Strela (satellite): Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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The first three satellites, [[Kosmos 38]] (reentered 8 November 1964), [[Kosmos 39]] (reentered 17 November 1964) and [[Kosmos 40]] (reentered 17 November 1964), were launched on 18 August 1964. Five different types of Strela satellites have been launched, designated Strela-1 (1964-1965), Strela-1M (1970-1992), Strela-2 (1965-1968), Strela-2M (1970-1994), and Strela-3 (1985-2010).<ref name="satcat">{{cite web|publisher=Jonathan McDowell|title=Satellite Catalog Number index (updated Jan 2008)|url=http://host.planet4589.org/space/logs/satcat.txt|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk1">{{cite web |publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-1 (11F610)|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-1.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk1m">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs |title=Strela-1M (11F625)|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-1m.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk2">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-2 (11F610) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-2.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk2m">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-2M (11F610) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-2m.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk3">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-3 (17F13) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-3.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref> Strela satellites are also used for the civilian [[Gonets]] program. The current version of Strela, Strela-3M is also known as Rodnik.<ref name="gdk3m">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-3M (14F132)|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-3m.htm|year=2012|access-date=2012-08-10}}</ref> |
The first three satellites, [[Kosmos 38]] (reentered 8 November 1964), [[Kosmos 39]] (reentered 17 November 1964) and [[Kosmos 40]] (reentered 17 November 1964), were launched on 18 August 1964. Five different types of Strela satellites have been launched, designated Strela-1 (1964-1965), Strela-1M (1970-1992), Strela-2 (1965-1968), Strela-2M (1970-1994), and Strela-3 (1985-2010).<ref name="satcat">{{cite web|publisher=Jonathan McDowell|title=Satellite Catalog Number index (updated Jan 2008)|url=http://host.planet4589.org/space/logs/satcat.txt|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk1">{{cite web |publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-1 (11F610)|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-1.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk1m">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs |title=Strela-1M (11F625)|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-1m.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk2">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-2 (11F610) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-2.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk2m">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-2M (11F610) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-2m.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref><ref name="gdk3">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-3 (17F13) |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-3.htm|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-12}}</ref> Strela satellites are also used for the civilian [[Gonets]] program. The current version of Strela, Strela-3M is also known as Rodnik.<ref name="gdk3m">{{cite web|publisher=Gunter Dirk Krebs|title=Strela-3M (14F132)|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/strela-3m.htm|year=2012|access-date=2012-08-10}}</ref> |
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In 2018 austrian counterintelligence authorities uncovered a Martin M., an austrian officer of [[Bundesheer]] as russian spy. During the investigation, the Austrian counterintelligence found a small suitcase. It had radio-communication equipment built into it; Martin M. was able to connect Strela-3 satellite and receive and send encrypted messages with the equipment. The authorithies also found a list of times when the satellite was positioned over Austria. |
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==Accidents and incidents== |
==Accidents and incidents== |
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Revision as of 12:09, 13 April 2021
| Manufacturer | NPO PM |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Soviet Union Russia |
| Operator | VKS / GRU VKO |
| Applications | Military communications |
| Specifications | |
| Power | 40 watts from solar panels |
| Batteries | Nickel hydrogen |
| Equipment | UHF transponders (NATO B / D band) Data rate of up to 64 kb/s) |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Design life | 5 years |
| Production | |
| Status | Operational |
| Related spacecraft | |
| Derivatives | Gonets (civil satellites) |
Strela (Russian: Стрела, for Arrow) is a Russian (previously Soviet) military communications satellite constellation operating in low Earth orbit. These satellites operate as mailboxes ("store-and-forward"): they remember the received messages and then resend them after the scheduled time, or by a command from the Earth. Some sources state the satellites are capable of only three months of active operation, but in accordance with others[1] they can serve for about five years. The satellites are used for transmission of encrypted messages and images.
History
The first three satellites, Kosmos 38 (reentered 8 November 1964), Kosmos 39 (reentered 17 November 1964) and Kosmos 40 (reentered 17 November 1964), were launched on 18 August 1964. Five different types of Strela satellites have been launched, designated Strela-1 (1964-1965), Strela-1M (1970-1992), Strela-2 (1965-1968), Strela-2M (1970-1994), and Strela-3 (1985-2010).[2][3][4][5][6][7] Strela satellites are also used for the civilian Gonets program. The current version of Strela, Strela-3M is also known as Rodnik.[8]
In 2018 austrian counterintelligence authorities uncovered a Martin M., an austrian officer of Bundesheer as russian spy. During the investigation, the Austrian counterintelligence found a small suitcase. It had radio-communication equipment built into it; Martin M. was able to connect Strela-3 satellite and receive and send encrypted messages with the equipment. The authorithies also found a list of times when the satellite was positioned over Austria.
Accidents and incidents
- At 16:56 UTC on 10 February 2009, Kosmos 2251, a retired Strela-2M, collided with the operational Iridium 33 satellite.[9]
References
- ^ http://swfound.org/media/6575/swf_iridium_cosmos_collision_fact_sheet_updated_2012.pdf
- ^ "Satellite Catalog Number index (updated Jan 2008)". Jonathan McDowell. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "Strela-1 (11F610)". Gunter Dirk Krebs. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "Strela-1M (11F625)". Gunter Dirk Krebs. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "Strela-2 (11F610)". Gunter Dirk Krebs. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "Strela-2M (11F610)". Gunter Dirk Krebs. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "Strela-3 (17F13)". Gunter Dirk Krebs. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "Strela-3M (14F132)". Gunter Dirk Krebs. 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Iannotta, Becky (11 February 2009). "U.S. Satellite Destroyed in Space Collision". Space.com. Retrieved 11 February 2009.