View source for USS Chicago (1885)

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{{Short description|Protected cruiser of the US Navy}}
{{other ships|USS Chicago}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:Chicago (protected). Port bow, 1891 - NARA - 512893.jpg|300px|USS ''Chicago'' (protected). Port bow]]
|Ship caption=USS ''Chicago'' in 1891
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1923}}
|Ship name=*''Chicago'' (1885–1928)
*''Alton'' (1928–1936)
|Ship namesake=*City of [[Chicago, Illinois]]
*City of [[Alton, Illinois]]
|Ship ordered=3 March 1883
|Ship awarded=26 July 1883
|Ship builder=[[Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works]], [[Chester, Pennsylvania]]
|Ship original cost=$889,000 (contract price of hull and machinery)
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=29 December 1883
|Ship launched=5 December 1885
|Ship sponsor=Edith Cleborne
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=
|Ship commissioned=17 April 1889
|Ship decommissioned=30 September 1923
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship renamed=''Alton'' 16 July 1928 and reclassified IX-5
|Ship reclassified=*'''CA-14''', 17 July 1920
*'''CL-14''', 8 August 1921
*'''IX-5''', 16 June 1928
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=*[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]:CA-14
*Hull symbol:CL-14
*[[Hull classification symbol#Temporary designations|Hull symbol]]:IX-5
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=*sold 15 May 1936,
*Foundered under tow 8 July 1936
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (as built)
|Ship type=[[Protected cruiser]]
|Ship displacement={{convert|4500|LT|t|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}
|Ship length=*{{convert|342|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
*{{convert|325|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
|Ship beam={{convert|48|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|19|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*14 × {{convert|100|psi|abbr=on}} coal-fired [[boiler]]s
|Ship propulsion=*2 × [[compound engine|compound]] overhead beam [[steam engine]]s
*{{convert|5084|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}}
*2 × [[Propeller (marine)|screw]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|14|kn|mph km/h|lk=in|abbr=on}}
|Ship sail plan=[[Schooner]]
|Ship range=
|Ship capacity={{convert|830|ST|t|abbr=on}} of [[coal]]
|Ship complement=45 officers and 356 enlisted men
|Ship armament=*4 × [[8"/30 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|adj=on|}}/30]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 2 guns (4x1)
*8 × [[6"/30 caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|adj=on|}}/30]] caliber Mark 2 guns (8x1)
*2 × [[5"/31 caliber gun|{{convert|5|in|adj=on|}}/31]] caliber Mark 1 guns (2x1)
*2 × [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|6-pounder]] {{convert|57|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} guns
*4 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|3-pounder]] {{convert|47|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} guns
*2 × [[Hotchkiss gun|1-pounder]] {{convert|37|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} Hotchkiss revolver cannon
*2 × [[.45-70|.45 caliber]] (11.4 mm) [[Gatling gun]]s
|Ship armor=*Gun shields: {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|1.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Conning tower]]: {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (1895 & 1902 rebuild)
|Ship displacement={{convert|5000|LT|t|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship type=
|Ship power=*2 × [[Triple expansion engine#Multiple expansion engines|Triple expansion engines]]
*{{convert|9000|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=*6 × [[Babcock & Wilcox boiler]]s
*4 × Single ended boilers
*2 × [[Propeller (marine)|screw]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|18|kn|lk=in}} (Speed on Trial)
|Ship range=
|Ship armament=*4 × [[8"/35 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|mm|abbr=on}}/35]] caliber Mark 4 guns (4x1)
*14 × [[5"/40 caliber gun|{{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}}/40]] caliber Mark 3 guns (2x1)
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

The first '''USS ''Chicago''''' (later '''CA-14''') was a [[protected cruiser]] of the [[United States Navy]], the largest of the original three authorized by Congress for the "New Navy" and one of the U.S. Navy's first four [[steel]] ships.

She was launched on 5 December 1885 by [[Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works]] of [[Chester, Pennsylvania]], sponsored by Edith Cleborne (daughter of Navy Medical Director Cuthbert J. Cleborne) and commissioned on 17 April 1889.

