Eleanor dari Aquitaine
(Dilencongkan daripada Eleanor of Aquitaine)
| Eleanor | |
|---|---|
 Patung makam di Biara Fontevraud | |
| Duchess Aquitaine | |
| Pemerintahan | 9 April 1137 – 1 April 1204 |
| Didahului oleh | William X |
| Diikuti oleh | John |
| Co-rulers | |
| Permaisuri Perancis | |
| Pegangan | 1 Ogos 1137 – 21 Mac 1152 |
| Pertabalan | 25 Disember 1137 |
| Permaisuri England | |
| Pegangan | 19 Disember 1154 – 6 Julai 1189 |
| Pertabalan | 19 Disember 1154 |
| Keputeraan | s. 1124 Bordeaux, Aquitaine |
| Kemangkatan | 1 April 1204 (aged ~80) Biara Fontevraud[1] |
| Pemakaman | Biara Fontevraud, Fontevraud |
| Pasangan |
|
| Anakanda Butiran | |
| Kerabat | Ramnulfids |
| Ayahanda | William X, Duke Aquitaine |
| Bonda | Aénor de Châtellerault |
Eleanor dari Aquitaine (Perancis: Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Éléonore d'Aquitaine, Occitan: Alienòr d'Aquitània, [aljeˈnɔɾ dakiˈtanjɔ], Latin: Helienordis, Alienorde or Alianor;[a] s. 1124 – 1 April 1204) ialah Duchess Aquitaine dari tahun 1137 hingga 1204, Ratu Perancis dari 1137 ke 1152 sebagai permaisuri Raja Louis VII,[4] dan Permaisuri England dari 1154 hingga 1189 sebagai isteri Raja Henry II. Sebagai pewaris Kerabat Poitier, yang menguasai sebahagian besar barat daya Perancis, dia salah seorang wanita terkaya dan paling berkuasa di Eropah Barat semasa Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi.
Anak sulung William X, Duke Aquitaine, dan Aénor de Châtellerault, Eleanor menjadi duchess selepas kemangkatan bapanya pada tahun 1137. Kemudian pada tahun itu, dia berkahwin dengan Louis, anak Raja Louis VI dari Perancis. Tidak lama selepas itu, bapa mentua Eleanor meninggal dunia dan suaminya menjadi raja, menjadikan raja permaisuri. Louis VII dan Eleanor mempunyai dua orang puteri, Marie dan Alix. Semasa Perang Salib Kedua, Eleanor menemani Louis ke Tanah Suci. Permintaannya pada tahun 1149 untuk membatalkan perkahwinan mereka atas alasan sama darah[5] ditolak oleh Paus Eugenius III.[6] Pada tahun 1152, selepas lima belas tahun berkahwin, Eleanor masih tiada waris lelaki, dan pembatalan perkahwinan itu diberikan.[7] Puteri-puteri mereka diisytiharkan sah, hak penjagaan diberikan kepada Louis, dan tanah Eleanor dikembalikan kepadanya.
Pada tahun yang sama, Eleanor berkahwin dengan Henry, Duke Normandy. Pada tahun 1154, selepas kemangkatan Raja Stephen dari England, Henry dan Eleanor menjadi raja dan permaisuri England. Mereka mempunyai lima orang putera dan tiga orang puteri tetapi akhirnya menjadi renggang. Henry memenjarakan Eleanor kerana menyokong pemberontakan 1173 terhadapnya oleh putera-putera mereka Henry yang Muda, Richard dan Geoffrey. Eleanor dikurung sehingga 1189, apabila suaminya mangkat dan putera ketiga mereka, Richard I, menaiki takhta. Sebagai janda permaisuri, Eleanor bertindak sebagai pemangku raja semasa Richard tiada lama di England dan Perancis. Pada kemangkatan Richard pada tahun 1199, Eleanor berjaya berkempen untuk adik lelakinya John untuk menggantikannya. Selepas pergolakan antara raja-raja Perancis dan Inggeris dan kehilangan banyak jajahan yang pernah dikuasainya dan Henry II, Eleanor mangkat pada 1204 dan dikebumikan di Biara Fontevraud di Perancis.[8]
Dari segi ketenteraan, dia adalah seorang tokoh utama dalam Perang Salib Kedua, dan dalam pemberontakan yang memihak kepada anaknya. Dari segi budaya, dia penaung penyair seperti Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure dan Bernart de Ventadorn, dan seni Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi.
Nota
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Untuk Helienordis, lihat Ego Helienordis, Francorum regina, et Willelmi ducis Aquitanici filia - Beta Eleanor, Ratu Frank, dan anak perempuan William Duke dari Aquitaine. Surat 28 Disember 1140,[2] juga Ego Helienordis, Dei gratia humilis Francorum regina (1151).[3] Ejaan nama Eleanor berbeza-beza dalam babad-babad Latin, contohnya Alienorde dalam Chroniques de Touraine tetapi Alianor dalam Gervase dari Canterbury
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Brown 2003, m/s. 17.
- ^ Chadwick 2021a.
- ^ Grasilier 1871, m/s. 36.
- ^ Middleton 2015, m/s. 274.
- ^ Meade 1991, m/s. 106.
- ^ Meade 1991, m/s. 122.
- ^ Meade 1991.
- ^ Birch 2009, m/s. 331.
Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Buku
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- d'Avray, D. L. (2014). "Eleanor of Aquitaineand Louis VII of france". Dissolving Royal Marriages: A Documentary History, 860–1600. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 50–52. ISBN 978-1-107-06250-4.
- Messer, Danna (Julai 2015). "Dissolving Royal Marriages: A Documentary History, 860–1600". Reviews in History (Review). doi:10.14296/RiH/2014/1806. Dicapai pada 30 Mei 2024.
- Harvey, Katherine (20 Mei 2015). "d'Avray, Dissolving Royal Marriages: A Documentary History 800–1600 (Cambridge University Press, 2014)". Royal Studies Journal (Review). 2 (1): 30. doi:10.21039/rsj.v2i1.25. ISSN 2057-6730.
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- Vincent, Nicholas (2006). "Patronage, Politics and Piety in the charters of Eleanor of Aquitaine". Dalam Aurell, Martin; Tonnerre, Noël-Yves (penyunting). Plantagenêts et Capétiens, confrontations et héritages (dalam bahasa Perancis). Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols. m/s. 17–60. ISBN 978-2-503-52290-6.
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Sumber sejarah
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Biografi (mengikut kronologi)
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Kelly, Amy (1978) [1950]. Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-24254-8.(Available here at Internet Archive)
- Walker, Curtis Howe (1950). Eleanor of Aquitaine. Richmond, Virginia: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-0587-9. (Available here at Internet Archive)
- Pernoud, Régine (1967) [1966 Albin Michel]. Eleanor of Aquitaine [Aliénor d'Aquitaine]. Diterjemahkan oleh Peter Wiles. London: Collins. (Available here at Internet Archive)
- Kibler, William W., penyunting (2014) [1976]. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Patron and Politician. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-0024-4.
- Meade, Marion (1991) [1977]. Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-8015-2231-4.
- Seward, Desmond (2014) [1978]. Eleanor of Aquitaine: The Mother Queen of the Middle Ages. New York: Pegasus Publications. ISBN 978-0-7153-7647-8.;
- Brooks, Polly Schoyer (1983). Queen Eleanor: Independent Spirit of the Medieval World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-397-31994-7.(For young readers)
- Laube, Daniela (1984). Zehn Kapitel zur Geschichte der Eleonore von Aquitanien (dalam bahasa Jerman). Bern: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-261-03476-2.
- Owen, Douglas David Roy (1996) [1993]. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and Legend. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-20101-4. (Searchable here at Internet Archive)
- Duby, George (1997) [1995 Gallimard]. "1. E1eanor". Women of the Twelfth Century, Volume 1: Eleanor of Aquitaine and Six Others [Dames du XIIe siècle (Tome 1) – Héloïse, Aliénor, Iseut et quelques autres]. Diterjemahkan oleh Jean Birrell. University of Chicago Press. m/s. 5–21. ISBN 978-0-226-16780-0. (1. Original French version)
- Weir, Alison (2012) [1999]. Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-83185-9. (Searchable here at Internet Archive. Also published under the title Eleanor of Aquitaine: By the wrath of God, Queen of England)
- Parsons, John C.; Wheeler, Bonnie, penyunting (2003) [2002]. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-05262-9.(Available here at Internet Archive)
- Aurell, Martin, penyunting (2004). Aliénor d'Aquitaine. Revue 303; issue 81 (dalam bahasa Perancis).
- Boyd, Douglas (2011) [2004 Sutton Publishing]. April Queen: Eleanor of Aquitaine. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7304-8.(Available here at Internet Archive)
- Flori, Jean (2004). Aliénor d'Aquitaine: la reine insoumise [Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and rebel] (dalam bahasa Perancis). Diterjemahkan oleh O Classe. Paris: Payot. ISBN 978-2-228-89829-4. (Searchable in Spanish here or in English here on Google Books (Edinburgh University Press 2007)
- Evans, Michael (Ogos 2009). "Jean Flori. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and Rebel". Medieval Feminist Forum (Review). 45 (1): 179–181. doi:10.17077/1536-8742.1777. (Review of 2007 English translation)
- Swabey, Ffiona (2004). Eleanor of Aquitaine, Courtly Love, and the Troubadours. Greenwood Guides to historic events of the Medieval World. Westport, CT: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-313-32523-6. (Searchable here at Internet Archive)
- Fripp, Robert (2006). Power of a Woman. Memoirs of a turbulent life: Eleanor of Aquitaine. Toronto, Ontario: Shillingstone Press. ISBN 978-0-9780621-6-3.
- Turner, Ralph V. (2009). Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15989-9.
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- Earenfight, Theresa (21 Februari 2011). "Turner, Eleanor of Aquitaine". The Medieval Review (Review). ISSN 1096-746X.
- Livingstone, Amy (2013). "Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England". Medieval Prosopography (Review). 28: 182–185. ISSN 0198-9405. JSTOR 44946918.
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- Pikkemaat, Guus (2011). Eleonore van Aquitanië 1122–1204, een bijzondere vrouw in het zomertij der middeleeuwen (dalam bahasa Belanda). Aspekt. ISBN 978-90-5911-510-1.(see Pikkemaat. Review and author's foreword)
- Evans, Michael R. (2014). Inventing Eleanor: The Medieval and Post-Medieval Image of Eleanor of Aquitaine. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-4603-8.(Full text available here, on Ebin)
- Woodacre, Elena (Jun 2015). "Inventing Eleanor: the Medieval and Post-Medieval Image of Eleanor of Aquitaine". Reviews in History (Review). doi:10.14296/RiH/2014/1786. Dicapai pada 28 Disember 2023.
- Evans, Michael (2018). "The missing queen? Eleanor of Aquitaine in the early reign of Louis VII". Dalam Bardot, Michael L; Marvin, Laurence W (penyunting). Louis VII and His World. Later Medieval Europe. 18. Leiden: Brill. m/s. 105–113. ISBN 978-90-04-36800-2. Excerpt
- Cockerill, Sara (2019). Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France and England, Mother of Empires. Stroud, Gloucstershire: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-4618-3.
- Aurell, Martin (2020). Aliénor d'Aquitaine (dalam bahasa Perancis). Humensis. ISBN 978-2-13-081809-0.
- Lewis, Matthew (2021). Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Founding an Empire. Stroud, Gloucstershire: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-7157-4.
- Weir, Alison (2021). "Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of Henry II". Queens of the Crusades: England's Medieval Queens. 2: 1154–1291. New York: Random House Publishing Group. m/s. 1–134. ISBN 978-1-101-96670-9.
