Monomeric recombinant MD-2 binds toll-like receptor 4 tightly and confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness
- PMID: 11976338
- DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M202554200
Monomeric recombinant MD-2 binds toll-like receptor 4 tightly and confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness
Abstract
In order to mediate cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 must interact with MD-2, a secreted protein. In this study, a biochemical assay was developed to demonstrate that recombinant MD-2 can interact with the extracellular portion of TLR4 in solution. The ability of MD-2 to multimerize was confirmed, and MD-1 was also shown to possess this ability. Through site-directed mutagenesis, more than two intermolecular disulfide bonds were found to stabilize the MD-2 multimer. MD-2's abilities to confer LPS responsiveness and to bind TLR4 were strongly associated functions. Remarkably, although the majority of recombinant MD-2 exists in multimeric form, monomeric MD-2 was found to preferentially bind TLR4 and to confer LPS responsiveness more efficiently than MD-2 multimers.
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