Lihat sumber bagi Senarai bahasa rasmi mengikut negara dan wilayah

← Senarai bahasa rasmi mengikut negara dan wilayah
Anda tidak mempunyai keizinan untuk menyunting laman ini, atas sebab berikut:
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis.
Sekatan dilakukan oleh ‪EPIC‬. Alasannya ialah Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected.
Tarikh bermula sekatan: 08:48, 2 Julai 2024
Tarikh tamat sekatan: 08:48, 2 Julai 2025
Alamat IP anda terkini ialah 206.189.44.186. The blocked range is 206.189.32.0/20.
Sila sertaian semua butiran di atas dalam sebarang pertanyaan yang anda buat. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy.
Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.
Anda boleh melihat dan menyalin sumber bagi laman ini.
Berikut ialah '''Senarai bahasa rasmi mengikut negara dan wilayah'''. Ia merangkumi semua bahasa yang mempunyai status [[bahasa rasmi]] sama ada seluruh negara atau di sebahagian negara terlibat, atau mempunyai status sebagai [[bahasa kebangsaan]], [[bahasa daerah]], atau [[bahasa minoriti]].

== Takrifan ==
;[[Bahasa rasmi]]: Bahasa yang dijadikan sebagai mempunyai status undang-undang tersendiri dalam negara: kebiasaannya, bahasa yang digunakan dalam badan perundangan negara, dan selalunya, urusan pemerintahan rasmi.
;[[Bahasa daerah]]: Bahasa yang dijadikan sebagai mempunyai status rasmi terhad kepada kawasan, bahagian pentadbiran, atau wilayah tertentu dalam negara. (Dalam laman ini, bahasa daerah mempunyai kurungan di sebelahnya yang mempunyai nama kawasan, daerah, dll di mana bahasa ini berstatus bahasa daerah.)
;[[Bahasa kebangsaan]]: Bahasa yang secara tersendiri mewakili identiti kebangsaan bagi sesebuah negara, negeri, dan/atau bangsa dan dijadikan oleh pemerintah negara; sebahagiannya secara teknikal ialah bahasa minoriti. (Dalam laman ini, bahasa kebangsaan diikuti dengan kurungan yang mengenalpastikan ia sebagai bahasa kebangsaan.) Sesetengah negara mmpunyai lebih daripada satu bahasa berstatus ini.

== Senarai ==
{{Compact ToC|name=no|center=yes|top=yes|seealso=no|notes=no|w=|x=|custom3=Nota|custom4=Rujukan}}
<!-- Sila hanya tambahkan bahasa yang secara RASMI DIIKTIRAF dalam senarai ini. Jika sesebuah negara itu tidak mempunyai bahasa rasmi, tambahkan bahasa majoriti (cth: Inggeris di AS) -->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Negara/Wilayah
! width=300pt|Bahasa rasmi
! width=300pt|Bahasa daerah
! Bahasa minoriti
! Bahasa kebangsaan
! Banyak dituturkan
|-
| {{Flag|Abkhazia}}{{efn|name=DT|Kemerdekaan dipertikai.}}
| 
* [[Bahasa Abkhaz|Abkhaz]]
* [[Bahasa Rusia|Rusia]]
|
| [[Bahasa Georgia|Georgia]]
| [[Bahasa Abkhaz|Abkhaz]] 
|
|-
| {{Flag|Afghanistan}}<ref>[http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#chapterone Constitution of Afghanistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028065437/http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#chapterone |date=28 October 2013 }} (Chapter 1, Article 16)</ref>
|
* [[Dari|Persian (Dari)]]
* [[Pashto]]
|
* [[Bahasa Uzbek|Uzbek]]{{efn|name=AF|The third official language{{Snd}} in addition to Pashto dan Dari{{Snd}} in areas where the majority speaks them}}
* [[Bahasa Turkmen|Turkmen]]{{efn|name=AF}}
* [[Pashayi languages|Pashayi]]{{efn|name=AF}}
* [[Nuristani languages|Nuristani]]{{efn|name=AF}}
* [[Bahasa Balochi|Balochi]]{{efn|name=AF}}
* [[Pamir languages|Pamiri]]{{efn|name=AF}}
|
| 
* [[Dari|Persian (Dari)]]
* [[Pashto]]
|
* [[Dari|Persian (Dari)]]
|-
| {{Flag|Albania}}<ref>[http://www.parlament.al/eng/dokumenti.asp?id=1117&kujam=Constitution Constitution of Albania] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225173704/http://www.parlament.al/eng/dokumenti.asp?id=1117&kujam=Constitution |date=25 February 2008 }} (Article 14)</ref>
|[[Bahasa Albanian|Albanian]]
|
|
* [[Bahasa Yunani|Yunani]]
* [[Bahasa Macedonia|Macedonia]]
* [[Bahasa Aromania|Aromania]]
|
|[[Bahasa Itali|Itali]]
|-
| {{Flag|Algeria}}<ref name="Algeriaconstitution">[[s:Constitution of Algeria|Constitution of Algeria (Article 3)]]</ref>
|
* [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]
* [[Standard Algerian Berber|Berber]]
|
|
|
* [[Bahasa Arab Algeria|Arab]]
* [[Standard Algerian Berber|Berber]]
|[[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]]
|-
| {{Flag|Andorra}}
| [[Bahasa Catalan|Catalan]]<ref>[http://www.andorramania.com/constit_gb.htm Constitution of Andorra] (Article 2)</ref>
|
|
* [[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]]
* [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]]
* [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]]
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Angola}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/angola/|title=Angola|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|work=The World Factbook}}</ref>
| [[Bahasa Portugis Angola|Portugis]]
|
|
|
* [[Bahasa Kimbundu|Kimbundu]]
* [[Bahasa Umbundu|Umbundu]]
* [[Bahasa Kongo|Kikongo]]
* [[Bahasa Chokwe|Chokwe]]
* [[Kwanyama dialect|Kwanyama]]
* [[Bahasa Ganguela|Ganguela]]{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}
|
*[[Bahasa Portugis Angola|Portugis Angola]]
|-
| {{Flag|Antigua dan Barbuda}}
| [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]<ref>[http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Antigua/antigua-barbuda.html Constitution of Antigua dan Barbuda, 1981] (Article 29)</ref>
|
|
|
|
*[[Antiguan dan Barbudan Creole]]
|-
| {{Flag|Argentina}}
| None ([[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]] has ''[[de facto]]'' status)
|
* [[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]] (in [[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]] dan [[Chaco Province|Chaco]])<ref name="AR-5598">{{Cite web |url=http://www.romanistik.uni-mainz.de/guarani/texte/Ley5598.pdf |title=Provincial Law Nº5598 |access-date=3 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229101008/http://www.romanistik.uni-mainz.de/guarani/texte/Ley5598.pdf |archive-date=29 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="AR-6604">{{Cite web |url=http://www2.legislaturachaco.gov.ar:8000/Documentos/Documento/GetAnexo?nombreArchivo=Ley%206604.pdf |title=La Cámara de Diputados de la Provincia del Chaco. Sanciona con fuerza de Ley Nro.6604 |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807034056/http://www2.legislaturachaco.gov.ar:8000/Documentos/Documento/GetAnexo?nombreArchivo=Ley%206604.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Bahasa Guarani|Guaraní]] (in Corrientes)<ref name="AR-5598" />
* [[Bahasa Kom (Amerika Selatan)|Kom]] (in Chaco)<ref name="AR-6604" />
* [[Bahasa Mocoví|Moquoit]] (in Chaco)<ref name="AR-6604" />
* [[Bahasa Wichí|Wichi]] (in Chaco)<ref name="AR-6604" />
|
|
|
*[[Rioplatense Spanish|Argentine Spanish]]
|-
| {{Flag|Armenia}}
| [[Bahasa Armenia|Armenia]]
|
|
| [[Bahasa Armenia|Armenia]] (bahasa negara)<ref>[[s:Constitution of Armenia|Constitution of Armenia]]</ref>
|Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Australia}}
| None ([[Australian English|Inggeris]] has de facto status)
|
* [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]] (on [[Norfolk Island]])
* [[Bahasa Norfuk|Norfuk]] (on Norfolk Island)
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Austria}}<ref>{{cite constitution|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/au00000_.html|polity=Austria|article=8|date=1920}}</ref><ref>[https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10000602&FassungVom=2014-01-01 Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich (Volksgruppengesetz – VoGrG)]</ref>
|
German
|
* [[Burgenland Croatian]] (parts of [[Burgenland]])
* [[Bahasa Hungari|Hungari]] (parts of Burgenland)
* [[Bahasa Slovene|Slovene]] (parts of [[Carinthia]])
|
* Slovene
* [[Bahasa Czech|Czech]]
* Hungari
* [[Bahasa Slovak|Slovak]]
* [[Bahasa Romani|Romani]]
* [[Bahasa Serbia|Serbia]]
| German (bahasa negara)
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Bahasa Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
|
|
| [[Bahasa Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] (bahasa negara)<ref>[http://www.constcourt.gov.az/index.php?nw=2&j=11 Constitution of Azerbaijan], [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/aj00000_.html Constitution of Azerbaijan] (English translation) (Article 21)</ref>
|Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Bahamas}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Bahrain}}
| Arab
|
| Inggeris
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Bangladesh}}
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|
* [[Sylheti language|Sylheti]](parts of [[Sylhet Division]])
* [[Chittagonian language|Chittagonian]](parts of [[Chittagong Division]])
*[[Ragpuri language|Rangpuri]]/[[kamtapuri language]](parts of [[Rangpur Division]])
|
*[[Chakma language|Chakma]]
*[[Marma language|Marma]]
*[[Rakhine language|Rakhine]]
*[[Hajong language|Hajong]]
*[[Santali language|Santali]]
*[[Tripuri language|Tripuri]]
*[[Manipuri Language|Manipuri]]
| Bengali 
| 
|-
| {{Flag|Barbados}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Belarus}}
|
* [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
* Rusia
|
|
|[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Belgium}}
|
*Dutch
*French
*German
|
* [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ([[Flanders]], [[Brussels]])<ref name="BE-Const">Constitution of Belgium, in [http://www.senate.be/doc/const_nl.html#t1 Dutch], [http://www.senate.be/doc/const_fr.html#t1 French] dan [http://www.senate.be/doc/const_de.html#t1 German] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030413081529/http://www.senate.be/doc/const_de.html |date=13 April 2003 }} (Article 4)</ref>
* [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]] (Brussels, [[Wallonia]])<ref name="BE-Const" />
* German ([[German-speaking Community of Belgium|German-speaking community]])<ref name="BE-Const" />
|
|
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|Belize}}
| Inggeris
| 
|[[Garifuna language|Garifuna]]
|
| 
*[[Belizean Kriol language|Kriol]] ([[lingua franca]])
*[[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]] (border with [[Mexico]] dan [[Guatemala]])
|-
| {{Flag|Benin}}
| French
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Bhutan}}
| [[Dzongkha]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Bolivia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-DS-25894.html|title=Bolivia: Decreto Supremo Nº 25894, 11 de septiembre de 2000|date=11 September 2000|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
|
* [[Bolivian Spanish|Castilian]] (Spanish)
* [[Aymara language|Aymara]]
* [[Araona language|Araona]]
* [[Baure language|Baure]]
* [[Bésiro language|Bésiro]] (Chiquitano)
* [[Canichana language|Canichana]]
* [[Cavineña language|Cavineña]]
* [[Cayubaba language|Cayubaba]]
* [[Chácobo language|Chácobo]]
* [[Chimán language|Chimán]]
* [[Ese Ejja language|Ese Ejja]]
* [[Guaraní language|Guaraní]]
* [[Guarasuawe language|Guarasu'we]]
* [[Guarayu language|Guarayu]]
* [[Itonama language|Itonama]]
* [[Leco language|Leco]]
* [[Machajuyai-Kallawaya]]
* [[Machineri language|Machineri]]
* [[Maropa language|Maropa]]
* [[Mojeño-Ignaciano]]
* [[Mojeño-Trinitario]]
* [[Moré language (Bolivia)|Moré]]
* [[Mosetén language|Mosetén]]
* [[Movima language|Movima]]
* [[Pacawara language|Pacawara]]
* [[Puquina language|Puquina]]
* [[Quechua language|Quechua]]
* [[Sirionó language|Sirionó]]
* [[Tacana language|Tacana]]
* [[Tapieté language|Tapieté]]
* [[Toromona language|Toromona]]
* [[Uru-Chipaya]]
* [[Weenhayek language|Weenhayek]]
* [[Yaminawa language|Yaminawa]]
* [[Yuki language (Bolivia)|Yuki]]
* [[Yuracaré language|Yuracaré]]
* [[Zamuco language|Zamuco]]
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Bosnia dan Herzegovina}}
|None ([[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], Croatian dan Serbian all have de facto status)<ref name="Footitt">{{cite book|title=Languages at War: Policies dan Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict|last2=Kelly|first2=Michael|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012|isbn=978-0230368774|location=Basingstoke|pages=111–120|first1=Hilary|last1=Footitt}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Botswana}}
|Inggeris
|
|
| [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
|
* Other [[Bantu languages]]
* Several [[Khoisan languages]]
|-
| {{Flag|Brazil}}
|
[[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]]<ref>According to the Brazilian Constitution, article 13: ''A língua portuguesa é o idioma oficial da República Federativa do Brasil''. "The Bahasa Portugis is the official language of the Federative Republic of Brazil".[http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/ConstituicaoCompilado.htm]</ref>
|
* German (in [[Pomerode]]<ref>[http://www.leismunicipais.com.br/twitter/222/legislacao/lei-2251-2010-pomerode-sc.html Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530095532/http://www.leismunicipais.com.br/twitter/222/legislacao/lei-2251-2010-pomerode-sc.html|date=30 May 2012}}</ref>)
* [[East Pomeranian dialect|East Pomeranian]] (in [[Pancas]],<ref>[http://lpniceia.wordpress.com/2008/12/27/pomerano/ Pomerano!?], Retrieved 21 August 2011</ref><ref>[http://gabeira.locaweb.com.br/causas/causa.asp?id=941&idSubd=40 No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328015129/http://gabeira.locaweb.com.br/causas/causa.asp?id=941&idSubd=40|date=28 March 2012}}, Retrieved 21 August 2011</ref> [[Santa Maria de Jetibá]],<ref>[http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095437/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604|date=2 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-31|title=Pommern in Brasilien - LernCafe – Online-Journal zur allgemeinen Weiterbildung|url=https://lerncafe.de/aus-der-welt-1142/articles/pommern-in-brasilien.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331215004/https://lerncafe.de/aus-der-welt-1142/articles/pommern-in-brasilien.html|archive-date=2019-03-31}}</ref> [[Domingos Martins]],<ref name="linguas">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190329042917/https://lefufrj.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/cooficializac3a7c3a3o-de-lc3adnguas-no-brasil-versc3a3o-ii.pdf Artigo da UFRJ sobre a cooficialização de línguas no Brasil]</ref> [[Itarana]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190323024937/https://www.itarana.es.gov.br/portal/artigo/municipio-de-itarana-participa-de-acoes-do-inventario-da-lingua-pomerana Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana], Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190323025238/https://www.itarana.es.gov.br/portal/uploads/legislation/antigos/d4ad3e0ff7023e6dd1bacde801ff13a4.pdf "Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES"]. ''itarana.es.gov.br''</ref> [[Laranja da Terra]],<ref name="linguas"/> [[Vila Pavão]]<ref name="linguas"/> dan [[Canguçu]]<ref name="linguas"/>)
* [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German|Riograndenser Hunsrückisch]] (in Antônio Carlos, [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]],<ref>[http://www.ipol.org.br/upload/Image/lei1.jpg Cooficialização da língua alemã em Antônio Carlos] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095443/http://www.ipol.org.br/upload/Image/lei1.jpg|date=2 April 2012}}</ref> dan in [[Santa Maria do Herval]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rle.ucpel.tche.br/index.php/rle/article/view/76/48 |title=A sala de aula de alemão para falantes de dialeto: realidades e mitos |access-date=7 April 2019 |archive-date=7 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507163004/http://www.rle.ucpel.tche.br/index.php/rle/article/view/76/48 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://ventosdalusofonia.wordpress.com/2012/06/28/brasil-dialeto-do-baixo-alemao-torna-se-segunda-lingua-oficial-de-cidade-gaucha/ Brasil: dialeto do baixo-alemão torna-se segunda língua oficial de cidade gaúcha]</ref><ref>[http://dzeit.blogspot.ca/2009/03/apresentando-santa-maria-do-herval-rs.html Apresentando... Santa Maria do Herval]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/notice_print.php?id=5643 |title=Dialetos Hunsrik e Talian na ofensiva no Sul - ''Em Santa Maria do Herval, regiăo de Novo Hamburgo, RS, surge forte a mobilizaçăo em favor do Hunsrik - a faceta brasileira/latino-americana do Hunsrückisch. Em Serafina Correa, RS, floresce o talian'' |language=pt |access-date=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402084650/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/notice_print.php?id=5643 |archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref>)
*[[Talian dialect|Talian]] (in [[Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul|Bento Gonçalves]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://difusora890.com.br/aprovado-em-primeira-votacao-projeto-que-torna-o-talian-segunda-lingua-oficial-de-bento/ |title=Aprovada em primeira votação projeto que torna o Talian segunda língua oficial de Bento Gonçalves |access-date=7 April 2019 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417012557/http://difusora890.com.br/aprovado-em-primeira-votacao-projeto-que-torna-o-talian-segunda-lingua-oficial-de-bento/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://difusora890.com.br/co-oficializacao-do-talian-e-aprovada-pela-camara-de-bento/ |title=Co-oficialização do Talian é oficializada pela câmara de Bento Golçalves |access-date=7 April 2019 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417012831/http://difusora890.com.br/co-oficializacao-do-talian-e-aprovada-pela-camara-de-bento/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jornalcidadesdaserra.com.br/camara-bento-projeto-do-executivo-e-aprovado-e-talian-se-torna-a-lingua-co-oficial |title=Câmara Bento – Projeto do Executivo é aprovado e Talian se torna a língua co-oficial |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609022209/http://www.jornalcidadesdaserra.com.br/camara-bento-projeto-do-executivo-e-aprovado-e-talian-se-torna-a-lingua-co-oficial |archive-date=9 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Caxias do Sul]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190330025133/https://www.radiocaxias.com.br/portal/noticias/lei-confirma-o-talian-como-segunda-lingua-oficial-de-caxias-do-sul-81255 Lei confirma o Talian como segunda língua oficial de Caxias do Sul]</ref> [[Flores da Cunha]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.leouve.com.br/politica/serra-gaucha/item/55203-talian-pode-ser-lingua-cooficial-de-flores-da-cunha |title=Talian pode ser língua cooficial de Flores da Cunha |access-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615153512/http://www.leouve.com.br/politica/serra-gaucha/item/55203-talian-pode-ser-lingua-cooficial-de-flores-da-cunha |archive-date=15 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160615153850/http://leouve.com.br/politica/serra-gaucha/item/55312-talian-%C3%A9-l%C3%ADngua-cooficial-de-flores-da-cunha Talian é língua cooficial de Flores da Cunha]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://defender.org.br/tag/dialeto/?print=pdf-page |title=Flores da Cunha (RS) - Projeto pretende instituir o "Talian" como língua co oficial no Município |access-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808094711/http://defender.org.br/tag/dialeto/?print=pdf-page |archive-date=8 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Nova Roma do Sul]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170921120542/https://leismunicipais.com.br/a2/rs/n/nova-roma-do-sul/lei-ordinaria/2015/131/1310/lei-ordinaria-n-1310-2015-dispoe-sobre-a-cooficializacao-da-lingua-do-talian-a-lingua-portuguesa-no-municipio-de-nova-roma-do-sul Lei Nº 1310 de 16 de outubro de 2015] - Dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua do "talian", à língua portuguesa, no município de Nova Roma do Sul"</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170106102600/http://www.novaromadosul.rs.gov.br/noticias_int.php?id=1418 O Talian agora é a língua co-oficial de Nova Roma do Sul], município de Nova Roma do Sul</ref> dan [[Serafina Corrêa|Serafina Corréa]]<ref>[http://www.serafinacorrea.rs.gov.br/site/noticia/noticia_detalhe.php?gCdNoticia=406 Vereadores aprovam o talian como língua co-oficial do município] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330031236/http://www.serafinacorrea.rs.gov.br/site/noticia/noticia_detalhe.php?gCdNoticia=406 |date=30 March 2019 }}, Retrieved 21 August 2011</ref>)
* [[Nheengatu]], [[Baniwa of Içana|Baniwa]], [[Tucano language|Tucano]] (in [[São Gabriel da Cachoeira|São Gabriel de Cachoeira]], [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]])<ref>[http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=83 Lei municipal oficializa línguas indígenas em São Gabriel da Cachoeira] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918053759/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=83 |date=18 September 2011 }}, Retrieved 24 August 2011</ref><ref>[http://treinamento.folhasp.com.br/linguasdobrasil/saogabriel.html Na Babel brasileira, português é 2ª língua – FLÁVIA MARTIN e VITOR MORENO, enviados especiais a São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM)] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120604042024/http://treinamento.folhasp.com.br/linguasdobrasil/saogabriel.html |date=4 June 2012 }}, Retrieved 24 August 2011</ref>
* [[Guarani language|Guaraní]] (in [[Tacuru]], [[Mato Grosso do Sul]])<ref>[http://www.sinepe-pe.org.br/noticias/municipio-do-ms-adota-o-guarani-como-lingua-oficial/ Município do MS adota o guarani como língua oficial] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095438/http://www.sinepe-pe.org.br/noticias/municipio-do-ms-adota-o-guarani-como-lingua-oficial/ |date=2 April 2012 }}, Retrieved 24 August 2011</ref>
|
| Portugis
|
|-
| {{Flag|Brunei}}
|[[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Bulgaria}}
| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
| French
|
|
|
* [[Fula language|Fula]]
* [[Jula language|Jula]]
* [[More language|More]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Burundi}}<ref>{{cite constitution|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Burundi_2005.pdf|polity=Burundi|article=5|date=2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2OA9DQAAQBAJ&q=langues%20officielles%20au%20burundi%20kirundi%20fran%C3%A7ais%20anglais&pg=PA104|title=Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26-27 mars 2015|date=October 2016|publisher=Archives contemporaines |isbn=9782813001955}}</ref>
|
* French
* [[Kirundi]]
* English
|
|
| Kirundi
| [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
|-
| {{Flag|Cambodia}}
| [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Cameroon}}
|
* English
* French
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Canada}}
|
* [[Canadian English|Inggeris]] (Federal)
* [[Canadian French|French]] (Federal)
|
* [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]] ([[Northwest Territories]])
* [[Cree language|Cree]] (Northwest Territories)
* [[Gwich’in language|Gwich'in]] (Northwest Territories)
* [[Inuinnaqtun]] (Northwest Territories dan [[Nunavut]])
* [[Inuktitut]] (Northwest Territories dan Nunavut)
* [[Inuvialuktun]] (Northwest Territories)
* [[Mi'kmaq language|Mi'kmaq]] ([[Nova Scotia]])
* [[Slavey language|North Slavey]] (Northwest Territories)
* [[Slavey language|South Slavey]] (Northwest Territories)
* [[Dogrib language|Tłı̨chǫ]] (Northwest Territories)
|
* Chipewyan
* Cree
* Gwich'in
* Inuinnaqtun
* Inuktitut
* Inuvialuktun
* Mi'kmaq
* North Slavey
* South Slavey
* Tłı̨chǫ
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Cape Verde}}
| [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]] 
|
|
| [[Cape Verdean Creole]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Central African Republic}}
| 
* French
* [[Sango language|Sango]]
|
| 
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Chad}}
|
* Arab
* French
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Chile}}
| Spanish
| 
Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories<ref>
[http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=30620 Indigenal Act, art. 28]</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|China}}
| [[Standard Chinese]]
|
* [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]] ([[Hong Kong]])
* [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]] ([[Macau]])
|
* [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
* [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]
* [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]]
* [[Zhuang language|Zhuang]]
* [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
* [[Korean language|Korean]]
|
|Other [[Sinitic languages]]
|-
| {{Flag|Pulau Krismas}}
| 
* [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
* [[Bahasa Mandarin|Mandarin]]
* [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Pulau Cocos (Keeling)}}
| 
* [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
* [[Bahasa Melayu Cocos|Melayu Cocos]]
|
|
|
| [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]
|-
| {{Flag|Colombia}}
| Spanish
| Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories<ref>[http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Colombia/col91.html Constitution of Colombia, 1991] (Article 10)</ref>
|
|
| 
|-
| {{Flag|Comoros}}
|
* Arab
* [[Comorian language|Comorian]]
* French
|
|
|
|
|-
|{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| French
| 
|
* [[Lingala]]
* [[Kikongo]]
|
* [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
* [[Tshiluba]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Republic of the Congo}}
| French
|
|
* Lingala
* [[Munukutuba]]
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Cook Islands}}
|
* [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
* [[Cook Islands Māori]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Costa Rica}}
| Spanish
| 
| 
* [[Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica|Indigenous languages]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2011)|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Costa_Rica_2011?lang=en#231|website=Constitute|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
* [[Limonese Creole]]<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/t60EXruB1v4 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} dan the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201222190127/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t60EXruB1v4&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite news |last1=Asamblea Legislativa Costa Rica |title=APRUEBAN EL RECONOCIMIENTO DE LA LENGUA CRIOLLA LIMONENSE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t60EXruB1v4 |access-date=21 December 2020 |agency=Youtube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Croatia}}
| [[Croatian language|Croatian]]
|
* Serbian
* Hungarian
* Czech
* Slovak
* [[Pannonian Rusyn language|Pannonian Rusyn]]
|
|
* Itali (Istria County)
* Romani (non-territorial)
* Slovene (non-territorial)
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|Cuba}}
| Spanish
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Cyprus}}
|
* Yunani<ref name="cy-official">{{cite book|url=http://www.presidency.gov.cy/presidency/presidency.nsf/all/1003AEDD83EED9C7C225756F0023C6AD/$file/CY_Constitution.pdf|title=The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus|year=1960|at=art. 3, § 1|access-date=11 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001544/http://www.presidency.gov.cy/presidency/presidency.nsf/all/1003AEDD83EED9C7C225756F0023C6AD/$file/CY_Constitution.pdf|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Turkish language|Turkish]]<ref name="cy-official" />
|
|
|
* [[Bahasa Armenia|Armenia]]<ref name="cy-minority">{{citation|title=Implementation of the Charter in Cyprus|url=http://languagecharter.coe.int/sites/StatesParties/Cyprus.htm|work=Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages|publisher=Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research|access-date=11 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Cypriot Arab]]<ref name="cy-minority" />
| Inggeris
|-
| {{Flag|Czech Republic}}
|
* Czech{{efn|name=CZ1|Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws{{Snd}} e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) "Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz}}
* Slovak{{efn|name=CZ1}}
|
|