- Sullivan, Karen (2023). Eleanor of Aquitaine, as It Was Said: Truth and Tales about the Medieval Queen. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-82584-7.
- Newman, Barbara (2 November 2023). "She was of the devil's race". London Review of Books (Review). 45 (21). ISSN 0260-9592. Dicapai pada 12 Januari 2024.
- Fiksyen
- Ball, Margaret (2006). Duchess of Aquitaine: A Novel of Eleanor. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-4299-0139-0.
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- Gregory, Kristiana (2002). Eleanor: Crown Jewel of Aquitaine. New York: Scholastic Inc. ISBN 978-0-439-16484-9.
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Bab
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bouchard, Constance Brittain (2003). Eleanor's divorce from Louis VII: The uses of consanguinity (Chapter). m/s. 223–236., in Parsons & Wheeler (2003)
- Brown, Elizabeth A R (2003). Eleanor of Aquitaine reconsidered: The woman and her seasons (Chapter). m/s. 1–54., in Parsons & Wheeler (2003)
- Huneycutt, Lois L (2003). Alianora Regina Anglorum: Eleanor of Aquitaine and her Anglo-Norman predecessors as queens of England (Chapter). m/s. 115–132., in Parsons & Wheeler (2003)
- Le Goff, Jacques; Armengaud, Jean-Pierre; Aurell, Martin (2004). Entretien avec Jacques Le Goff (Chapter). m/s. 20–25., in Aurell (2004)
- McCracken, Peggy (2003). Scandalising desire: Eleanor of Aquitaine and the chroniclers (Chapter). m/s. 247–265., in Parsons & Wheeler (2003)
- Pappano, Margaret Aziza (2003). Marie de France, Aliénor d'Aquitaine, and the Alien Queen (Chapter). m/s. 337–368., in Parsons & Wheeler (2003)
- Parsons, John; Wheeler, Bonnie (2003a). Prologue (Chapter). m/s. xiii–xxix., in Parsons & Wheeler (2003)
Makalah dan tesis
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bouchard, Constance B. (1981). "Consanguinity and Noble Marriages in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries". Speculum. 56 (2): 268–287. doi:10.2307/2846935. ISSN 0038-7134. JSTOR 2846935. PMID 11610836. S2CID 38717048.
- Broadhurst, Karen M. (Januari 1996). "Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Patrons of Literature in French?". Viator. 27: 53–84. doi:10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.301122. ISSN 0083-5897.
- Carney, Elizabeth (1984). "Fact and Fiction in 'Queen Eleanor's Confession'". Folklore. 95 (2): 167–170. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1984.9716310. ISSN 0015-587X. JSTOR 1260200.
- Chambers, Frank McMinn (1941). "Some Legends Concerning Eleanor of Aquitaine". Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies. University of Chicago Press. 16 (4): 459–468. doi:10.2307/2852844. JSTOR 2852844. S2CID 162522341.
- Clogan, Paul M. (1990). "New Directions in Twelfth-Century Courtly Narrative: Le Roman de Thèbes". Mediaevistik. 3: 55–70. ISSN 0934-7453. JSTOR 42583811.
- Crawford, Katherine (2012). "Revisiting Monarchy: Women and the Prospects for Power". Journal of Women's History. 24 (1): 160–171. doi:10.1353/jowh.2012.0006. S2CID 144074176.
- Dobson, Dina Portway (1912). "Eleanor of Aquitaine". History. 1 (4): 201–212. ISSN 0018-2648. JSTOR 44990112.
- Harris-Stoertz, Fiona (2012). "Pregnancy and Childbirth in Twelfth-and Thirteenth-Century French and English Law". Journal of the History of Sexuality. 21 (2): 263–281. doi:10.1353/sex.2012.0040. ISSN 1043-4070. JSTOR 41475080. PMID 22606750. S2CID 27146977.
- Kelly, Amy (Januari 1937). "Eleanor of Aquitaine and Her Courts of Love". Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies. University of Chicago Press. 12 (1): 3–19. doi:10.2307/2848658. JSTOR 2848658. S2CID 162194965.
