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MultiCam

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MultiCam
A computerized rendering of a swatch of MultiCam
TypeMilitary camouflage pattern
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service2004–present[1]
Used bySee Users
WarsWar in Afghanistan
Iraq War
Syrian Civil War
Mali War
Papuan Insurgency
Russo-Ukrainian War
Production history
DesignerCrye Precision
Designed2002
ManufacturerCrye Precision
MultiCam variants made in other countries
Produced2002–present
VariantsArid, Tropic, Alpine, Black
See Variants for MultiCam patterns made in other countries

MultiCam is a camouflage pattern designed for use in a wide range of environments and conditions which was developed and is produced by American company Crye Precision.[2] The pattern has found extensive adoption globally. Variants of it, some unlicensed, are in use with militaries worldwide, particularly with special forces/special operations forces units.

The pattern is also available for purchase for civilian usage. Derived from the original standard pattern, additional specified variants were developed and later introduced in late 2013, those are "Arid", "Tropic", "Alpine" and "Black".[3]

History

A mannequin wearing an early prototype of a MultiCam combat shirt in July 2004
A U.S. Army soldier at the U.S. Capitol in June 2005, modelling an early prototype MultiCam combat shirt at a military technology convention

First unveiled and designed in 2002, MultiCam was designed for the use of the U.S. Army in varied environments, seasons, elevations, and light conditions. It is a seven-color,[4] multi-environment camouflage pattern developed by Crye Precision[5] in conjunction with United States Army Soldier Systems Center.

The pattern was included in the U.S. Army's move to replace the 3-Color Desert and Woodland patterns, but in 2004 the U.S. Army chose the Universal Camouflage Pattern that came to be used in the Army Combat Uniform. Nonetheless, it remained in limited use by the U.S. Army special forces in the mid-to-late 2000s in Iraq and Afghanistan. MultiCam was also continually trialed for its "Future Force Warrior" program demonstrations.[6][7][8][9]

MultiCam was officially re-commissioned by the U.S. Army in 2010, replacing UCP for units deploying to fight in the War in Afghanistan, under the designation Operation Enduring Freedom Camouflage Pattern (OEF-CP).[10][11] It had already been used by some American special operations units and civilian law enforcement agencies.[12] The U.S. Army discontinued the use of UCP in October 2019.[13]

MultiCam is available for commercial sale to civilians.[14] A version of MultiCam has been adopted by the armed forces of the United Kingdom as the Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP), replacing their previous DPM camouflage. MTP retains the color palette of MultiCam but incorporates shapes similar to the previous DPM scheme. After using the MultiCam scheme in Afghanistan, Australia has also adopted its own version, combining the pattern of MultiCam with the color palette of its earlier DPCU / Auscam pattern.

On 25 November 2013, Crye Precision unveiled a family of MultiCam variants, which they claim can reduce the visual and near-IR signature of a person operating in different environments. There are 4 variants from the original MultiCam. First is arid, for users operating in desert environments. Second is tropic, for users operating in dense jungle environments and areas that predominantly consist of lush vegetation that remains relatively unaffected by seasonal changes. Third is alpine, for users operating in snow-covered environments and intended to be used in every area of operation that receives significant snowfall. Last is black that meets the unique requirements of police tactical units operating in high-risk environments and projects a distinctly authoritative presence appropriate for domestic operations.[15]

Appearance

U.S. Army Rangers of 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment wearing MultiCam while demonstrating the Future Force Warrior project at Fort Bliss, Texas, in February 2007

MultiCam has a background of a brown to light tan gradient, overprinted with a dark green, olive green, and lime green gradient and a top layer of opaque dark brown and cream-colored shapes spread throughout the pattern. This allows for the overall appearance to change from predominantly green to predominantly brown in different areas of the fabric, while having smaller shapes to break up the larger background areas.

