. 2023. PMID: 36691418 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Study on valuable metal incorporation in the Fe-Al precipitate during neutralization of LIB leach solution.Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 2;11(1):23283. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02019-2. Sci Rep. 2021. PMID: 34857788 Free PMC article.
-
Recycling and Reuse of Spent LIBs: Technological Advances and Future Directions.Molecules. 2024 Jul 2;29(13):3161. doi: 10.3390/molecules29133161. Molecules. 2024. PMID: 38999113 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles.Nature. 2019 Nov;575(7781):75-86. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5. Epub 2019 Nov 6. Nature. 2019. PMID: 31695206 Review.
-
The Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Crucial Flotation for the Separation of Cathode and Anode Materials.Molecules. 2023 May 13;28(10):4081. doi: 10.3390/molecules28104081. Molecules. 2023. PMID: 37241821 Free PMC article. Review.
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources