Lihat sumber bagi Orang Thai

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{{otheruses4|etnik majoriti Thailand dan minoriti Malaysia|kumpulan etnik Tai lain|orang Tai}}
{{ethnic group|
|group=Orang Thai/Siam
| population       = {{circa}} '''52–59 juta'''{{efn|The total figure is merely an estimation; sum of all the referenced populations below.}}
[[File:Map of the Thais Diaspora in the World.svg|center|frameless|280x280px]]
| regions          = {{flagcountry|Thailand}}
| region2          = {{center|[[diaspora]]}}
| pop2             = {{circa}} 1.1 million
| region4          = {{flag|United States}}
| pop4             = 328,176 (2022)
| ref4             = <ref name="AsianPop">{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2022.B02018?q=B02018 |title=ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS |year=2022 |work=[[United States Census Bureau]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Commerce]] |access-date=28 July 2024 |archive-url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2022.B02018?q=B02018 |archive-date=14 July, 2024}}</ref>
| region5          = {{flagcountry|South Korea}}
| pop5             = 185,389
| ref5             = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://gzone.kr/cmmn/FileDown.do?atchFileId=226381&fileSn=67807|title=출입국·외국인정책 내부용 통계월보 (2018년 7월호)|work=gov.kr|format=PDF|language=ko|access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> (2018)
| region6          = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| pop6             = 115,000
| ref6             = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staatengruppen.html|title=Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach Geburtsstaat in Staatengruppen}}</ref> (2020)
| region7          = {{flagcountry|Australia}}
| pop7             = 81,850
| ref7             = <ref>{{cite web |title=Estimated resident population, Country of birth - as at 30 June, 1996 to 201 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3412.0Main+Features12018-19?OpenDocument |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> (2019)
| region8          = {{flagcountry|Taiwan}}
| pop8             = 64,922
| ref8             = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5475/5478/141478/141380/170070/|title=108.02Foreign Residents by Nationality (03/25/2019)|work=immigration.gov.tw|language=zh|access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> (2018)
| region9          = {{flagcountry|Japan}}
| pop9             = 61,771 (December 2023)
| ref9             = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/001415139.pdf |script-title=ja:【第１表】国籍・地域別　在留外国人数の推移 |date=2024-03-23 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=[[Ministry of Justice (Japan)]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021234433if_/https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/001415139.pdf |archive-date=2023-10-21 |url-status=live |page=1 |language=ja |quote=タイ 令和5年末(2023) 61,771}} (supplemantary file of [https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/publications/press/13_00036.html 令和５年１２月末現在における在留外国人数について])</ref> 
| region10          = {{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
| pop10             = 51,000–70,000
| ref10             = <ref name=consular /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/siamese-malaysians-they-are-part-of-our-society-1.457322|title=SIAMESE MALAYSIANS: They are part of our society|author=Nop Nai Samrong|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=8 January 2014|access-date=10 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108111857/http://www.nst.com.my/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/siamese-malaysians-they-are-part-of-our-society-1.457322|archive-date=8 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2012)
| region11         = {{flagcountry|Singapore}}
| pop11            = 47,700
| ref11            = <ref name=consular>{{cite web|url=http://www.consular.go.th/main/contents/files/services-20120630-141533-674689.pdf|title=รายงานจำนวนประมาณการคนไทยในต่างประเทศ 2012|work=consular.go.th|date=March 5, 2012|language=th|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102448/http://www.consular.go.th/main/contents/files/services-20120630-141533-674689.pdf|archive-date=2017-02-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2012)
