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Sami Sharaf

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Sami Sharaf
Sharaf in 1970
Minister of State for Presidential Affairs
In office
28 September 1961 – May 1971
President
Succeeded byMuhammad Ahmad Muhammad
Personal details
Born(1929-04-20)20 April 1929
Heliopolis, Cairo, Kingdom of Egypt
Died23 January 2023(2023-01-23) (aged 93)
Cairo, Egypt
Political party
Alma materMilitary Academy

Sami Sharaf (Arabic: سامي شرف; 20 April 1929 – 23 January 2023) was an Egyptian military officer who held various posts during the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser. His public roles ended in May 1971 when he was arrested and then imprisoned by the Egyptian authorities under the presidency of Anwar Sadat.

Early life and education

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Sharaf was born in Heliopolis, Cairo on 20 April 1929.[1] His father, Mohamed Abdel Aziz Sharaf, was a physician who was trained in Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and served as the director of Beni Suef Governorate.[2][3][4] Sami had five siblings.[2]

Sharaf graduated from the Military Academy in February 1949.[1][5] One of his teachers at the academy was Gamal Abdel Nasser.[5]

Career and activities

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Following his graduation Sharaf joined the army.[5] In January 1953 he was arrested in the artillery crackdown and jailed.[5] After he was freed, he began to work in the military intelligence unit.[5] He was part of the Free Officers movement's left-wing faction.[6]

Sharaf was the head of the Presidential Office.[7] He was primarily in charge of the security of the President Gamal Abdel Nasser being one of Nasser's personal support personnel.[8]

On 28 September 1961, Sharaf was named as the state minister for presidential affairs.[5] When the Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM) had disputes with the Syrians and the United Arab Republic was dissolved in 1961 the ANM developed direct ties with Egypt under the coordination of Sharaf.[9] He was a member of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU) and was part of its secret unit, the Socialist Vanguard (Arabic: al-Tanzim al-Tali‘i), which was also called the Vanguard Organization.[10] The unit was established in 1963[10] and was headed by Sharaf and Sharawi Gomaa.[11] Saudi King Faisal claimed that Sharaf was involved in a plot against him in June 1969.[12] As of 1971 Sharaf was one of the Vanguard secretariat's ten members.[13]

Sharaf served as the minister of state under the presidency of Anwar Sadat.[14] Sharaf's tenure ended on 13 May 1971 when he resigned from office.[5][15] He was succeeded by Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad as minister of state on 14 May.[14]

Shortly after his resignation Sharaf was arrested due to his alleged involvement in a planned coup to overthrow Anwar Sadat.[15] The reason for the arrest of Sharaf and other officials such as Sharawi Gomaa was that they had been supported by the ASU, the leftist figures affiliated with the Al Tali'a magazine, and the business elites.[16] Sharaf was sentenced to death, but in December 1971 his sentence was reduced to life imprisonment.[15][17] He was released from the prison on 15 May 1981.[5] Sharaf was among the cofounders of the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party, but later he left it.[5]

Sharaf was an anti-communist and supported the establishment of a capitalist state.[18] However, he was considered to be a Soviet agent from 1955.[19][20] Following his removal from office in 1971 Ashraf Marwan who was the son-in-law of Nasser and an intelligence officer working under Sharaf, was given the task of coordinating the intelligence affairs.[20] As of 2011 Sharaf was part of the Egyptian Committee at the Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization.[21]

Sharaf published a book on his memoirs, Sanawat wa ayam ma‘ Jamal ‘Abd al Nasir: Shahadat Sami Sharaf, in 2006.[22] He contributed to the Egyptian newspapers Al-Ahram and Al-Masry Al-Youm, and his last article appeared on 8 April 2021.[4]

Personal life and death

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Sharaf was married and had four children.[1] He died in Cairo on 23 January 2023 at the age of 93.[2][23] Funeral prayers for him took place in Cairo with the attendance of Abdel Hakim Abdel Nasser, a son of Gamal Abdel Nasser.[2]