The MultiCam color scheme in hex triplet is as follows:(i) Cream 524 B8A78B; (ii) Dark Brown 530 48352F; (iii) Tan 525 967860; (iv) Brown 529 6F573F; (v) Dark Green 528 5A613F; (vi) Olive 527 8C7D50; and (vii) Pale Green 526 85755C.[16]

Variants

Australia

Main articles: Australian Multicam Camouflage Uniform and General Purpose Uniform

Army

On 19 November 2010, after trials by Australian special operations forces, the Australian Defence Force announced that MultiCam will be standard for all regular Australian Army personnel in Afghanistan. MultiCam, it is said, provided "... troops with greater levels of concealment across the range of terrains in Afghanistan – urban, desert and green." Previously, depending upon the terrain, Australian troops had to transition between green and desert colored Australian Disruptive Pattern Camouflage Uniforms (DPCU or AUSCAM).[17][18] On 30 May 2011 the Defence Material Organisation announced that they had obtained licence to produce MultiCam in Australia for US$4.7 million and Crye would also design a new uniquely Australian pattern for another US$3.1 million.[19]

The Australian Army decided to standardize MultiCam-patterned uniforms starting in October 2014 called the Australian Multicam Camouflage Uniform (AMCU). The Australian derivative retains colour and pattern elements of the previous DPCU pattern. The AMCU is manufactured domestically by Australian Defence Apparel and Pacific Brands Workwear Group and comes in two variations, field and combat, using a tested Australian Multi-Camouflage Pattern that can operate in bush, desert, and jungle conditions. Previous DPCU Uniforms and Australian MultiCam Pattern Operational Combat Uniforms will be worn until all Army personnel have been issued with the AMCU.[20]

  • Australian special forces in MultiCam, June 2010
    Australian special forces in MultiCam, June 2010
  • An Australian soldier wearing a combat uniform and kit in AMCU pattern, in Iraq, 2016
    An Australian soldier wearing a combat uniform and kit in AMCU pattern, in Iraq, 2016

Air Force

In 2014 the Royal Australian Air Force began fielding a new MultiCam-based uniform to replace the DPCU, called the General Purpose Uniform (GPU), using the blue-and-grey colours of the RAAF.[21] The uniform is not intended to be used as camouflage in warlike operations or environments.[22][23]

  • The primarily blue colour scheme of the General Purpose Uniform, seen from behind.
    The primarily blue colour scheme of the General Purpose Uniform, seen from behind.
  • Two members of the RAAF wearing the GPU in 2022
    Two members of the RAAF wearing the GPU in 2022

Navy

In 2015, the Royal Australian Navy began their own testing of a new MultiCam uniform with a blue colourway, calling it the Maritime Multicam Pattern Uniform (MMPU)[24] The new uniform and pattern were intended to replace the Navy's grey-and-green Disruptive Pattern Naval Uniform (DPNU) by 2017.[25] In 2019, the Navy announced that it was fielding a variant of the new AMCU including the design and cut of the uniform itself, and reverting to the grey-and-green colours of the DPNU.[26]

  • Royal Australian Navy officers wearing the MMPU in 2024
    Royal Australian Navy officers wearing the MMPU in 2024

The fabric for the AMCU, the MMPU, and the GPU are produced in Australia by Bruck Textiles Pty Ltd.[27]

Canada

Main article: CADPAT § Multi-terrain

In 2021, a CADPAT variant based on the MultiCam pattern, called "multi-terrain pattern" or simply "MT," was announced as the replacement the TW and AR patterns. [28]

The rollout began in February 2024 for high-readiness units first;[29] and scheduled to fully replace all older variant of CADPAT by 2026.[30]

Georgia

A domestic variant of MultiCam is in use with the Georgian Defense Forces as standard issue for all military branches as well as special units of the MIA and State Security. The pattern was adopted initially in 2009, replacing the DWC and MARPAT and since has been produced in a slightly altered version that fits better to the local environment.

  • Infantrymen of the Georgian 33rd LIB during a mission readiness exercise
    Infantrymen of the Georgian 33rd LIB during a mission readiness exercise
  • A Georgian ranger during mission rehearsal for Afghanistan deployment
    A Georgian ranger during mission rehearsal for Afghanistan deployment
  • Georgian troops wearing a mix of MultiCam and MARPAT
    Georgian troops wearing a mix of MultiCam and MARPAT
  • A Georgian officer of the Batumi Separate Light Infantry Battalion in Afghanistan
    A Georgian officer of the Batumi Separate Light Infantry Battalion in Afghanistan

Hungary

Main article: Hungarian camouflage pattern 2015M
  • The Hungarian Army's 2015M pattern
    The Hungarian Army's 2015M pattern
  • Hungarian soldier wearing 2015M pattern uniform
    Hungarian soldier wearing 2015M pattern uniform

Indonesia

On 2 March 2022, the Army unveiled their field uniform with a new camo pattern known as "Loreng Angkatan Darat" (Army camo pattern) or "Loreng TNI AD" also known officially as 'PDL (Pakaian Dinas Lapangan) Khas Matra Darat'.[31][32][33] This camo is a variant of Multicam based on US Army OCP with local DPM color palette. A Desert/Arid variant intended to replace the older local Desert DPM Variant are also Present.