==Design and construction==
''Chicago'' was ordered as part of the "ABCD" ships, the others being the cruisers {{USS|Atlanta|1884|2}} and {{USS|Boston|1884|2}} and the [[dispatch vessel]] {{USS|Dolphin|1884|2}}. These were the first steel-hulled ships of the "New Navy". All were ordered from the same shipyard, [[Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works]] of [[Chester, Pennsylvania]]. However, when [[Secretary of the Navy]] [[William Collins Whitney|William C. Whitney]] initially refused to accept ''Dolphin'', claiming her design was defective, the Roach yard went bankrupt and ''Chicago''{{'}}s completion was delayed about three years while Roach reorganized as the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works.<ref name="Conways1"/><ref name="FriedmanC"/> Like the other "ABCD" ships, ''Chicago'' was built with a sail rig to increase cruising range.

''Chicago'' was built with a displacement of {{convert|4500|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} at an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|342|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}} and {{convert|325|ft|m|abbr=on}} at the [[Length between perpendiculars|perpendiculars]]. Her beam was {{convert|48|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} with a draft of {{convert|19|ft|m|abbr=on}}. She had fourteen 100psi [[boiler]]s that ran two [[compound engine|compound]] overhead beam [[steam engine]]s that producing {{convert|5084|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}} to turn her two [[Propeller (marine)|screw]]s and achieve a speed of {{convert|14|kn|mph km/h|lk=in|abbr=on}}. She was also rigged with sails as a [[barque]]. ''Chicago'' was capable of carrying {{convert|830|ST|t|abbr=on}} of [[coal]].<ref name="FriedmanC">{{cite book |last=Friedman| first=Norman |title=U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History | pages = 18–22, 457–458 |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]] | year=1984 | location=[[Annapolis, Maryland]] | isbn=0-87021-718-6}}</ref>

''Chicago''{{'}}s original armament consisted of four [[8"/30 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|adj=on|0}}/30]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 2 guns,<ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_8-30_mk1.htm DiGiulian, Tony, US 8"/30 guns at Navweaps.com]</ref> eight [[6"/30 caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|adj=on|0}}/30]] caliber Mark 2 guns, two [[5"/31 caliber gun|{{convert|5|in|adj=on|0}}/31]] caliber Mark 1 guns,<ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_5-31_mk1.htm DiGiulian, Tony, US 5"/31 guns at Navweaps.com]</ref> two [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|6-pounder]] {{convert|57|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} guns, four [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|3-pounder]] {{convert|47|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} guns, two [[Hotchkiss gun|1-pounder]] {{convert|37|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} Hotchkiss revolver cannon, and two [[.45-70|.45 caliber]] (11.4&nbsp;mm) [[Gatling gun]]s.

She had {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}} of armor on her [[gun shield]]s, {{convert|1.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} on her [[Deck (ship)|deck]], and  {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} on her [[conning tower]].<ref name="Register">{{cite book | last = Bauer | first = K. Jack | author-link = K. Jack Bauer | author2=Roberts, Stephen S. | title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 1991 | location = [[Westport, Connecticut]] | page = 141 | isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}</ref>

