Lihat sumber bagi Palaeonisciformes

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{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Silurian|Cretaceous}}
| image = Palaeoniscus_macropomus.jpg
| image_caption = †''[[Palaeoniscum]]'' restoration
| taxon = Palaeonisciformes
| authority = [[Oliver Perry Hay|Hay]] 1902
| subdivision_ranks = Suborders
| subdivision = * †Palaeoniscoidei <small>[[Lev Berg|Berg]] 1937</small>
* †Platysomoidei <small>Berg 1937</small>
| synonyms = Palaeoniscida <small>[[James Alan Moy-Thomas|Moy-Thomas]] & Miles 1971</small>
}}

'''Palaeonisciformes,''' yang lazimnya dikenali sebagai "'''palaeoniscoids'''" (juga dieja "'''paleoniscoid'''", atau alternatifnya "'''paleoniscids"''') ialah kumpulan [[ikan bersirip-ray]] (Actinopterygii) primitif yang telah pupus, merangkumi dari zaman [[Silurian]]/[[Devonian]] hingga [[Cretaceous]]. Mereka umumnya dianggap sebagai [[paraphyletic]], tetapi hubungan tepat mereka dengan ikan bersirip-ray yang masih hidup tidak pasti.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stack |first1=Jack |last2=Gottfried |first2=Michael D. |date=2021-09-17 |title=A new, exceptionally well-preserved Permian actinopterygian fish from the Minnekahta Limestone of South Dakota, USA |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2022.2036837 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=19 |issue=18 |pages=1271–1302 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2022.2036837 |s2cid=247537869 |issn=1477-2019}}</ref> Walaupun sesetengah dan mungkin kebanyakan palaeoniscoids mungkin tergolong dalam [[kumpulan-pangkal]] Actinopterygii,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Giles |first1=Sam |last2=Xu |first2=Guang-Hui |last3=Near |first3=Thomas J. |last4=Friedman |first4=Matt |date=2017-09-14 |title=Early members of 'living fossil' lineage imply later origin of modern ray-finned fishes |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature23654 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=549 |issue=7671 |pages=265–268 |doi=10.1038/nature23654 |pmid=28854173 |s2cid=205259531 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref> telah dicadangkan bahawa sesetengah mungkin tergolong dalam [[kumpulan mahkota]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Caron |first1=Abigail |last2=Venkataraman |first2=Vishruth |last3=Tietjen |first3=Kristen |last4=Coates |first4=Michael |date=2023-08-01 |title=A fish for Phoebe: a new actinopterygian from the Upper Carboniferous Coal Measures of Saddleworth, Greater Manchester, UK, and a revision of Kansasiella eatoni |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/198/4/957/7185612 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |language=en |volume=198 |issue=4 |pages=957–981 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad011 |issn=0024-4082|doi-access=free }}</ref> dengan beberapa di antaranya mungkin berkait dengan [[Cladistia]] (mengandungi [[bichir]]) dan/atau [[Chondrostei]] (yang mengandungi [[sturgeon]] dan [[ikan dayung]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Matt |date=March 2015 |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=Andrew |title=The early evolution of ray-finned fishes |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=213–228 |doi=10.1111/pala.12150|doi-access=free }}</ref> Banyak palaeoniscoids berkongsi bentuk badan yang konservatif dan susunan tulang tengkorak yang serupa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mickle |first1=Kathryn E. |last2=Lund |first2=Richard |last3=Grogan |first3=Eileen D. |date=September 2009 |title=Three new palaeoniscoid fishes from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Serpukhovian, Mississippian) of Montana (USA) and the relationships of lower actinopterygians |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2009n3a6 |journal=Geodiversitas |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=623–668 |doi=10.5252/g2009n3a6 |s2cid=128412802 |issn=1280-9659}}</ref>

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q144538}}
[[Category:Palaeonisciformes| ]]

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