A planet-based pressure dome
A pressure dome built on an asteroid
An artificial biosphere was an artificially-constructed, self-contained area built within a pressure or atmospheric dome providing a life-supported habitat for a station, starbase, or colony in an environment not ordinarily hospitable to life. Unlike space stations, biospheres were generally built on bodies such as planets or asteroids, allowing their inhabitants to survive on the surface within them. (DS9: "By Inferno's Light", "In Purgatory's Shadow")
By 2155, there were several domed cities on Luna and Mars, such as Tycho City and Utopia Colony, respectively. (ENT: "Terra Prime"; DS9: "Valiant")
An early example of a planet-based biosphere was the Genome colony on Moab IV, a self-contained colony of Humans founded in the late 22nd century. In 2368, the colony was almost destroyed by a stellar core fragment, but, with assistance from the USS Enterprise-D, the biosphere was refortified to withstand the fragment. (TNG: "The Masterpiece Society")
In operation in the 2370s, the Dominion prison facility Internment Camp 371 – originally used to mine ultritium – was built within a biosphere, located on an asteroid in orbit of a gas giant. (DS9: "By Inferno's Light", "In Purgatory's Shadow", "Inquisition")
At least one space station-based biosphere was operation as early as 2375, when Species 8472 built a biosphere recreating San Francisco and its Starfleet facilities in the Delta Quadrant. Known as Terrasphere 8, the facility was created with the intent of better understanding Starfleet in order to undertake a more efficient invasion. When the crew of the USS Voyager learned of this plan, heated negotiations occurred which lead to the end of invasion plans. Following the negotiations, the crew spent some time on the biosphere. (VOY: "In the Flesh")