- Kleinmann, Dorothée; Garcia, Michel; Cloulas, Ivan; Kenaan-Kedar, Nurith (1999). "Les peintures murales de Sainte-Radegonde de Chinon. À propos d'un article récent". Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale. 42 (168): 397–399. doi:10.3406/ccmed.1999.2766.
- Marvin, Laurence W. (2019). "King Louis Vii of France Fails to Lead: Disaster on the Second Crusade". Medieval Warfare. 9 (2): 38–43. ISSN 2211-5129. JSTOR 48637203.
- Norman, F. (April 1963). "Eleanor of Poitou in the twelfth-century German lyric". German Life and Letters. 16 (3–4): 248–255. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0483.1963.tb00724.x. ISSN 0016-8777.
- Richardson, H. G. (1959). "The Letters and Charters of Eleanor of Aquitaine". The English Historical Review. 74 (291): 193–213. doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXIV.291.193. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 558439.
- Rodríguez Viejo, Jesús (2016). "Royal manuscript patronage in late Ducal Normandy? A context for the female patron portrait of the Fécamp Psalter (c. 1180)" (PDF). Cerae: An Australasian Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. 3: 1–35. ISSN 2204-146X.
- Stapleton, Rachel F. (November 2012). "Motherly Devotion and Fatherly Obligation: Eleanor of Aquitaine's Letters to Pope Celestine III". Medieval Feminist Forum. 48 (1): 97–121. doi:10.17077/1536-8742.1913. ISSN 1536-8742.
- Turner, Ralph V. (2013). "Eleanor of Aquitaine". Groniek (198): 23–33. ISSN 0169-2801.
- — (Januari 1988). "Eleanor of Aquitaine and her children: an inquiry into medieval family attachment". Journal of Medieval History. 14 (4): 321–335. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(88)90031-0. ISSN 0304-4181.
- — (Januari 2008). "Eleanor of Aquitaine, Twelfth-Century English Chroniclers and her 'Black Legend'". Nottingham Medieval Studies. 52: 17–42. doi:10.1484/J.NMS.3.427. ISSN 0078-2122. S2CID 162514613.
- Wilkinson, Bertie (1944). "The government of England during the absence of Richard I on the Third Crusade" (PDF). Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, Manchester. 28 (2): 485–509. doi:10.7227/BJRL.28.2.12.
- Tesis
- Akeroyd, Marissa Naschae (Disember 2017). Eleanor of Aquitaine: By the Grace of God Queen of England (MA Thesis). Department of History, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond.
- Barreiros, Megane (2016). Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Queen and A Mother (PDF) (MA Thesis). Université Toulouse.
- Mason, Sherry Lynn (Mei 2019). Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine: Political Motherhood in the Middle Ages (MA Thesis). Department of History, Boise State University.
- Ramsey, Shawn D. (Ogos 2012). Deliberative Rhetoric in the Twelfth Century: The Case for Eleanor of Aquitaine, Noblewomen, and the Ars Dictaminis (PhD Thesis). Bowling Green State University, Ohio.
- Quesenberry, Madison (Mei 2017). Humble Queen of England: An analysis of Eleanor of Aquitaine's role in the governance of the Angevin Empire (PDF) (MA Thesis). Appalachian State University.
Ensiklopedia
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Martindale, Jane (2004). "Eleanor [Eleanor of Aquitaine], suo jure duchess of Aquitaine". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8618. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (langganan atau keahlian perpustakaan awam United Kingdom diperlukan)
- Davis, Henry William Carless (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 18 (ed. ke-11). m/s. 168.
- Pernoud, Régine (17 November 2023). "Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen consort of France and England". Encyclopædia Britannica. Dicapai pada 27 Disember 2023.
Laman web
[sunting | sunting sumber]- All About History (13 Julai 2017). "Sex & The Citadel: Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Courtly Love Myth". All About History. Dicapai pada 20 Disember 2023.