*Belarusian{{efn|name=CZ2|Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally dan on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities dan in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see [http://www.vlada.cz/en/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/historie-a-soucasnost-rady-en-16666/ National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic]). The article 25 of the Czech [[Charter of Fundamental Rights dan Basic Freedoms]] ensures right of the national dan ethnic minorities for education dan communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (''The Administrative Rule'') in its paragraph 16 (4) (''Procedural Language'') ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally dan on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency dan proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (''About The Rights of Members of Minorities'') paragraph 9 (''The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities dan in front of the courts of law'') the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.}} 
* Bulgarian{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* Croatian{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* German{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* Yunani{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* Hungarian{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* [[Polish language|Polish]]{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* Romani{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* Rusia{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* Serbian{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]{{efn|name=CZ2}}
* [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]{{efn|name=CZ2}}
|Czech
|
|-
| {{Flag|Denmark}}
| [[Danish language|Danish]]
|
* [[Faroese language|Faroese]] (in the [[Faroe Islands]])
* [[Greenlandic language|Kalaallisut]] (in [[Greenland]])
| German (in [[Southern Jutland]])
|
|Inggeris
|-
| {{Flag|Djibouti}}
|
* Arab
* French
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Dominica}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
| Spanish
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|East Timor}}
|
* [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]]<ref name="constitution1">[http://www.constitution.org/cons/east_timor/constitution-eng.htm Constitution of Timor-Leste, section 13]</ref>
* [[Tetum language|Tetum]]<ref name="constitution1" />
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Ecuador}}<ref name="ecu">[http://www.presidencia.gov.ec/modulos.asp?id=110 Constitution of Ecuador 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217010705/http://www.presidencia.gov.ec/modulos.asp?id=110 |date=17 December 2008 }}, (Article 2)</ref>
|
* Spanish
| Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories
|
* Spanish{{efn|name=EC|Official language for intercultural relations}}
* [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]{{efn|name=EC|Official language for intercultural relations}}
* [[Shuar language|Shuar]]{{efn|name=EC|Official language for intercultural relations}}
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Egypt}}
| Arab
|
| [[Coptic language|Coptic]]
| [[Egyptian Arab]]
| [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
|-
| {{Flag|El Salvador}}
| Spanish
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|
* French
* Portugis
* Spanish
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Eritrea}}
| [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]]
|
|
|
|
* Arab
* Itali
|-
| {{Flag|Estonia}}
| [[Estonian language|Estonian]]
|
|
|
|Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Eswatini|name=Eswatini (Swaziland)}}
|
* English
* [[Swazi language|Swazi]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Ethiopia}}
|
* [[Afar language|Afar]]
* [[Amharic language|Amharic]]
* [[Oromo language|Oromo]]
* [[Somali language|Somali]]
* [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]] 
|
|
|
* [[Afar language|Afar]]
* [[Amharic]]
* [[Benishangul language|Benshangul]]
* [[Gumuz languages|Gumuz]]
* [[Harari language|Harari]]
* [[Kunama language|Kunama]]
* [[Oromo language|Oromo]]
* [[Sidamo language|Sidamo]]
* [[Somali language|Somali]]
* [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Fiji}}
|
* English
* [[Fijian language|Fijian]]
* [[Fiji Hindi]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Finland}}
|
* [[Finnish language|Finnish]]
* [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|
| [[Sami people|Sami]] (in [[Enontekiö]], [[Inari, Finland|Inari]], [[Sodankylä]], [[Utsjoki]])
|
* Finnish
* Swedish
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|France}}
| French<ref>[http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/constitution/constitution2.htm#titre1 Constitution of France] (Article 2)</ref>
|
|
* [[Corsican language]]
* [[Basque language]]
* [[Breton language]]
|
|[[Occitan language]]
|-
| {{Flag|Gabon}}
| French 
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Gambia}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Georgia}}
| Georgian
|
|
|
|Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Germany}}
| [[German language|German]]<ref>Though not explicitly specified in the constitution, this is regulated in [http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/vwvfg/__23.html §23 ''Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz''] (Administrative Procedures Act)</ref>
|
* [[Danish language|Danish]] (in [[Schleswig-Holstein]])
* [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]] (in [[Brandenburg]])
* [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]] (in Schleswig-Holstein)
* [[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]] (in [[Lower Saxony]])
* [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]] (in [[Saxony]])
* [[German Sign Language]]
* [[Low German]]
| 
* Danish 
* Lower Sorbian
* North Frisian
* Romani<ref>[http://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Broschueren/2008/Regional_und_Minderheitensprachen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile Publication by Ministry of the Interior (in German)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403102145/http://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Broschueren/2008/Regional_und_Minderheitensprachen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile|date=3 April 2012}}</ref>
* Upper Sorbian
|
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|Ghana}}
| Inggeris
|
*[[Fante dialect|Fante]]
*[[Asante Twi]]
*[[Akuapem Twi]]
*[[Adangme]] (in [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]])
* [[Dagaare language|Dagaare]] (in the [[Upper West Region]])
* [[Dagbani language|Dagbani]] (in the [[Northern Region (Ghana)|Northern Region]])
* [[Ewe language|Ewe]] (in the [[Volta Region]])
* [[Ga language|Ga]] (in the Greater Accra)
* [[Gonja language|Gonja]] (in the Northern Region)
* [[Kasena language|Kasem]] (in the [[Upper East Region]])
* [[Nzema language|Nzema]] (in the [[Western Region (Ghana)|Western Region]])
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Greece}}
| Yunani
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Grenada}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Guatemala}}
| [[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]]
|
|
|
*[[Garifuna language|Garifuna]]
*[[Mayan languages|Maya]]
*[[Xinca language|Xinca]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Guinea}}
| French
|
|
|
|
* [[Fula language|Fula]]
* [[Maninka language|Maninka]]
* [[Susu language|Susu]]
|-
| {{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
| [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Guyana}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
| [[Guyanese Creole]]
|-
| {{Anchor|H}}{{Flag|Haiti}}
|
* French
* [[Haitian Creole]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Honduras}}
| [[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Hungary}}
| Hungarian<ref>Constitution of Hungary, Article H - http://www.kormany.hu/download/4/c3/30000/THE%20FUNDAMENTAL%20LAW%20OF%20HUNGARY.pdf</ref>
|
|
* Croatian<ref name="hunlanguages">Recognized by Hungary as minority language by the Ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages by the Hungarian Parliament - Resolution 35/1995, 7 April 1995 - http://www.complex.hu/kzldat/o95h0035.htm/o95h0035_0.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014756/http://www.complex.hu/kzldat/o95h0035.htm/o95h0035_0.htm |date=17 November 2015 }}</ref>
* German<ref name="hunlanguages" />
* Romanian<ref name="hunlanguages" />
* Serbian<ref name="hunlanguages" />
* Slovak<ref name="hunlanguages" />
* Slovene<ref name="hunlanguages" />
|
|
|-
| {{Anchor|I}}{{Flag|Iceland}}
|
* [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Icelandic Sign Language]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deaf History - Europe - 2011: Iceland, Legal Recognition of Icelandic Sign Language |url=https://deafhistory.eu/index.php/component/zoo/item/2011-iceland-legal-recognition-of-icelandic-sign-language |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=deafhistory.eu}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|India}}
|
*[[Bahasa Hindi|Hindi]]
*[[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
| 
* [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India|22 official languages]] - [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, [[Hindi]], Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]), Marathi, Nepali, [[Odia language|Odia]] ([[Oriya language|Oriya]]), Punjabi, [[Sanskrit]], Santali, Sindhi, [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], dan [[Urdu]].