===Rebuilds and refits===
In 1895–99 ''Chicago'' was refitted at the [[New York Navy Yard]], with her main batteries replaced by four new [[8"/35 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|adj=on|0}}/35]] caliber Mark 4 guns,<ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_8-35_mk3.htm DiGiulian, Tony, US 8"/35 and 8"/40 guns at Navweaps.com]</ref> and with all secondary 6-inch and 5-inch guns replaced by fourteen new [[5"/40 caliber gun|{{convert|5|in|adj=on|0}}/40]] caliber Mark 3 guns.<ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_5-40_mk2.htm DiGiulian, Tony, US 5"/40 guns at Navweaps.com]</ref> She had her sails removed, boilers replaced by six [[Babcock & Wilcox boiler|Babcock & Wilcox]] and four cylindrical boilers, and engines replaced with two horizontal [[triple-expansion engine]]s totaling {{convert|9000|ihp|kW|abbr=on}} for {{convert|18|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}} speed.<ref name="Conways1">{{cite book | last = Gardiner | first = Robert | author2 = Chesneau, Roger | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 | publisher = Mayflower Books | year = 1979 | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2/page/150 150] | url = https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2/page/150 | isbn = 0-8317-0302-4 }}</ref><ref name="Register"/> In 1902 she was partially reconstructed, with an extended armored deck and increased displacement of {{convert|5000|LT|t|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Register"/> In 1915 as a training ship she was rearmed with twelve [[4"/40 caliber gun|{{convert|4|in|adj=on|0}}/40]] caliber guns,<ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_4-40_mk1.htm DiGiulian, Tony, US 4"/40 guns at Navweaps.com]</ref> and in 1918 as a flagship with four [[5"/51 caliber gun|{{convert|5|in|adj=on|0}}/51]] caliber guns. In 1920, as a [[submarine tender]] at [[Pearl Harbor]], she was disarmed.

==Service history==

===Pre-World War I===
[[File:USS Chicago (1885) engine.jpg|thumb|left | Illustration of one of ''Chicago''{{'}}s two original beam-propeller engines. ''Chicago'' was a twin-screw ship; a similar engine drove the screw on the other side of the vessel.]]

On 7 December 1889, ''Chicago'' departed [[Boston]] for [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]], arriving on 21 December. The cruiser served in European and Mediterranean waters as the [[flagship]] of the [[Squadron of Evolution]] until 31 May 1890, when she sailed from [[Funchal]], [[Madeira]] to call at [[Brazil]]ian and West Indian ports before returning to New York on 29 July.

''Chicago'' operated along the east coasts of North and [[South America]] and in the [[Caribbean]] as flagship of the Squadron of Evolution—and later as flagship of the [[North Atlantic Squadron]]—until 1893. After taking part in the [[International Naval Review]] in [[Hampton Roads]] in April, she left New York on 18 June 1893 to cruise in European and Mediterranean waters as flagship of the European station. During this period the ship was commanded by [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]], already famous as a naval strategist. ''Chicago'' returned to New York on 20 March 1895, and was placed out of commission there on 1 May.

Recommissioned on 1 December 1898, ''Chicago'' made a short cruise in the Caribbean before sailing for the European Station on 18 April. She returned to New York on 27 September and participated in the naval parade and [[George Dewey|Dewey]] celebration of 2 October 1899. ''Chicago'' sailed from New York on 25 November for an extended cruise, as flagship of the [[South Atlantic Station]] until early July 1901, then as flagship of the European Station. With the squadron, she cruised in northern European, Mediterranean, and Caribbean waters until 1 August 1903, when she proceeded to [[Oyster Bay (hamlet), New York|Oyster Bay]], New York, and the [[Presidential Review]].

From 3 December 1903&nbsp;– 15 August 1904, ''Chicago'' was out of commission at Boston undergoing repairs. After operating along the northeast coast, the cruiser departed [[Newport News, Virginia|Newport News]] on 17 November for [[Valparaíso]], [[Chile]], arriving on 28 December. There, on 1 January 1905, she relieved the [[armored cruiser]] {{USS|New York|ACR-2|2}} as flagship of the [[Pacific Squadron]] and for three years operated off the west coasts of North and South America, in the Caribbean, and to [[Hawaii]]. In 1906, she played a key role in the evacuation of [[San Francisco]] during the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]]. Arriving from [[San Diego]] at 6pm on 19 April, ''Chicago'''s radio allowed the city's leadership to communicate with the outside world, as telephone and telegraph lines were down.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/spring/earthquake.html US National Archives, ''Prologue'' Magazine, Spring 2006, Vol. 38, No. 1, ''When an American City is Destroyed'']</ref> A group of two officers and sixteen enlisted men from ''Chicago'' supervised waterborne evacuation efforts. The removal of 20,000 [[refugee]]s to [[Tiburon, California|Tiburon]] in [[Marin County]] by this ship and numerous other vessels is said to be unparalleled and unsurpassed until the 1940 [[Operation Dynamo|evacuation of Dunkirk]].<ref>[http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist10/06timeline.html Timeline of the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire – 1906]</ref>

