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The Center for Political Beauty erected a full-scale replica of one section of the Holocaust memorial in Berlin within viewing distance of Höcke's home as a reminder of German history.<ref name=nytimes2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/25/world/europe/germany-bjorn-hocke-bornhagen.html|title=For One Far-Right Politician, Forgetting Germany's Past Just Got Harder|work=The New York Times|date=December 25, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
The Center for Political Beauty erected a full-scale replica of one section of the Holocaust memorial in Berlin within viewing distance of Höcke's home as a reminder of German history.<ref name=nytimes2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/25/world/europe/germany-bjorn-hocke-bornhagen.html|title=For One Far-Right Politician, Forgetting Germany's Past Just Got Harder|work=The New York Times|date=December 25, 2017|language=en}}</ref>


== Bjöjörn Höcke as author==
== Höcke as author==
Björn Höcke is well known with Thorsten Heise, a natonalistic leader of [[Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland|NPD]].<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://jungle.world/artikel/2019/12/keiner-traut-sich-hoecke-heran |titel=»Keiner traut sich an Höcke heran« |zugriff=2019-03-26 |sprache=de}}</ref><ref>Andreas Kemper: [https://www.freitag.de/autoren/der-freitag/im-dienste-einer-grossen-abrechnung ''Im Dienste einer großen „Abrechnung“''], in: ''der Freitag'', Ausg. 26/2019, abgerufen am 4. Juli 2019.</ref> In 2015 Höcke was abused of having contributed to Heise's journal "People in Motion" ("Volk in Bewegung") and "The Reichsbote" under the pseudonym "''Landolf Ladig''". Höcke denied having ever written for NPD papers, but refused to give a [[statutory declaration]] as demanded by the AfD Federal Executive Board.
Björn Höcke is well known with Thorsten Heise, a natonalistic leader of [[Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland|NPD]].<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://jungle.world/artikel/2019/12/keiner-traut-sich-hoecke-heran |titel=»Keiner traut sich an Höcke heran« |zugriff=2019-03-26 |sprache=de}}</ref><ref>Andreas Kemper: [https://www.freitag.de/autoren/der-freitag/im-dienste-einer-grossen-abrechnung ''Im Dienste einer großen „Abrechnung“''], in: ''der Freitag'', Ausg. 26/2019, abgerufen am 4. Juli 2019.</ref> In 2015 Höcke was abused of having contributed to Heise's journal "People in Motion" ("Volk in Bewegung") and "The Reichsbote" under the pseudonym "''Landolf Ladig''". Höcke denied having ever written for NPD papers, but refused to give a [[statutory declaration]] as demanded by the AfD Federal Executive Board.


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 10:21, 4 November 2019

Björn Höcke
Höcke in 2019
Personal details
Born (1972-04-01) 1 April 1972 (age 52)
Lünen, Westphalia, West Germany
Political partyAfD (2013–present)

Björn Höcke (born 1 April 1972) is a German politician, a member of Alternative for Germany (AfD).

Background

Björn Höcke was born in Lünen, Westphalia. His grandparents were expelled ethnic Germans from East Prussia. After his Abitur at the Rhein-Wied-Gymnasium Neuwied in 1991,[1] he served in the Bundeswehr and went to law school at the University Bonn, which he did not finish.[citation needed]

After curricular activities in various schools he worked as a senior teacher at the Rhenanus School in Bad Sooden-Allendorf. He is married and has four children.[citation needed]

Political career

Höcke was a short-time member of the Junge Union.[2]

As one of the founders of AfD Thuringia, he became Member of the Landtag of Thuringia, the state assembly of the federal state of Thuringia in Germany during the 2014 Thuringian State Elections.[3] Höcke is the speaker of the parliamentary group of the AfD and he is the spokesman of the Thuringia Landesverband (English: Regional Association) of his party.[4] He is said to be part of the "national-conservative wing" of the AfD.[5] His faction of the party is known as the Flügel (the Wing).

Along with the opposition leader of Saxony-Anhalt, André Poggenburg, Höcke is one of the initiators of the Erfurter Resolution, whose former leader and co-founder Bernd Lucke, was forced to resign.[6]

In September 2019, Höcke threatened 'massive consequences' to a ZDF journalist who refused to restart an interview after a series of difficult questions and after asking fellow party members whether various quotes are from his book or from Hitler's Mein Kampf.[7]

Political positions

European politics

Höcke supports border control in the refugee crisis and a limit on asylum laws.[8] He supports the return to national currencies to end the European debt crisis.[9]

Family

In addition to education policy, family policy is one of his main interests.[10] Höcke is an advocate of the heterosexual elementary family. He demands an end of "society experiments" that undermine what he deems the "natural gender order".[11]

He advocates a reduction of comprehensive schools and a specific schooling of outstanding students as well as a creation of schools that particularly support special needs children. He opposes sexual education in elementary schools and wants to "stop the dissolution of the natural polarity of the two genders".[12]

Immigration

Höcke supports the position of Thilo Sarrazin and is viewed as controversial for his criticism of multiculturalism and Islam. His opinions have been observed by media and social scientists as right-wing populist, identitarian, and nationalist.[13][14]

Political scientists such as Gero Neugebauer [de] and Hajo Funke [de] have commented that Höcke's opinions are close to the National Democratic Party of Germany and deem his speech pattern to be völkisch, racist and fascist.[15][16]