|
* see [[Languages of India]]
| 
|
* see [[List of languages by number of native speakers in India]]
|-
| {{Flag|Indonesia}}
|[[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]
| 
* [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]
* [[Bahasa Jawa|Jawa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/162614/perda-no-2-tahun-2021|title=Regional Regulation of Yogyakarta Special Region Number 2 Year about Preservation dan Development of Javanese Language, Literature, dan Script}}</ref>
|
| 
* [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]
* [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]
|
* [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]
* [[Bahasa Jawa|Jawa]]
* [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]
* [[Bahasa Sunda|Sunda]]
* [[Bahasa Madura|Madura]]
* [[Bahasa Minangkabau|Minangkabau]]
* [[Bahasa di Indonesia|lebih 700 bahasa di Indonesia]]
|-
| {{Flag|Iran}}
| [[Bahasa Parsi|Parsi]]
|
|
* [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
* [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]
* [[Luri language|Luri]]
* [[Gilaki language|Gilaki]]
* [[Mazanderani language|Mazanderani]]
* [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
* [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]
* [[Qashqai language|Qashqai]]
* [[Tati language (Iran)|Tati]]
* [[Turkmen language|Turkmeni]]
|[[Bahasa Parsi|Parsi]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Iraq}}
|
* Arab
* [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]<ref>Constitution of Iraq, Article 4(1st)</ref>
|
* [[Bahasa Armenia|Armenia]] recognized
* [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]] (in Assyrian areas)
* [[Iraqi Turkmen language|Iraqi Turkmen]] (in Turkmen areas)
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Ireland}}<ref>[http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/html%20files/Constitution%20of%20Ireland%20(Eng).htm Constitution of Ireland] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090717092821/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/html%20files/Constitution%20of%20Ireland%20%28Eng%29.htm|date=17 July 2009}} (Article 8)</ref>
|
* [[Irish language|Irish]]
* [[Hiberno-English|Inggeris]]
|
|
| Irish
|
|-
| {{Flag|Israel}}
| [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
| Arab
| Inggeris 
|
|
* Rusia
* English
|-
| {{Flag|Italy}}
| Itali
|
* French (in [[Aosta Valley]])
* [[Franco-Provençal]] (in Aosta Valley)
* [[Occitan language|Occitan]] (in [[Piedmont]]'s [[Occitan Valleys]])
* German (in [[South Tyrol]])
* [[Ladin language|Ladin]] (in South Tyrol)
* [[Friulian_language|Friulian]] (in [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]])
* Slovene (in [[Province of Trieste]], [[Province of Gorizia]])
* Albanian/Arbereshe (in [[Sicily]] dan [[Calabria]])
*[[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] (in [[Sardinia]])
* [[Corsican language|Corsican]] (in northern [[Sardinia]])
*Two dialects of Yunani, [[Griko]] (in [[Grecìa Salentina]]) dan [[Calabrian Yunani]] (in [[Calabria]])

|
* Ladin
* Slovene
|
|Other [[Italo-Dalmatian languages]]
|-
| {{Flag|Ivory Coast}}
| French
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Jamaica}}
| Inggeris
|
|
| [[Jamaican Patois]]
| 
|-
| {{Flag|Japan}}
| None ([[Japanese language|Japanese]] has de facto status)
|
|
| Japanese
|
|-
| {{Flag|Jordan}}
| Arab
|
|
* Circassian
* Chechen
* Armenian
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Kazakhstan}}
|
* [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
* Rusia
|
|
| Kazakh
|
|-
| {{Flag|Kenya}}
|
* English
* [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
|
|
| Swahili
|
|-
| {{Flag|Kiribati}}
| 
* English
* [[Gilbertese language|Gilbertese]]
|
|
| 
|
|-
| {{Flag|North Korea}}
| [[Korean language|Korean]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|South Korea}}
|
* Korean
* [[Korean Sign Language]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Kosovo}}{{efn|name=DT}}
|
* Albanian
* Serbian
| Turkish
|
|
* Albanian (nationwide)
* Serbian (Northern Kosovo)
|
|-
| {{Flag|Kuwait}}
| [[Modern Standard Arab|Standard Arab]]
|
|
|
* [[Kuwaiti Sign Language]]
* [[Kuwaiti Arab]]
* [[Kuwaiti Persian]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
| 
* [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]
* Rusia
|
|
| Kyrgyz
|
|-
| {{Flag|Laos}}
| [[Lao language|Lao]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Latvia}}
| [[Latvian language|Latvian]]<ref>{{cite journal|year=2005|title=Surveying Language Attitudes dan Practices in Latvia|journal=Journal of Multilingual dan Multicultural Development|volume=26|issue=5|pages=409–424|doi=10.1080/01434630508668413|last1=Priedīte|first1=Aija|s2cid=145660793|quote=In 1992, following further amendments to this directive, Latvian was established as the only official language. It took Journal of Multilingual dan Multicultural Development seven more years before the State language law was adopted in 1999, with further amendments in the years 2000, 2001 dan 2002.}}</ref><ref>[http://www.juridicainternational.eu/index.php?id=15331 Jarinovska, Kristine. "Popular Initiatives as Means of Altering the Core of the Republic of Latvia", Juridica International. Vol. 20, 2013. p. 152] {{ISSN|1406-5509}}</ref>
|
|
|
|Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Lebanon}}
| Arab
|Arab
|Armenian
| 
* Arab
* English
* French
|
* Arab
* English
* French
|-
| {{Flag|Lesotho}}
| 
* [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
* English
|
|
| Sotho
|
|-
| {{Flag|Liberia}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Libya}}
| Arab
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Liechtenstein}}
| German
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Lithuania}}
| [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] 
|
|
|
|
* Polish
* Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Luxembourg}}
|
* French
* German
* [[Luxembourgish]]
|
|
| Luxembourgish
|
* English
* Portugis
|-
| {{Flag|Madagascar}}
|
* French
* [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]]
|
|
| Malagasy
|
|-
| {{Flag|Malawi}}
|
* English
* Chichewa
|
|
| [[Chichewa]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Malaysia}}
|[[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]{{efn|name=MY|Article 152 of the [[s:Constitution of Malaysia|Constitution of Malaysia]] designated Malay as the national language. Section 2 of that article allowed English to be used officially until otherwise provided by Parliament. In 1967, the [[Parliament of Malaysia]] passed the [http://www.agc.gov.my/agc/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2032.pdf National Language Act], making Malay the official language of Malaysia. The act does, however, allow the use of English for some official purposes. On 11 July 1990, following the amendment of the National Language Act 1963/67 (Act 32) (Revised in 1971), Malay replaced English as the official language of the courts in West Malaysia. The amending Act provided English to be used in the Courts in West Malaysia where it deems necessary in the interest of Justice. East Malaysia continued using English as the official language in their courts.<ref>[http://www.skzcchambers.com/BODY/MAIN.htm Malaysia's Legal System], [http://www.skzcchambers.com Eurasia International Legal Network], Malaysia.</ref> Since 2007, the official policy is to refer to the national language as the Malaysian language (''Bahasa Malaysia''), although legislation still refers to the Malay language (''Bahasa Melayu'').}}
|Dialek daerah/negeri
|
|Melayu
|
* [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]
* [[Bahasa Mandarin|Mandarin]]
* [[Bahasa Kantonis|Kantonis]]
* [[Bahasa Tamil|Tamil]]
* Inggeris
|-
| {{Flag|Maldives}}
| [[Maldivian language|Dhivehi]]
|
|
| [[Maldivian language|Dhivehi]]
| [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
|-
| {{Flag|Mali}}
|
* [[Bambara language|Bambara]]
* [[Bobo language|Bobo]]
* [[Bozo language|Bozo]]
* [[Dogon languages|Dogon]]
* [[Fula language|Fula]]
* [[Hassaniya Arab|Hassaniya]]
* [[Kassonke language|Kassonke]]
* [[Maninka language|Maninke]]
* [[Minyanka language|Minyanka]]
* [[Senufo languages|Senufo]]
* [[Songhay languages]]
* [[Soninke language|Soninke]]
* [[Tamasheq language|Tamasheq]]
| 
| French
|
| 
|-
| {{Flag|Malta}}
| 
* [[Maltese language|Maltese]]
* English
|
|
| Maltese
|
|-
| {{Flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}{{efn|name=DT}}
| Itali
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Marshall Islands}}
| 
* English
* [[Marshallese language|Marshallese]]
|
|
| 
|
|-
| {{Flag|Mauritania}}
| Arab
|
|
|
* Arab
* [[Fula language|Fula]]
* [[Soninke language|Soninke]]
* [[Wolof language|Wolof]]
| French
|-
| {{Flag|Mauritius}}
| Inggeris
[[Mauritian Creole]] (Also dikenali sebagai 'Morisien')
|
|Inggeris
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Mexico}}
| None (Spanish has de facto status)
|
|
| [[Languages of Mexico|68 National languages]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
| Inggeris
|
* [[Chuukese language|Chuukese]] (in [[Chuuk State]])
* [[Kosraean language|Kosraean]] (in [[Kosrae State]])
* [[Pohnpeian language|Pohnpeian]] (in [[Pohnpei State]])
* [[Yapese language|Yapese]] (in [[Yap State]])
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Moldova}}
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|
* [[Gagauz language|Gagauz]]
* Rusia
* Ukrainian
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Monaco}}<ref>[http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/036c62fe5f92f2efc1256f5b0054fa42fr?OpenDocument&3Fr Constitution of Monaco] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115152902/http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/036C62FE5F92F2EFC1256F5B0054FA42FR?OpenDocument&3FR |date=15 November 2009 }} (Article 8)</ref>
| French
|
|
|
| [[Monégasque dialect|Monégasque]]
|-
| {{Flag|Mongolia}}
| [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Montenegro}}
|[[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]
| 
|
| 
| 
|-
| {{Flag|Morocco}}
|