| region12         = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| pop12            = 45,000
| ref12            = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/populationoftheunitedkingdombycountryofbirthandnationality|title=Population of the United Kingdom by Country of Birth and Nationality (July 2017 to June 2018)|work=ons.gov.uk|date=29 November 2018|access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> (2018)
| region13         = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| pop13            = 44,339
| ref13            = <ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign-born persons – Population by country of birth, age and sex. Year 2000 - 2018|date=2019-02-21|url=http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/table/tableViewLayout1/|work=[[Statistics Sweden]]|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> (2019)
| region14         = {{flagcountry|France}}
| pop14            = 30,000 (2012)
| ref14            = <ref name=consular />
| region15         = {{flagcountry|Israel}}
| pop15            = 22,275[15] (2021)
| ref15            = <ref name=consular /> (2011)
| region16         = {{flagcountry|Libya}}
| pop16            = 24,600
| ref16            = <ref name=consular /> (2011)
| region17         = {{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
| pop17            = 24,000
| ref17            = <ref name=MPI>{{cite web|title=Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/immigrant-and-emigrant-populations-country-origin-and-destination|date=10 February 2014}}</ref> (2020)
| region18         = {{flagcountry|Canada}}
| pop18            = 22,275
| ref18            = <ref>{{cite web|title=Canada Census Profile 2021|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada|website=Census Profile, 2021 Census|date = 7 May 2021|publisher=Statistics Canada Statistique Canada|access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> (2021)
| region19         = {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
| pop19            = 16,000
| ref19            = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/05183/|title = 05183: Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by sex and country background 1970 - 2021-PX-Web SSB}}</ref> (2020)
| region20         = {{flagcountry|Hong Kong}}
| pop20            = 15,000
| ref20            = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/en/dataset/37325eng/table?dl=6303D|title=Population; sex, age, generation and migration background, 1 January|website=Statline.cbs.nl|date=September 17, 2021|access-date=February 21, 2022}}</ref>
| region21         = {{flag|UAE}}
| pop21            = 14,232[10] (2012)
| ref21            = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://lsb.gov.la/PDF/PHC-ENG-FNAL-WEB.pdf|title=Table P4.8 Overseas Migrant Population 10 Years Old and Over by Country of Origin and Province of Current Residence|work=lsb.gov.la|access-date=February 14, 2017|archive-date=November 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101102401/http://www.lsb.gov.la/PDF/PHC-ENG-FNAL-WEB.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2015)
| region22         = {{flag|Russia}}
| pop22            = 14,087[19] (2015)
| ref22            = <ref name=consular /> (2012)
| region23         = {{flag|Finland}}
| pop23            = 13,687[20] (2019)
| ref23            = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fms.gov.ru/about/statistics/data/details/54891/ |title=Федеральная миграционная служба России - ФМС России - Основные показатели деятельности ФМС России - Официальные статистические данные - Сведения в отношении иностранных граждан, находящи |website=www.fms.gov.ru |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316142557/http://www.fms.gov.ru/about/statistics/data/details/54891/ |archive-date=16 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (2015)
| region24         = {{flag|Belgium}}
| pop24            = 12,952 (2019)[21]
| ref24            = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates19.asp|title=United Nations Population Division &#124; Department of Economic and Social Affairs|website=www.un.org}}</ref> (2019)
