A sand mandala was a design made out of sand.
Lieutenant O'Connor had created a sand mandala out of colorful sand in his quarters on the USS Cerritos, in preparation for his ascension. The mandala depicted the act of ascension, with the ascendee and a bird being focal. The design also featured ambiguous imagery to hide a giant koala.
When Ensign D'Vana Tendi accidentally ruined the mandala in 2380, O'Connor angrily stated that he had worked on it for two years. (LD: "Moist Vessel")