* [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]
* [[Standard Moroccan Amazigh|Berber]]
|
|
|
*Arab
*Berber
|
|-
| {{Flag|Mozambique}}
| Portugis
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Myanmar}} (Burma)
| [[Burmese language|Burmese]]
|
* [[Chin language|Chin]]
* [[Kachin language|Kachin]]
* [[S'gaw Karen language|Karen]]
* [[Karenni language|Karenni]]
* [[Mon language|Mon]]
* [[Rakhine language|Rakhine]]
* [[Shan language|Shan]] 
|
|
|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
|-
| {{Flag|Namibia}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://www.orusovo.com/namcon/|title=The Constitution of The Republic of Namibia|publisher=orusovo.com|chapter=Article 3&nbsp;– Language|chapter-url=http://www.orusovo.com/namcon/chap1.htm#art3|access-date=23 April 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328053229/http://www.orusovo.com/namcon/|archive-date=28 March 2010}}</ref>
| Inggeris
|
* German
* [[Ovambo language|Oshiwambo]]
|
| [[Afrikaans]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Nauru}}
|
* English
* [[Nauruan language|Nauruan]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Nepal}}
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]]<ref>[https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/np/np029en.pdf The Constitution of Nepal], article 7 (1)</ref>
| 
|
| all languages spoken as the mother tongue in Nepal<ref>[https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/np/np029en.pdf The Constitution of Nepal], article 6</ref>
|
|-
| {{Flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|
* [[Frisian languages|Frisian]] (in the province [[Friesland]])
* English (in [[Curaçao]], [[Sint Maarten]], [[Sint Eustatius]], [[Saba (island)|Saba]])
* [[Papiamento]] (in [[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]], [[Bonaire]])
|
* [[Dutch Low Saxon]]
* [[Dutch Sign Language]]
* [[Limburgish]]
* [[Sinte Romani]]
* [[Yiddish]]
|
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|New Zealand}}
|
* [[New Zealand English|Inggeris]] has de facto status
* [[Maori language]]
* [[New Zealand Sign Language]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Nicaragua}}
| Spanish
|
*[[Miskito Coast Creole|Creole]] (in [[Departments of Nicaragua#Autonomous Regions|Autonomous Regions]])
*[[Garifuna language|Garifuna]] (in [[Departments of Nicaragua#Autonomous Regions|Autonomous Regions]])
*[[Sumo languages|Mayangna]] (in [[Departments of Nicaragua#Autonomous Regions|Autonomous Regions]])
*[[Miskito language|Miskito]] (in [[Departments of Nicaragua#Autonomous Regions|Autonomous Regions]])
*[[Rama language|Rama]] (in [[Departments of Nicaragua#Autonomous Regions|Autonomous Regions]])
*[[Sumo languages|Sumo]] (in [[Departments of Nicaragua#Autonomous Regions|Autonomous Regions]])
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Niger}}
| French
|
|
|
* Arab
* [[Hausa language|Hausa]]
* [[Fulfulde]]
* [[Gulmancema language|Gulmancema]]
* [[Kanuri language|Kanuri]]
* [[Zarma language|Zarma]]
* Tamazight
|
|-
| {{Flag|Nigeria}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
* [[Hausa language|Hausa]]
* [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]
* [[Igbo language|Igbo]]
|
* English
* Hausa
|-
| {{Flag|Niue}}
|
* English
* [[Niuean language|Niuean]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Norfolk Island}}
|
* [[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
* [[Norfuk language|Norfuk]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.info.gov.nf/legislation/NumberedActs/2004/NorfolkIslandLanguage(Norf%27k)Act2004.doc |title=Archived copy |website=www.info.gov.nf |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725040011/http://www.info.gov.nf/legislation/NumberedActs/2004/NorfolkIslandLanguage(Norf%27k)Act2004.doc |archive-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|North Macedonia}}
|
* [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
* [[Albanian language|Albanian]]<ref>Article&nbsp;1&nbsp;(2) of the [https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/europe/macedoine-loi-lng-2019.htm закон за употреба на јазиците] (law on the use of languages), in force since 15 January 2019.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Northern Cyprus}}{{efn|name=DT}}
| Turkish
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Norway}}
|
*[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
*[[Sami languages]]<ref name="sami">[https://ndla.no/nb/subjects/subject:19/topic:1:186558/topic:1:195019/resource:1:124356 "Norsk - Språkmøter"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809054834/https://ndla.no/nb/subjects/subject:19/topic:1:186558/topic:1:195019/resource:1:124356 |date=9 August 2020 }}. ''NDLA''. Retrieved 28 April 2020.</ref>
|
*[[Northern Sami language|Northern Sami]]
*[[Lule Sami]]
*[[Southern Sámi]]
*[[Kven language|Kven]]
|
*Kven
*[[Scandoromani language|Scandoromani]]
|
* [[Bokmål]] (written)
* [[Nynorsk]] (written)
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|Oman}}
| Arab
|
|[[Shehri language|Shehri]]
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Pakistan}}
|
* [[Urdu]]
* English

|
|
| Urdu
|
* [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
* [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
* [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
* Pashto
* Saraiki
|-
| {{Flag|Palau}}
|
* English
* [[Palauan language|Palauan]]
|
* [[Sonsorolese language|Sonsorolese]] (in [[Sonsorol]])
* [[Tobian language|Tobian]] (in [[Hatohobei]])
* Japanese (in [[Angaur]])
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Palestine}}
| Arab
|
|
|
|
* English
* Hebrew
|-
| {{Flag|Panama}}
| Spanish
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|
* English
* [[Hiri Motu]]
* [[PNG Sign Language]]
* [[Tok Pisin]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Paraguay}}
|
* Spanish
* Guaraní
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Peru}}
| Spanish
| [[Quechuan languages|Quechua]], [[Aymaran languages|Aymara]] dan another native languages are official wherever they predominate
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines}}
|
* [[Filipino language|Filipino]]
* [[Philippine English|Inggeris]]
|
* [[Aklanon language|Aklanon]] (in the [[Visayas]])
* [[Bikol languages|Bikol]] (in [[Luzon]])
* [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] (in the Visayas dan [[Mindanao]])
* [[Chavacano]] (in Mindanao)
* [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] (in the Visayas) 
* [[Ibanag language|Ibanag]] (in Luzon)
* [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]] (in Luzon, official in [[La Union]]<ref name="launionofficiallanguage">{{cite news | url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2012/09/19/850488/iloko-la-unions-official-language | title=Iloko La Union's official language | newspaper=[[Philippine Star]] | date=19 September 2012 | access-date=24 September 2012 | author=Elias, Jun}}</ref>)
* [[Ivatan language|Ivatan]] (in Luzon)
* [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]] (in Luzon)
* [[Kinaray-a]] (in the Visayas)
* [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanao]] (in Mindanao)
* [[Maranao language|Maranao]] (in Mindanao)
* [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]] (in Luzon)
* [[Sambal language|Sambal]] (in Luzon)
* [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (in Luzon)
* [[Tausug language|Tausug]] (in Mindanao)
* [[Waray language|Waray]] (in the Visayas)
* [[Yakan language|Yakan]] (in Mindanao)
|[[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]{{efn|name=PH-optional|As per the [[1987 Constitution of the Philippines|1987 Constitution]] which states "Spanish dan Arab shall be promoted on a voluntary dan optional basis".<ref>{{cite web |title=DO 46, s. 1987 – Amendment to DECS Order No. 33, s. 1987 (Spanish as Optional Subject) {{!}} Department of Education |url=https://www.deped.gov.ph/1987/05/08/do-46-s-1987-amendment-to-decs-order-no-33-s-1987-spanish-as-optional-subject/ |website=Department of Education |access-date=25 August 2021}}</ref>}} (bahasa pilihan)<br />[[Spanish in the Philippines|Spanish]]{{efn|name=PH-optional}} (bahasa pilihan)<br />([[Languages of the Philippines|+ over 100 more minority languages]])
|
*[[Filipino language|Filipino]]
*[[Filipino Sign Language]] (bahasa isyarat negara)
|
|-
| {{Flag|Poland}}
| Polish
| [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]] ([[Pomeranian Voivodeship]])
|
* German ([[Opole Voivodeship]])
* Lithuanian ([[Gmina Puńsk|Puńsk commune]])
* Belarusian ([[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie Voivodseship]])
* Czech
* Hebrew
* [[Yiddish]]
* [[Lemko language|Lemko]]
* [[Karaim language|Karaim]]
* Armenian
* Romani
* Rusia
* Slovak
* [[Tatar language|Tatar]]
* Ukrainian
|
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|Portugal}}
| Portugis
| [[Mirandese language|Mirandese]] ([[Terra de Miranda]])
|
|
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|Qatar}}
| Arab
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Romania}}
| Romanian
|
|
* Armenian
* German
* Hungarian
* Romani
* Rusia
* Serbian
* Slovak
* Tatar
* Turkish
* Ukrainian
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Russia}}
| Rusia
| ([[Languages of Russia|33 languages]])
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Rwanda}}
|
* English
* French
* [[Kinyarwanda]]
* [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}{{efn|name=DT}}
|
* Arab
* Spanish
|
|
|Arab
|
|-
| {{Flag|Saint Kitts dan Nevis}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Saint Lucia}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Saint Vincent dan the Grenadines}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Samoa}}
| 
* English
* [[Samoan language|Samoan]]
|
|
| 
|
|-
| {{Flag|San Marino}}
| Itali
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|São Tomé dan Príncipe}}
| Portugis
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| Arab
|
|
* [[Faifi language|Faifi]]
* [[Razihi language|Razihi]]
* [[Mehri language|Mehri]]
|
|
* Indian Languages
* Filipino
* Bengali
|-
| {{Flag|Senegal}}
| French
|