| region25         = {{flag|Denmark}}
| pop25            = 12,947[22] (2020)
| ref25            = <ref>{{cite web|access-date=12 April 2023|title=Wachtregister asiel 2012-2021|url=http://www.npdata.be/BuG/469-Migratieachtergrond/|website=npdata.be}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
| region26         = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| pop26            = 11,244 (2004)
| ref26            = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statbank.dk/10024|title=POPULATION AT THE FIRST DAY OF THE QUARTER BY REGION, SEX, AGE (5 YEARS AGE GROUPS), ANCESTRY AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN|work=Statistics Denmark}}</ref> (2020)
| region27         = {{flag|New Zealand}}
| pop27            = 10,251 (born), c. 50,000 (ancestry)[24] (2018)
| ref27            = <ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Population By-census: Summary Results 2016年中期人口統計：簡要報告 (by nationality)|url=http://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/data/16bc-summary-results.pdf|website=bycensus2016.gov.hk|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> (2016)
| region28         = {{flagcountry|Japan}}
| pop28            = 10,000
| ref28            = <ref name=consular /> (2012)
| region29         = {{flag|Switzerland}}
| pop29            = 9,058[25] (2015)
| ref29            = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights|title=2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights {{!}} Stats NZ|website=www.stats.govt.nz|access-date=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923102431/https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights|archive-date=23 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2018)
| region30         = {{flag|China}}
| pop30            = 8,618[10] (2012)
| ref30            = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/migration-integration/auslaendische-bevoelkerung.assetdetail.104539.html|title=Ständige ausländische Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit|work=bfs.admin.ch|date=August 26, 2016|language=de}}</ref> (2015)
| region31         = {{flag|Italy}}
| pop31            = 5,766[26] (2016)
| ref31            = <ref name=consular /> (2012)
| region32         = {{flag|Brunei}}
| pop32            = 5,466[10] (2012)
| ref32            = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/str2016/index.html|title=Cittadini Stranieri. Popolazione residente per sesso e cittadinanza al 31 dicembre 2016|work=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]]|language=it|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref> (2016)
| region33         = {{flagcountry|Kuwait}}
| pop33            = 5,000
| ref33            = <ref name=consular /> (2012)
| region34         = {{flag|Austria}}
| pop34            = 3,773[10] (2012)
| ref34            = <ref name=consular /> (2012)
| region35         = {{flag|India}}
| pop35            = 3,715[10] (2012)
| ref35            = <ref name=consular /> (2012)
| region36         = {{flag|South Africa}}
| pop36            = 3,500[10] (2012)
| ref36            = <ref name=consular /> (2012)
| region37         = {{flag|Mauritius}}
| pop37            = 3,000
| region38         = {{flag|Qatar}}
| pop38            = 2,500[10] (2012)
| region39         = {{flagcountry|Bahrain}}
| pop39            = 2,424
| region40         = {{flag|Egypt}}
| pop40            = 2,331[10] (2012)
| region41         = {{flag|Brazil}}
| pop41            = 2,051[27] (2022)
| region42         = {{flag|Philippines}}
| pop42            = 2,000
|rels=[[Theravada|Theravada Buddhisme]]
|langs=[[Bahasa Thai|Thai]]
|related=[[Orang Lao|Lao]], [[Shan]], [[Ahom]], [[orang Tai]] lain
|pop_embed=kira-kira 48,500,000 (termasuk 21,000,000 penutur [[bahasa Isan]])|region43={{flag|Portugal}}|pop43=1,977|region44={{flag|Iceland}}|pop44=1,497|region45={{flag|Spain}}|pop45=1,400|native_name=คนไทย<br/>คนสยาม|native_name_lang=th|region46={{flag|Greece}}|pop46=1,215|region47={{flag|Macau}}|pop47=900|region48={{flag|Turkey}}|pop48=800|region49={{flag|Romania}}|pop49=106|pop50=74|region50={{flag|Colombia}}}}