Abolishing §§ 86 & 130 StGB

In a 2014 email to party colleagues, Höcke advocated the abolition of sections 86 and 130 of the German Criminal Code. Section 86 prohibits the spread of propaganda by unconstitutional organizations. Section 130 criminalizes "incitement of hatred towards other groups of the population" (Volksverhetzung).[17] This would also have legalized Holocaust denial, which is illegal in Germany. "Ethical unsound persuasions" cannot be "avoided by legal measures".[18]

Allegations of antisemitism

See also: National memory

Höcke gave a speech in Dresden in January 2017, in which, referring to the Holocaust memorial in Berlin, he stated that "we Germans are the only people in the world who have planted a memorial of shame in the heart of their capital",[19] and suggested that Germans "need to make a 180 degree change in their commemoration policy".[20] The speech was widely criticized as antisemitic, among others by Jewish leaders in Germany, and he was described by his party chairwoman, Frauke Petry, in response as a "burden to the party".[19][21] As a result of his speech, the majority of leaders of the AfD asked in February 2017 that Björn Höcke be expelled from the party. In May 2018 an AfD tribunal ruled that Höcke was allowed to stay in the party.[22][7]

A replica of the Holocaust memorial was erected on the property adjacent to Höcke.

The Center for Political Beauty erected a full-scale replica of one section of the Holocaust memorial in Berlin within viewing distance of Höcke's home as a reminder of German history.[23]

Björn Höcke as author

Björn Höcke is well known with Thorsten Heise, a natonalistic leader of NPD.[24][25] In 2015 Höcke was abused of having contributed to Heise's journal "People in Motion" ("Volk in Bewegung") and "The Reichsbote" under the pseudonym "Landolf Ladig". Höcke denied having ever written for NPD papers, but refused to give a statutory declaration as demanded by the AfD Federal Executive Board.[26] Auch Heise selbst dementierte Höckes Identität mit „Ladig“ und bestätigte nur spätere gelegentliche Kontakte mit Höcke. 2018 beeideten zwei Bornhagener Bürger, Heise habe Höcke mehrfach zu Hause besucht und ihm beim Umzug geholfen.[27]

References

  1. ^ "Fraktionsvorsitzender der AfD Björn Höcke besucht seine Heimatstadt Neuwied". Der Lokalanzeiger. 24 April 2015. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  2. ^ "AfD-Rechtsaußen Höcke ist von ganz alter Schule". Die Welt. 2 November 2015.
  3. ^ "Landtagswahl 2014: Welche Koalitionen sind in Thüringen möglich?"". Thüringische Landeszeitung. 16 July 2014.
  4. ^ "AfD Vorstand Thüringen".
  5. ^ "Thüringen: Ausschuss hebt Immunität von AfD-Fraktionschef Höcke auf". Der Spiegel. 3 July 2015.
  6. ^ "AfD Alternative für Deutschland co-founder resigns over 'xenophobic' power grab". The Local. 9 July 2015.
  7. ^ a b "AfD politician threatens journalist after Hitler comparison". The Guardian.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "AfD fordert Aussetzung des Schengener Abkommens". Die Zeit. 27 August 2014.
  9. ^ "Kandidaten Bundestagswahl 2013". wen-wählen.de. 2013.
  10. ^ "AfD Kandidat Höcke im Interview: Drei-Kinder-Familie ist politisches Leitbild". Thüringische Landeszeitung. 21 July 2014.
  11. ^ Oestreich, Heide (17 September 2014). "Natürliche Geschlechterordnung". Die Tageszeitung.
  12. ^ "AfD will sich mit rechten Thesen profilieren". Der Tagesspiegel. 31 July 2014.
  13. ^ Leubecher, Marcel (3 November 2015). "Welche Rechten stecken hinter dem schwarzen Haken?". Die Welt.
  14. ^ "Hessen will AfD-Politiker Höcke nicht mehr unterrichten lassen". Der Tagesspiegel. 18 January 2016.
  15. ^ "Eindeutig rechtsextremistisch". Handelsblatt. 2 October 2015.
  16. ^ "Die AfD hat sich rechtsradikalisiert". Deutschlandfunk. 23 October 2015.
  17. ^ "Höcke sorgt erneut mit Äußerungen für Wirbel". Focus (in German). 29 May 2015.
  18. ^ "Neuer Beleg für NPD-Nähe von AfD-Landeschef Höcke In: MDR.de vom 29. Mai 2015". Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
  19. ^ a b "AfD-Mann Höcke löst mit Kritik an Holocaust-Gedenken Empörung aus". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). January 18, 2017.
  20. ^ Matthias Kamann (January 19, 2017). "Was Höcke mit der "Denkmal der Schande"-Rede bezweckt". Die Welt (in German).
  21. ^ "AfD-Chefin Petry: "Höcke ist eine Belastung für die Partei"". Junge Freiheit (in German). January 18, 2017.
  22. ^ "Germany's right-wing AfD seeks to expel state leader over Holocaust remarks". Deutsche Welle.
  23. ^ "For One Far-Right Politician, Forgetting Germany's Past Just Got Harder". The New York Times. December 25, 2017.
  24. ^ "»Keiner traut sich an Höcke heran«" (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-26.
  25. ^ Andreas Kemper: Im Dienste einer großen „Abrechnung“, in: der Freitag, Ausg. 26/2019, abgerufen am 4. Juli 2019.
  26. ^ Severin Weiland, Christina Hebel: Mutmaßlicher Kontakt zur NPD: AfD-Landeschef Höcke lehnt eidesstattliche Erklärung ab. Spiegel, 29. April 2015
  27. ^ Hannes Vogel: Alte Kameraden. Zeit, 13. September 2018
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