|
|
* [[Jola-Fonyi language|Jola-Fogny]]
* [[Mandinka language|Mandinka]]
* [[Pulaar language|Pulaar]]
* [[Serer language|Serer]]
* Soninke
* [[Wolof language|Wolof]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Serbia}}
| Serbian
|
| ([[Languages of Serbia|15 languages]])
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Seychelles}}
|
* English
* French
* [[Seychellois Creole]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
| Inggeris
|
|
| [[Krio language|Krio]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Singapura}}
|
* [[Bahasa Inggeris Singapura|Inggeris]]
* [[Bhasa Melayu|Melayu]]
* [[Bahasa Mandarin|Mandarin]]
* [[Bahasa Tamil|Tamil]]
|
|
| Melayu
|
|-
| {{Flag|Slovakia}}
| Slovak
|
|
* Bulgarian
* Czech
* German
* Hungarian
* Polish
* Romani
* Rusyn
* Serbian
* Ukrainian
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Slovenia}}
| Slovene
|
|
* Hungarian ([[Dobrovnik]], [[Hodoš]], [[Lendava]])
* Itali ([[Izola]], [[Koper]], [[Piran]])
* Croatian ([[Metlika]], [[Brežice]])
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Solomon Islands}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Somalia}}
| [[Somali language|Somali]], Arab
|
|
| 
|
|-
| {{Flag|Somaliland}}{{efn|name=DT}}
|
* Arab
* English
* Somali
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|South Africa}}
|
* Afrikaans
* [[South African English|Inggeris]]
* [[Southern Ndebele language|Southern Ndebele]]
* [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
* [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]
* [[Swazi language|Swazi]]
* [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]
* [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
* [[Venda language|Venda]]
* [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
* [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|South Ossetia}}{{efn|name=DT}}
|
* [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]]
* Rusia
| Georgian
| Georgian
| 
|
|-
| {{Flag|South Sudan}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
* [[Bari language|Bari]]
* [[Dinka language|Dinka]]
* [[Luo languages|Luo]]
* [[Murle language|Murle]]
* [[Nuer language|Nuer]]
* [[Zande language|Zande]]
* ([[Languages of South Sudan|60 other languages]])
|
|-
| {{Flag|Spain}}
| Spanish
|
* [[Catalan language|Catalan]] ([[Balearic Islands]], [[Catalonia]], [[Valencian Community]])
* [[Galician language|Galician]] ([[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]])
* [[Occitan language|Occitan]] (Catalonia)
* [[Basque language|Basque]] ([[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]], [[Navarra]])
|
* [[Astur-Leonese languages|Astur-Leonese]] ([[Asturias]])
* [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] ([[Aragon]])
* [[Fala language|Fala]] ([[Province of Cáceres]])
* French
* Portugis
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
|
* [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|
|
|
[[Sri Lankan English|Inggeris]]
|-
| {{Flag|Sudan}}
|
* Arab
* English
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Suriname}}
| Dutch
|
|
| [[Sranan Tongo]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Sweden}}
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|
|
* Finnish ([[Gällivare]], [[Haparanda]], [[Kiruna]], [[Pajala]], [[Övertorneå]])
* [[Meänkieli dialects|Meänkieli]] (Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneå)
* Sami ([[Arjeplog]], Gällivare, [[Jokkmokk]], Kiruna)
* Yiddish
* Romani
|
English
|-
| {{Flag|Switzerland}}
|
* French (Bern, Fribourg, [[Geneva]], [[Canton of Jura|Jura]], [[Neuchâtel]], Valais, [[Vaud]])
* German ([[Aargau]], [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]], [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]], [[Basel-Landschaft]], [[Basel-Stadt]], [[Bern]], [[Fribourg]], [[Glarus]], [[Grisons|Graubünden]], [[Lucerne]], [[Nidwalden]], [[Obwalden]], [[St. Gallen|Saint Gallen]], [[Schaffhausen]], [[Schwyz]], [[Solothurn]], [[Thurgau]], [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Valais]], [[Zug]], [[Zürich]])
* Itali ([[Ticino]], Graubünden)
* [[Romansh language|Romansh]] (Graubünden)
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Syria}}
| Arab
| Kurdish
|
* Assyrian
* Western Neo-Aramaic
* Armenian
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Taiwan}}
| None ([[Taiwanese Mandarin|Mandarin Chinese]] has de facto status)
|
|
|
* [[Taiwanese Mandarin]]{{efn|name=TW|Not designated but meets legal definition}}
* [[Taiwanese Hokkien]]{{efn|name=TW}}
* [[Taiwanese Hakka]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Hakka Basic Act |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0140005 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>
* [[Formosan languages]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Indigenous Languages Development Act |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0130037 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>
* [[Taiwan Sign Language]]
* [[Matsu dialect]]
* [[Puxian dialect|Wuqiu dialect]]
|
|-
| {{Flag|Tajikistan}}
| [[Tajik language|Tajik]]
|
|
| Tajik
| Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Tanzania}}
| 
*Swahili
*English
|
|
| Swahili
|
|-
| {{Flag|Thailand}}
| [[Thai language|Central Thai]]
|
*[[Thai language|Central Thai]]
*[[Isan language|Isan]]
*[[Northern Thai language|Northern Thai]]
*[[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]]
|
Sixty-two 'domestic' languages are officially recognized
|
| [[Burmese language|Burmese]]
|-
| {{Flag|Togo}}
| French
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Tokelau}}
| 
* English
* [[Tokelauan language|Tokelauan]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Tonga}}
| 
* English
* [[Tongan language|Tongan]]
|
|
| 
|
|-
| {{Flag|Transnistria}}{{efn|name=DT}}
|
* Moldovan
* Rusia
* Ukrainian
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Trinidad dan Tobago}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
| Trinidadian Creole
|- 
| {{Flag|Tunisia}}
| Arab
|
|
| Arab
|
|-
| {{Flag|Turkey}}
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|
| Kurdish
|Turkish
|
|-
| {{Flag|Turkmenistan}}
| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]
|
|
| Turkmen
| Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Tuvalu}}
|
* [[Tuvaluan language|Tuvaluan]]
* English
|
|
|
* Tuvaluan
* English
|-
| {{Flag|Uganda}}
|
* English
* Swahili<ref>Second official according to the [[Constitution of Uganda|Constitution]]</ref>
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Ukraine}}
| Ukrainian
|
* Rusia ([[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]])
* [[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]] (Autonomous Republic of Crimea)
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Arab
|
|
|
|Inggeris
|-
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}} dan Crown dependencies etc.
| None ([[British English|Inggeris]] has de facto status) 
|
* [[Irish language|Irish]] dan [[Ulster Scots dialects|Ulster-Scots]] (in [[Northern Ireland]])
* [[Scots language|Scots]] dan [[Scottish Gaelic]] (in [[Scotland]])
* [[Welsh language|Welsh]] (in [[Wales]])
* [[Pitkern language|Pitcairnese]] (in [[Pitcairn Islands]])
* [[Guernésiais]] dan [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]] (in [[Guernsey]])
* [[Jèrriais]] dan French (in [[Jersey]])
* [[Manx language|Manx]] (in [[Isle of Man]])
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|United States}}
| None ([[American English|Inggeris]] has de facto status)
| ([[Languages of the United States|28 languages]])
|
|Several [[Indigenous languages of the United States|indigenous languages]] of recognized federal tribes
|
* English
* Spanish
|-
| {{Flag|Uruguay}}
|
* None (Spanish has de facto status)
* Uruguayan Sign Language
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Uzbekistan}}
|Uzbek
|
|
* [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]
* [[Karakalpak language|Karakalpak]] dan Uzbek in [[Karakalpakstan]]
|
| Rusia
|-
| {{Flag|Vanuatu}}
|
* English
* French
* [[Bislama]]
|
|
| 
|
|-
| {{Flag|Vatican City}}
|
* Itali
* Latin (formerly)
|
|
|
|Swiss German
|-
| {{Flag|Venezuela}}
|
* Spanish
* [[Venezuelan Sign Language]]
|
| Native languages are official for indigenous peoples
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Vietnam}}
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
|
|
* [[Cantonese]]
* [[Cham language|Cham]]
* [[Hmong language|Hmong]]
* [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
* [[Lao language|Lao]]
* [[Muong language|Muong]]
* [[Rade language|Rade]]
* [[Tày language|Tay]]
* [[Thai language|Thai]]
* [[Vietnamese sign languages]]
| Vietnamese
|
|-
| {{Flag|Yemen}}
| Arab
|
|
* [[Mehri language|Mehri]]
* [[Soqotri]]
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Zambia}}
| Inggeris
|
|
|
|-
| {{Flag|Zimbabwe}}
|
* [[Chewa language|Chewa]]
* [[Sena language|Chibarwe]]
* English
* [[Kalanga language|Kalanga]]
* [[Khoisan languages|Khoisan]]{{efn|name=ZW1|Refers to the [[Tjwao dialect]]}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Draft constitution riles San people|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/02/draft-constitution-riles-san-people/|access-date=19 February 2018|agency=AMH|publisher=NewsDay|date=6 February 2013}}</ref>
* [[Nambya language|Nambya]]
* [[Ndau dialect|Ndau]]
* [[Zimbabwean Ndebele language|Ndebele]]
* [[Shangani language|Shangani]]
* [[Shona language|Shona]]
* [[Sign language]]{{efn|name=ZW2|See [[Zimbabwean sign languages]]}}
* [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
* [[Tonga language (Zambia dan Zimbabwe)|Tonga]]
* [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
* [[Venda language|Venda]]
* [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
|
|
|
|
|}

<!---
==Bilangan negara dengan bahasa rasmi yang sama==
{{More citations needed|date=November 2017|1=section}}
This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are ''de jure'' or ''de facto'' official, although there are no precise inclusion criteria or definition of a language. An '*' (asterisk) indicates a country whose independence is disputed.