'''Orang Thai''' (juga dieja: '''Tai''', {{Lang-th|ชาวไทย}}  ''chao Thai'') atau '''orang Siam'''{{efn|pengenalan diri di [[Malaysia]] yang turut diiktiraf dalam perbancian rasmi dilakukan [[kerajaan Malaysia]]<ref name=S/>}} (bahasa Thai: ชาวสยาม, ''chao sayam'') ialah etnik utama di [[Thailand]] dan merupakan sebahagian daripada [[orang Tai|orang etnolinguistik Tai]] yang didapati bertumpu di barat daya rantau [[Indochina]] di [[Asia Tenggara]] serta di selatan [[Tanah besar China|tanah besar Cina]]. Mereka utama menuturkan [[bahasa Thai]] sebahagian daripada [[bahasa Tai-Kadai|rumpun Tai-Kadai]], kebanyakan mereka menganut [[agama Buddha]] aliran [[Theravada]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mohamed Yusoff Ismail|year=2006|title=Buddhism in a Muslim State: Theravada Practices and Religious Life in Kelantan|url=http://seacom.de/seacom-old/buddhism.pdf|journal=Jurnal e-Bangi|publisher=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia|volume=1|issue=1|pages=2,4}}</ref>

Dalam rantau penutur [[bahasa Melayu]] [[Nusantara]], etnik ini paling banyak didapati di utara [[Semenanjung Melayu]] di mana [[Orang Siam Malaysia|masyarakat ini]] wujud hasil perpindahan jelata [[Kerajaan Rattanakosin|kerajaan Siam]] melarikan diri dari peperangan dicetuskan [[Taksin|Raja Taksin]] ke atas [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] diperintah Nakhon Nu pada 1772 menuju ke negeri-negeri [[Perlis]], [[Kedah]] dan [[Kelantan]] terangkum dalam [[Tanah Melayu British|Tanah Melayu]] (kemudiannya [[Malaysia]]) meminta perlindungan raja-raja [[Orang Melayu|Melayu]] sana.<ref name=S>{{Cite book|title=Report on the Roundtable Discussion on the Rights of Ethnic Minorities and Marginalised Communities in Malaysia|last=Siri Neng Beh|publisher=[[Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Manusia Malaysia]]|year=2010|isbn=978-983-2523-64-2|pages=36-42|chapter=Masyarakat Malaysia Keturunan Siam}}</ref> 

== Sejarah ==
Sejarah awal orang Thai ialah sebagai satu bangsa dari selatan China dipanggil NAN-JOA ([[Nanzhao]] atau [[Nanman]]), daripada rekod Cina dalam abad keenam SM. Orang Thai awal ini adalah dari [[Yunnan]] dan bertebaran ke beberapa daerah di Thailand, Kemboja, Vietnam dan Laos. Orang-orang Thai tiba dalam beberapa gelombang dan menggantikan penduduk [[orang Mon|Mon]] dan [[orang Khmer|Khmer]] sebagai penduduk utama di daerah Thailand semasa zaman [[Dinasti Song|Sung]] China sekitar 960 Masihi. [[Orang Lao]] yang berkait berpisah daripada orang Tai-Kadai awal dan bergerak ke Asia Tenggara, terutamanya [[Laos]], manakala suku Thai yang lain, bangsa [[Shan]], bergerak ke [[Myanmar]].

Penubuhan [[kerajaan Sukhothai]] pada tahun 1238 ialah kemuncak kejayaan pertama bangsa Thai. Sebelum dimusnahkan oleh [[kerajaan Ayutthaya]] yang mendapat sokongan daripada Mongol India dan Mongol di China atau Manchuria. Kemudian dikembalikan kepada Thai oleh usaha yang dilakukan oleh [[dinasti Chakri]] 1768.

== Geografi dan demografi ==
Majoriti bangsa Thai mendiami Thailand dan Laos. Walaupun begitu, bangsa Thai boleh juga ditemui di negara lain di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Hampir 50 juta mendiami di Thailand <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html#People Thailand], The World Factbook</ref>, manakala ribuan lagi di [[Taiwan]], [[Singapura]], [[Malaysia]], [[Kemboja]], [[Myanmar]], [[Laos]], [[Emiriah Arab Bersatu]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]] dan [[Amerika Syarikat]].

== Budaya dan masyarakat ==
Bangsa Thai boleh dibahagiakan kepada beberapa kumpulan mengikut kawasan kepada Thai utama, timur laut, utara dan selatan dengan setiapnya mempunyai dialek sendiri bagi [[bahasa Thai]], namun masih boleh difahami yang lain. Kini, Bahasa Bangsa Thai utama telah menjadi bahasa rasmi dan menjadi dominan akibat dasar rasmi kerajaan yang cuba mengasimilasi dan menyatukan bangsa Thai, walaupun ia boleh mengakibatkan bahasa Melayu Patani, Khmer dan lain-lain bahasa etnik di Thai menjadi hilang. Penulisan bahasa Thai menggunakan [[abjad Thai]] yang dibangunkan tidak lama selepas penaklukan [[Angkor]], yang menandakan ia berasal daripada [[tulisan Khmer]].