New Zealand

Main article: Uniforms of the New Zealand Army

The New Zealand Defence Force announced in late 2019 that it would be replacing its local Multi Terrain Pattern camouflage (NZMTP), in use since 2014, with a variant of British Multi-Terrain Pattern. The rollout began in 2020.[34] Prior to this, the New Zealand Special Air Service in Afghanistan wore uniforms in Crye Precision MultiCam.

  • NZ Army soldiers wearing the NZMTP uniform during training.
    NZ Army soldiers wearing the NZMTP uniform during training.
  • A Royal New Zealand Air Force officer, right. wearing NZMTP.
    A Royal New Zealand Air Force officer, right. wearing NZMTP.

Poland

A modified version of MultiCam has been adopted by the some of Polish Special Forces. It is named Suez.[35]

  • From left: Suez, MultiCam, OCP
    From left: Suez, MultiCam, OCP

Portugal

As part of the Sistemas de Combate do Soldado (Soldiers Combat Systems) project, in 2018, the Portuguese Army started to experiment a new individual equipment system for the dismounted soldiers, which includes a new camouflaged MultiCam-style uniform.[36] This new uniform was tested in the field by units deployed to the Central African Republic, Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2019, the MultiCam-style camouflaged was officially adopted as the Multiterreno (Multi-terrain), becoming the standard field uniform camouflage of the Portuguese Army, gradually replacing the Disruptive Pattern Material pattern.[36]

It was developed in cooperation with the CINAMIL (Research Center for Development and Innovation of the Military Academy).[36]

  • Portuguese Paratroopers on board aircraft
    Portuguese Paratroopers on board aircraft
  • A landed Portuguese Paratrooper
    A landed Portuguese Paratrooper

Romania

In October 2016, a new camouflage meant to replace the old Disruptive Pattern Material was presented by the Romanian Armed Forces. The pattern has a mosaic design and resembles MultiCam.[37][discuss] The new camouflage was introduced in 2017. The five-color M2017 camouflage has distinct versions for the Army, Navy, and Air Force.[38]

Regular MultiCam is also used by the Special Forces. These uniforms are made by UF Pro.[39]

  • M2017 camouflage pattern
    M2017 camouflage pattern
  • Air Force pattern
    Air Force pattern
  • Navy pattern
    Navy pattern
  • Army Sgt. Maj. Florea Sas wearing an M2017 camouflage uniform
    Army Sgt. Maj. Florea Sas wearing an M2017 camouflage uniform
  • Vânători de munte soldiers
    Vânători de munte soldiers

Russia

MultiCam has also been adopted by some Russian Spetsnaz units, including FSB Alpha,[40] the SSO,[40] and by the Internal Troops of the MVD. It is reported that Russia makes their own MultiCam camos.[41]

In 2023, Russia has adopted Multicam as a standard camouflage of its new Army field uniform kit, VKPO 2.0, VKPO 3.0 and VKPO 4.0.[42]

  • Russian FSB officers in December 2010, during an operation in Makhachkala
    Russian FSB officers in December 2010, during an operation in Makhachkala
  • Russian special operations forces in February 2016
    Russian special operations forces in February 2016
  • Two operators of the SOBR special police force wearing MultiCam fatigues
    Two operators of the SOBR special police force wearing MultiCam fatigues

Ukraine

The first use of MultiCam in Ukraine was done by the "Ukrainian Volunteer Battalions": militias and paramilitary groups formed to fight separatists, which were largely self-funded and bought their own equipment.[43]

Ukraine first adopted MultiCam officially for their special forces units as part of a larger NATO training and modernization program,[44] together with a new digital camo for regular units.[45] However, some regular Ukrainian Armed Forces and the National Guard of Ukraine units have been issued MultiCam uniforms as well.[46] Territorial Defense Forces volunteers, are sometimes issued or buy their own MultiCam uniforms.[47] Members of the special police unit Rapid Operational Response Unit (KORD) of the National Police of Ukraine also use MultiCam.