<small>Partially recognized or ''de facto'' independent countries are denoted by an asterisk (*)</small>
--->
<!---
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Language
!World
![[Africa]]
![[Americas]]
![[Asia]]
![[Europe]]
![[Oceania]]
!Countries
|-
|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Inggeris]]
|58
|23
|14
|4
|3
|14
|[[United Kingdom]], [[United States]],{{efn|In the United States of America, English is the language of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], the [[Constitution of the United States]] dan [[The Federalist Papers]] dan remains the working language of the federal administration. At the state level, some states with large [[Hispanic]] populations—such as [[Arizona]], [[California]], [[Florida]], [[New Mexico]], dan [[Texas]]—provide bilingual legislated notices dan official documents in both [[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish]] dan English. Attempts have been made to legislate English as the official language of the [[federal government of the United States]], often imbued with [[nationalism|nationalist sentiment]] such as the proposed [[English Language Unity Act]] of 2005 with its controversial ties to [[immigration to the United States|immigration policy]], but these initiatives have not passed into law, despite an [[English-only movement]] whose long history includes: [[Pennsylvania]] of the 1750s concerning German; the decade of the 1800s in [[Louisiana]] concerning French; the 1890s concerning the use of the [[Hawaiian language]] in [[Hawaii]]; dan from 1880 onward—now formally organized—more than a century of [[American Indian boarding schools]] suppressing the use of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[indigenous languages of the Americas|indigenous language]].}} [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[India]], [[South Africa]], [[Nigeria]] ''(See [[List of countries where English is an official language|the full list]])''<ref>{{cite web |title=Field Listing - Languages |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004519/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 13, 2007 |access-date=2009-01-11 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]]
|27
|19
|2
| –
|5
|1
|[[France]], [[Canada]], [[Belgium]], [[Switzerland]], [[Madagascar]], [[Monaco]], [[Haiti]], [[Vanuatu]] ''(See [[List of countries where French is an official language|the full list]])''
|-
|[[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]
|22–25*
|11–13*
| –
|11–12*
| –
| –
|[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]], [[Algeria]], [[Iraq]], [[Morocco]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]* ''(See [[List of countries where Arab is an official language|the full list]])''
|-
|[[Bahasa Sepanyol|Sepanyol]]
|21
|1
|18
| –
|1
|1
|[[Spain]], [[Colombia]], [[Argentina]], [[Mexico]], [[Easter Island]] ''(See [[List of countries where Spanish is an official language|the full list]])''<ref>{{cite web |title=Spanish-Speaking Countries |url=https://www.bergesinstitutespanish.com/spanish-speaking-countries |publisher=Berges Institute |access-date=27 May 2023 |quote=Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, dan it is an official language, either de facto (in practice) or de jure (by law) in 20 countries. Spanish is also an official language in Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, the United Nations, the African Union, dan the Organization of American States.}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]]
|9
|6
|1
|1
|1
| –
|[[Portugal]], [[Brazil]], [[Mozambique]], [[Angola]], [[East Timor]] ''(See [[List of countries where Portugis is an official language|the full list]])''
|-
|[[German language|German]]
|6
| –
| –
| –
|6
| –
|[[Germany]], [[Austria]], [[Switzerland]], [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Liechtenstein]] ''(See [[List of countries where German is an official language|the full list]])''
|-
|[[Bahasa Rusia|Rusia]]
|5–8*
| –
| –
|3
|2–5*
| –
|[[Russia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Belarus]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Abkhazia]]*, [[South Ossetia]]*, [[Transnistria]]*. ''(See [[List of countries where Rusia is an official language|the full list]])''
|-
|[[Swahili language|Swahili]]
|5
|5
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]
|-
|[[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]
|4–5*
| –
| –
| –
|4–5*
| –
|[[Serbia]] (dikenali sebagai [[Serbian language|Serbian]]), [[Croatia]] (dikenali sebagai [[Croatian language|Croatian]]), [[Montenegro]] (dikenali sebagai [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]), [[Bosnia dan Herzegovina]] (dikenali sebagai [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], Croatian dan Serbian), [[Kosovo]]* (dikenali sebagai Serbian)
|-
|[[Bahasa Itali|Itali]]
|4
| –
| –
| –
|4
| –
|[[Italy]], [[Switzerland]], [[San Marino]], [[Vatican City]]
|-
|[[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]
|4
| –
| –
|4
| –
| –
|[[Malaysia]] (dikenali sebagai [[Bahasa Malaysia]]), [[Indonesia]] (dikenali sebagai [[Bahasa Indonesia]]), [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]]
|-
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|3
| –
|1
| –
|2
| –
|[[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]], [[Suriname]]
|-
|[[Bahasa Parsi|Parsi]]
|3
| –
| –
|3
| –
| –
|[[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]] (dikenali sebagai [[Dari language|Dari]]), [[Tajikistan]] (dikenali sebagai [[Tajik language|Tajik]])
|-
|[[Sotho language|Sotho]]
|3
|3
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[South Africa]], [[Lesotho]], [[Zimbabwe]]
|-
|[[Tswana language|Tswana]]
|3
|3
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Botswana]], [[South Africa]], [[Zimbabwe]]
|-
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|2–3*
| –
| –
| –
|2–3*
| –
|[[Albania]], [[Kosovo]]*, [[North Macedonia]]
|-
|[[Standard Chinese]]
|2–3*
| –
| –
|2–3*
| –
| –
|[[China]], [[Singapore]], [[Taiwan]]*
|-
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|2–3*
| –
| –
| –
|3
| –
|[[Romania]], [[Moldova]], [[Transnistria]]*
|-
|[[Somali language|Somali]]
|2–3*
|2–3*
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Somalia]], [[Ethiopia]], dan [[Somaliland]]*
|-
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|2–3*
| –
| –
| –
|2–3*
| –
|[[Turkey]], [[Northern Cyprus]]* dan [[Cyprus]]
|-
|[[Aymara language|Aymara]]
|2
| –
|2
| –
| –
| –
|[[Bolivia]] dan [[Peru]]
|-
|[[Berber languages|Berber]]
|2
|2
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Algeria]] dan [[Morocco]] 
|-
|[[Chewa language|Chichewa]]
|2
|2
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Malawi]] dan [[Zimbabwe]]
|-
|[[Yunani language|Yunani]]
|2
| –
| –
| –
|2
| –
|[[Greece]] dan [[Cyprus]]
|-
|[[Guarani language|Guarani]]
|2
| –
|2
| –
| –
| –
|[[Paraguay]] dan [[Bolivia]]
|-
|[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
|3
| –
| –
|2
| –
| –
|[[India]] (dikenali sebagai [[Hindi]]), [[Pakistan]] (dikenali sebagai [[Urdu]]), [[Fiji]] (dikenali sebagai [[Fiji Hindi]])
|-
|[[Korean language|Korean]]
|2
| –
| –
|2
| –
| –
|[[North Korea]] dan [[South Korea]]
|-
|[[Quechua language|Quechua]]
|2
| –
|2
| –
| –
| –
|[[Bolivia]] dan [[Peru]]
|-
|[[Rwanda-Rundi language|Rwanda-Rundi]]
|2
|2
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Burundi]] (dikenali sebagai [[Kirundi]]) & [[Rwanda]] (dikenali sebagai [[Kinyarwanda]])
|-
|[[Swati language|Swati]]
|2
|2
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Eswatini|Eswatini (Swaziland)]] dan [[South Africa]]
|-
|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|2
| –
| –
| –
|2
| –
|[[Sweden]] dan [[Finland]]
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|2
| –
| –
|2
| –
| –
|[[Sri Lanka]] dan [[Singapore]]
|-
|[[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]]
|2
|2
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Eritrea]] dan [[Ethiopia]]
|-
|[[Venda language|Venda]]
|2
|2
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Afrika Selatan]] dan [[Zimbabwe]]
|-
|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
|2
|2
| –
| –
| –
| –
|[[Afrika Selatan]] dan [[Zimbabwe]]
|}
--->

==Nota==
{{notelist}}
<!-- Not in use
<ref name=Bengali>In 2002, some News media claimed that after the contribution made by the [[Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force]] in the [[Sierra Leone Civil War]] under the [[United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone]], the government of [[Ahmad Tejan Kabbah]] declared [[Bengali language|Bengali]] an honorary official language in December 2002.[http://indianexpress.com/article/research/how-bengali-became-an-official-language-in-sierra-leone-in-west-africa-international-mother-language-day-2017-4536551/][https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/2017/02/23/bangla-language-sierra-leone][http://thedailynewnation.com/news/125160/recounting-the-sacrifices-that-made-bangla-the-state-language][http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_29-12-2002_pg9_6] [https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sierra-leone.html] But this information is not supported by any official declaration from the government of [[Sierra Leone]]. See [[Languages of Sierra Leone]] for more detail.</ref>
Not in use-->

<!---
== Lihat juga ==
* [[List of official languages]]
* [[Linguistic demography]]
* [[Lists of countries and territories by official language]]
* [[Lists of endangered languages]]
* [[Lists of languages]]
* [[List of countries by the number of recognized official languages]]
* [[List of languages by number of native speakers]]
* [[List of languages by total number of speakers]]
* [[Number of languages by country]]
* [[World language]]
* [[Languages used on the Internet]]
--->
== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Pautan luar ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606082657/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/languages/ Languages] - CIA listing of languages spoken in each country
{{Countries and languages lists}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Official Languages By State}}
[[Kategori:Senarai bahasa mengikut negara|*]]
[[Kategori:Dasar bahasa]]
[[Kategori:Bahasa rasmi]]
[[Kategori:Negara dan wilayah mengikut bahasa rasmi| ]]
Templat yang digunakan dalam laman ini:
Kembali ke Senarai bahasa rasmi mengikut negara dan wilayah.
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_bahasa_rasmi_mengikut_negara_dan_wilayah"