Orang Thai kini kebanyakannya penganut [[Theravada|Buddhisme Theravada]] dan kuat mengaitkan identiti etnik mereka dengan kepercayaan agama yang termasuk pemujaan nenek moyang (lihat [[budaya Thailand]]). Sesetengah bahasa Thai dipinjam daripada [[Sanskrit]] yang asasnya dipinjam melalui budaya Khmer dan [[orang Mon|Mon]], sementara dari segi etnik bangsa Thai berkaitan dengan selatan China. Budaya setempat termasuklah [[Tomoi]] (Muay Thai), [[tarian Thailand|tarian Thai]] dan [[Nang Yai]] ([[wayang kulit]]). [[Masakan Thailand|Masakan Thai]] pula agak bersifat eklektik dan merupakan pengaruh daripada negara jiran [[masakan Myanmar|Burma]], [[masakan Laos|Laos]] dan [[masakan Kemboja|Kemboja]].

== Lihat juga ==
* [[Thailand]]
* [[Laos]]
* [[Kemboja]]
* [[Perkahwinan Thai]]

== Catatan ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
*Girsling, John L.S., ''Thailand: Society and Politics'' (Cornell University Press, 1981).
*Terwiel, B.J., ''A History of Modern Thailand'' (Univ. of Queensland Press, 1984).
*Wyatt, D.K., ''Thailand: A Short History'' (Yale University Press, 1986).

== Pautan luar ==
*[http://www.BangkokSpace.com BangkokSpace.com] tapak web jaringan sosial orang thai.

*[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+th0053) US Library of Congress Country Studies, Thailand, The Thai and Other Tai-Speaking Peoples]
*[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html#People CIA Factbook Thailand]

*[http://www.thailex.info/THAILEX/THAILEXENG/LEXICON/Etnologie%20&%20Bergvolkeren%20Tekst.htm ETHNOLOGY & THAI HILL TRIBES]
* [http://www.live365.com/stations/marcgaynor Contemporary Thai music radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227025106/http://www.live365.com/stations/marcgaynor |date=2007-02-27 }} (Listen Free, Contemporary Thai Music, internet radio station)

[[Kategori:Orang Tai|Thai]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Asia Tenggara]]

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Templat:Lang (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Templat:Lang-th (sunting)
Templat:LangWithName (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Templat:Main other (sunting)
Templat:Namespace detect (sunting)
Templat:Otheruses4 (sunting)
Templat:Reflist (sunting)
Templat:Senarai rujukan (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Templat:Senarai rujukan/gaya.css (sunting)
Templat:Str left (sunting)
Templat:Tentang (sunting)
Templat:Webarchive (sunting)
Modul:Arguments (sunting)
Modul:Check for unknown parameters (sunting)
Modul:Citation/CS1 (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Modul:Citation/CS1/Date validation (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (lihat sumber) (dilindungi)
Modul:Citation/CS1/styles.css (sunting)
Modul:Exponential search (sunting)
Modul:Hatnote (sunting)
Modul:Hatnote/styles.css (lihat sumber) (dilindungi separa)
Modul:Infobox (sunting)
Modul:Infobox/styles.css (sunting)
Modul:InfoboxImage (lihat sumber) (dilindungi separa)
Modul:Lang (sunting)
Modul:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (sunting)
Modul:Lang/configuration (sunting)
Modul:Lang/data (sunting)
Modul:Lang/data/iana languages (sunting)
Modul:Lang/data/iana regions (sunting)
Modul:Lang/data/iana scripts (sunting)
Modul:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts (sunting)
Modul:Lang/data/iana variants (sunting)
Modul:Lang/data/is latn data (sunting)
Modul:Namespace detect (sunting)
Modul:Namespace detect/config (sunting)
Modul:Namespace detect/data (sunting)
Modul:No globals (sunting)
Modul:String (sunting)
Modul:TableTools (sunting)
Modul:Unicode data (sunting)
Modul:Unicode data/scripts (sunting)
Modul:Webarchive (sunting)
Modul:Webarchive/data (sunting)
Modul:Yesno (sunting)

Kembali ke Orang Thai.

Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Thai"