- Aquitaine, Eleanor of (1193). "A letter from Eleanor of Aquitaine (1193)". Columbia University Center for Teaching and Learning. Epistolae: Medieval Women's Latin Letters. Dicapai pada 18 Januari 2024.
- Baker Street (2024). "The Accolade by Edmund Leighton". Baker Street Gallery. Dicapai pada 9 Julai 2024.
- BBC (2024). "Eleanor Rising". Radio 4. Dicapai pada 10 Januari 2024.
- BBC (2014). "Eleanor of Aquitaine". History: Historic figures. Dicapai pada 16 Januari 2024.
- Betts, Gavin (2018). "10: Were diu werlt alle min (Carmina Burana)". Teach Yourself Complete Latin: Level 4. Teach Yourself. Dicapai pada 14 Januari 2024.
- Brooke, Michael (2014a). "King John On Screen". BFI Screenonline Television. Dicapai pada 31 Disember 2023.
- Brooke, Michael (2014b). "Life and Death of King John". BFI Screenonline Television. Dicapai pada 31 Disember 2023.
- Brooklyn Museum (2024). "Place Settings". Center for Feminist Art. Dicapai pada 18 Januari 2024.
- Chadwick, Elizabeth (24 Mac 2013). "Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Brother Who Never Was". The History Girls. Dicapai pada 29 Jun 2024.
- — (5 Jun 2013a). "The Summer Queen: Behind the scenes 3. On Eleanor of Aquitaine's appearance". Living the History. Dicapai pada 3 Julai 2024.
- — (24 Ogos 2016). "Eleanor of Aquitaine: Going the Distance". The History Girls. Dicapai pada 29 Jun 2024.
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- IMDb (1969), The Lion in Winter Awards, dicapai pada 31 Disember 2023
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- National Museum Cardiff (2023). "Queen Eleanor 1858". Art Collections Online. Dicapai pada 30 Disember 2023.
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- Penguin (3 Februari 2009). "The Serpent's Tale by Ariana Franklin ISBN 9780425225745". Penguin Random House. Dicapai pada 6 Januari 2024.
- Penman, Sharon Kay (2011). "The Eleanor of Aquitaine Tour 2011: In the footsteps of Eleanor of Aquitaine". Dicapai pada 2 Januari 2024.
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- Meier, Sid (14 Februari 2019). Civilization VI: Gathering Storm – First Look: Eleanor of Aquitaine (Trailer). Firaxis Games. Dicapai pada 19 Januari 2019.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber] |
Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Eleanor dari Aquitaine |
Eleanor dari Aquitaine Tarikh keputeraan: 1124 Tarikh kemangkatan: 1 April 1204
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| Bangsawan Perancis | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh William X/VIII |
Duchess Aquitaine 9 April 1137 – 1 April 1204 bersama Louis VII dari perancis (1137–1152) Henry II dari England (1152–1189) Richard I dari England (1189–1199) |
Diikuti oleh: John |
| Countess Poitiers 9 April 1137 – 1 April 1204 bersama Louis VII dari perancis (1137–1152) Henry II dari England (1152–1153) William IX (1153–1156) | ||
| Gelaran Diraja | ||
| Didahului oleh Adelaide Maurienne |
Raja Permaisuri Frank 12 Julai 1137 – Mac 1152 Berkhidmat bersama: Adelaide Maurienne (25 Julai – 1 Ogos 1137) |
Kosong Gelaran dipegang kemudian oleh Constance dari Castile |
| Kosong Gelaran dipegang dahulu oleh Matilda I dari Boulogne |
Raja permaisuri Inggeris 25 Oktober 1154 – 6 Julai 1189 Berkhidmat bersama: Margaret dari Perancis (1172–1183) |
Kosong Gelaran dipegang kemudian oleh Berengaria dari Navarre |
| Umum | |
|---|---|
| Perpustakaan negara | |
| Kamus biografi | |
| Lain-lain | |
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