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Sami Sharaf was one of the characters in the 1996 Egyptian film Nasser 56 and in the 2001 Egyptian film entitled The Days of Sadat.[24][25] He was featured by Slimane Dazi in The Angel, a 2018 Netflix film.[26]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "كاتم أسرار عبدا��ناصر وأهم رجاله.. 50 معلومة عن الراحل سامي شرف". Al Balad (in Arabic). 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "Sami Sharaf, longtime confidant of Egypt's Nasser, dies at 94". The National. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  3. ^ "Nasser's Head of Presidential Office Sami Sharaf dies at 93". Al Ahram Weekly. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b David Sadler (25 January 2023). "The departure of Sami Sharaf, the treasurer of Abdel Nasser.. and the prisoner of the Sadat era". Globe Echo. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gamal Nkrumah (2007). "Shadows of the Revolution. Sami Sharaf". Al-Ahram Weekly. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  6. ^ Raymond A. Jr. Hinnebusch (1988). Egyptian Politics Under Sadat. Boulder, CO; London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 41. doi:10.1515/9781685855550. ISBN 9781685855550.
  7. ^ Amos Perlmutter (1974). Egypt: The Praetorian State. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-4128-2234-3.
  8. ^ Robert Springborg (1979). "Patrimonialism and policy making in Egypt: Nasser and Sadat and the tenure policy for reclaimed lands". Middle Eastern Studies. 15 (1): 51. doi:10.1080/00263207908700395. JSTOR 4282729.
  9. ^ Moshe Shemesh (2018). The Palestinian National Revival: In the Shadow of the Leadership Crisis, 1937–1967. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 131. doi:10.2307/j.ctv5npkcc. ISBN 9780253036599. S2CID 158990046.
  10. ^ a b Hesham Sallam (26 October 2020). "From the State of Vanguards to the House of Kofta: Reflections on Egypt's Authoritarian Impasse". Jadaliyya. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  11. ^ Iliya Harik (October 1973). "The Single Party as a Subordinate Movement: The Case of Egypt". World Politics. 26 (1): 97. doi:10.2307/2009918. JSTOR 2009918. S2CID 153367845.
  12. ^ Brandon Friedman (2020). The End of Pax Britannica in the Persian Gulf, 1968-1971. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 133. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56182-6. ISBN 978-3-030-56182-6.
  13. ^ John Waterbury (1983). The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat. The Political Economy of Two Regimes. Vol. 515. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 334. doi:10.1515/9781400857357. ISBN 9780691101477.
  14. ^ a b "Chronology February 16, 1971-May 15, 1971". The Middle East Journal. 25 (3): 379, 387. Summer 1971. JSTOR 4324780.
  15. ^ a b c Raymond H. Anderson (10 December 1971). "Four Egyptians Given Life Terms". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  16. ^ Pradeep Sen (1981). "Party system under Sadat. Change or continuity?". India Quarterly. 37 (3): 415. JSTOR 45071641.
  17. ^ "Chronology November 16, 1971-February 15, 1972". The Middle East Journal. 26 (2): 166. Spring 1972. JSTOR 4324910.
  18. ^ Ibrahim G. Aoudé (Winter 1994). "From national bourgeois development to Infitah: Egypt 1952-1992". Arab Studies Quarterly. 16 (1): 11. JSTOR 41858749.
  19. ^ Richard B. Parker (Summer 1992). "The June War: Whose Conspiracy?". Journal of Palestine Studies. 21 (4): 9. doi:10.2307/2537660. JSTOR 2537660.
  20. ^ a b Isabella Ginor; Gideon Remez (2017). "Israel's Best Spy—or a Master Double Agent? New light from the Soviet angle on the mystery of Ashraf Marwan". The Journal of the Middle East and Africa. 8 (4): 386, 388. doi:10.1080/21520844.2017.1409025. S2CID 158309394.
  21. ^ "Foreign minister receives the delegation of the Egyptian Committee at the Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization". States News Service. Cairo. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  22. ^ Jesse Ferris (Fall 2008). "Soviet Support for Egypt's Intervention in Yemen, 1962–1963". Journal of Cold War Studies. 10 (4): 10. doi:10.1162/jcws.2008.10.4.5. JSTOR 26922982. S2CID 57570449.
  23. ^ "سامي شرف رجل يوليو وسجين التصحيح .."بروفايل"". Egypt Independent (in Arabic). 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  24. ^ Joel Gordon (2000). "Nasser 56/Cairo 96. Reimaging Egypt's Lost Community". In Walter Armbrust (ed.). Mass Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA; London: University of California Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-520-21926-7.
  25. ^ Joel Gordon (2002). "Days of Anxiety/Days of Sadat: Impersonating Egypt's Flawed Hero on the Egyptian Screen". Journal of Film and Video. 54 (2–3): 27–42. JSTOR 20688378.
  26. ^ Adham Youssef (24 September 2018). "The Angel, orientalism by ignorance". Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
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