Multicenter Study

. 2014 Aug;66(2):361-70.

doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.09.050. Epub 2013 Oct 9.

Conditional survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: evidence for a patient changing risk profile over time

Guillaume Ploussard¹, Shahrokh F Shariat², Alice Dragomir³, Luis A Kluth⁴, Evanguelos Xylinas⁵, Alexandra Masson-Lecomte⁶, Malte Rieken⁷, Michael Rink⁸, Kazumasa Matsumoto⁹, Eiji Kikuchi¹⁰, Tobias Klatte¹¹, Stephen A Boorjian¹², Yair Lotan¹³, Florian Roghmann¹⁴, Adrian S Fairey¹⁵, Yves Fradet¹⁶, Peter C Black¹⁷, Ricardo Rendon¹⁸, Jonathan Izawa¹⁹, Wassim Kassouf²⁰

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Urology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
² Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
³ Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁴ Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
⁵ Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
⁶ Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France.
⁷ Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
⁸ Department of Urology, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
⁹ Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹² Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
¹³ Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Urology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Marienhospital, Herne, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
¹⁷ Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
¹⁸ Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
¹⁹ Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
²⁰ Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: wassim.kassouf@muhc.mcgill.ca.

PMID: 24139235
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.09.050

Multicenter Study

Conditional survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: evidence for a patient changing risk profile over time

Guillaume Ploussard et al. Eur Urol. 2014 Aug.

. 2014 Aug;66(2):361-70.

doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.09.050. Epub 2013 Oct 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Urology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
² Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
³ Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁴ Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
⁵ Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
⁶ Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France.
⁷ Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
⁸ Department of Urology, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
⁹ Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹² Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
¹³ Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Urology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Marienhospital, Herne, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
¹⁷ Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
¹⁸ Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
¹⁹ Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
²⁰ Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: wassim.kassouf@muhc.mcgill.ca.

PMID: 24139235
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.09.050

Abstract

Background: Standard survival statistics do not take into consideration the changes in the weight of individual variables at subsequent times after the diagnosis and initial treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective: To assess the changes in 5-yr conditional survival (CS) rates after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer and to determine how well-established prognostic factors evolve over time.

Design, setting, and participants: We analyzed data from 8141 patients treated with radical cystectomy at 15 international academic centers between 1979 and 2012.

Interventions: Radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Conditional cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) estimates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The multivariable Cox regression model was used to calculate proportional hazard ratios for the prediction of mortality after stratification by clinical characteristics (age, perioperative chemotherapy status) and pathologic characteristics (pT stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion, pN stage, number of nodes removed, margin status). The median follow-up was 32 mo.

Results and limitations: The 5-yr CSS and OS rates were 67.7% and 57.5%, respectively. Given a 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 10-yr survivorship, the 5-yr conditional OS rates improved by +5.6 (60.7%), +8.4 (65.8%), +7.6 (70.8%), +3.0 (72.9%), and +1.9% (74.3%), respectively. The 5-yr conditional CSS rates improved by +5.6 (71.5%), +9.8 (78.5%), +7.9 (84.7%), +7.2 (90.8%), and 5.6% (95.9%), respectively. The 5- and 10-yr CS improvement was primarily noted among surviving patients with advanced stage disease. The impact of pathologic parameters on CS estimates decreased over time for both CSS and OS. Findings were confirmed on multivariable analyses. The main limitation was the retrospective design.

Conclusions: CS analysis demonstrates that the patient risk profile changes over time. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing survivorship. The CS rates improve mainly in the case of advanced stage disease. The impact of prognostic pathologic features decreases over time and can disappear for long-term CS.

Keywords: Bladder cancer; Conditional survival; Outcome; Radical cystectomy.

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Comment in

Re: Conditional Survival after Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: Evidence for a Patient Changing Risk Profile over Time.
Chang SS. Chang SS. J Urol. 2016 Mar;195(3):610-1. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.12.003. Epub 2015 Dec 10. J Urol. 2016. PMID: 26887704 No abstract available.

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Conditional survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: evidence for a patient changing risk profile over time

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Conditional survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: evidence for a patient changing risk profile over time

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