United Kingdom

The colors of the MultiCam pattern were also used in the development of the British armed forces Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP). British forces deployed in Afghanistan used MTP uniforms from March 2010 onwards, with these uniforms replacing all Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) uniforms by 2013. The colors used in Crye's MultiCam technology were determined to be the best performing, across the widest range of environments (by a significant margin) when compared with the two existing DPM designs in use at the time and was subsequently selected as the basis for the new MTP camouflage, combined with the existing DPM base pattern.[48][49]

In June 2020, the Royal Marines announced the adoption of a new uniform made by Crye which uses the original MultiCam pattern instead of MTP, though the compatibility of the two designs means that items of load carrying equipment produced in MTP continue to be on issue;[50][51] prior to this, usage of original MultiCam as an issued uniform (as opposed to items privately purchased by individual personnel) was limited to United Kingdom Special Forces units.[52]

  • British Army paratroopers wearing MTP during Rapid Trident 2011
    British Army paratroopers wearing MTP during Rapid Trident 2011
  • British Army soldier wearing MTP in Afghanistan, 2011
    British Army soldier wearing MTP in Afghanistan, 2011
  • RAF Regiment reservist wearing MTP at Hythe Range Complex, 2013
    RAF Regiment reservist wearing MTP at Hythe Range Complex, 2013
  • Special Forces Support Group member wearing MultiCam in Afghanistan, 2013
    Special Forces Support Group member wearing MultiCam in Afghanistan, 2013
  • Pathfinder Platoon member wearing MultiCam on exercise, 2018
    Pathfinder Platoon member wearing MultiCam on exercise, 2018
  • Royal Marines demonstrating their newly adopted MultiCam uniforms in 2020
    Royal Marines demonstrating their newly adopted MultiCam uniforms in 2020
  • Royal Marines wearing a combination of MultiCam (uniform, helmet cover) and MTP (body armour, load carrying equipment) items at Bovington Training Area, 2021
    Royal Marines wearing a combination of MultiCam (uniform, helmet cover) and MTP (body armour, load carrying equipment) items at Bovington Training Area, 2021
  • Royal Marines Brigadier wearing MultiCam at Navy Command Headquarters, 2021
    Royal Marines Brigadier wearing MultiCam at Navy Command Headquarters, 2021

United States

MultiCam is currently in use by the U.S. Special Operations Command,[53] and some private military contractors.[54] Several members of the U.S. Army's Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 12th Infantry Regiment were also seen wearing MultiCam when followed by ABC News.[55] In 2010, U.S. soldiers deployed to Afghanistan were issued MultiCam versions of the Army Combat Uniform, as the existing Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP) was found to be inadequate for the terrain.

In May 2014, the Army selected a pattern similar to MultiCam called Scorpion W2 to replace UCP, naming it the Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP). The original Scorpion pattern was jointly developed by Crye Precision and the Army for the Objective Force Warrior program in 2002, and Crye made small adjustments for trademark purposes to create MultiCam. Because Scorpion is similar to MultiCam, the same color Velcro, buttons, and zippers can be reused.[56][57] OCP resembles MultiCam with muted greens, light beige, and dark brown colors, but uses fewer beige and brown patches and no vertical twig and branch elements.[58] On 31 July 2014, the Army formally announced that OCP would begin being issued in uniforms in summer 2015.[59] Soldiers were allowed to continue wearing uniforms and field equipment patterned in MultiCam until they could acquire OCP, which was allowed until the MultiCam uniforms' wear-out date on 1 October 2018.[60] The U.S. Air Force also subsequently adopted OCP uniforms, starting 2018 with full phase-on April 1, 2021, replacing the previous Airman Battle Uniform.

Some local, state and federal law enforcement agencies also make use of the pattern, including the Drug Enforcement Administration's Foreign-deployed Advisory and Support Teams (FAST) teams operating in Afghanistan as well as the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Special Reaction Team, the Spokane, Washington Police Department, and the Oregon State Police SWAT team.

Users

Current

Future

  •  France: A French-developed camouflage inspired by MultiCam, called Bariolage Multi-Environnement (BME), is due to become the standard camouflage pattern of the French Armed Forces from 2024 onwards.[113]
  •  Ireland: An Irish version known as Irish Transitional Multi-Cam Pattern (ITMCP) is being developed by the Irish military to replace in their DPM camouflage uniforms with the ITCMP pattern designed by Crye Precision.[84] ITMCP will be part of the upcoming DF Combat Clothing System, which would cost €40 million.[114]

Former

Non-state users

See also

References

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Bibliography

  • Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.
  • Neville, Leigh (2019). The Elite: The A–Z of Modern Special Operations Forces. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472824295.
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