On 8 January 1908, ''Chicago'' departed San Diego for the east coast and in May joined the [[United States Naval Academy|Naval Academy]] Practice Squadron for the summer cruise along the northeast coast until 27 August, when she went into reserve. ''Chicago'' was recommissioned the next summer (14 May – 28 August 1909) to operate with the Practice Squadron along the east coast, then returned to [[Annapolis]]. On 4 January 1910, she left the Academy for Boston, arriving on 23 January. She then served "in commission in reserve" with the [[Massachusetts Naval Militia]] until 12 April 1916, and with the [[Pennsylvania Naval Militia]] from 26 April 1916 – April 1917.

===World War I and beyond===
On 6 April 1917, ''Chicago'' was placed in full commission at [[Philadelphia]] and reported to Submarine Force, Atlantic ([[COMSUBLANT]]) as flagship at [[Submarine Base New London|New London]], [[Connecticut]], commanded by future Admiral [[Thomas C. Hart]].<ref>[http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/t/thomas-c-hart.html Biography of Thomas C. Hart at Naval History and Heritage Command]</ref> On 10 July 1919, she departed New York to join Cruiser Division 2 (CruDiv&nbsp;2), as flagship in the Pacific. She was reclassified CA-14 in 1920 and then CL-14 in 1921. From December 1919 – September 1923, she served with SubDiv&nbsp;14 and as tender at the [[Naval Submarine Base Pearl Harbor]].

''Chicago'' was decommissioned at Pearl Harbor on 30 September 1923 and served as a [[receiving ship]] at Naval Submarine Base Pearl Harbor until 1935. On 16 July 1928 she was renamed ''Alton'' to free the name ''Chicago'' for the [[heavy cruiser]] {{USS|Chicago|CA-29}} and was reclassified as an "unclassified miscellaneous unit" (IX-5).

''Alton'' was sold on 15 May 1936. She foundered in mid-Pacific on 8 July 1936 while being towed from Honolulu to San Francisco for delivery to her buyers.<ref>Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, eds., ''Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860-1905'', New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, {{ISBN|0-8317-0302-4}}, p. 150.</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Officers of USS Chicago ca. 1903 (NH 104851).jpg|Officers of USS ''Chicago'', photographed on her deck {{Circa|1903}}
File:80-G-451207 (29708243662).jpg|''Chicago'' as barracks ship USS ''Alton'' (IX-5) at Pearl Harbor, 1926 
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/chicago-i.html}}

{{Library resources box}}

==Bibliography==
* Rentfrow, James C. ''Home Squadron: The U.S. Navy on the North Atlantic Station.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2014. {{ISBN|1-61251-447-2}} {{OCLC | 865711810}}
* Spears, John Randolph. ''A History of the United States Navy.'' New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1908. {{OCLC | 3467048}}
*{{cite book|title=Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I |author=Taylor, Michael J.H. |publisher= Studio |year=1990 |isbn=1-85170-378-0}}
*''The White Squadron''.  [[Toledo, Ohio]]: Woolson Spice Co., 1891. {{OCLC|45112425}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|USS Chicago (ship, 1885)}}
*[http://www.navsource.org/archives/04/chicago/chicago.htm Photo gallery of USS CHICAGO (Protected Cruiser) at NavSource.org]
*[http://www.history.navy.mil/search.html?q=%22uss+chicago%22+%221889-1935%22&category=%2Fcontent%2Fhistory%2Fnhhc%2Four-collections Navy photograph of ''Chicago'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030625235559/http://www.users.qwest.net/~robbd01/chicago.htm Additional ''Chicago'' info]
*[https://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/man-findingaids/MS_408.EAD.xml Journal of the Cruise of U.S.S. Chicago, 1893–1895 MS 408] held by [http://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/ Special Collection & Archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018031320/http://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/ |date=18 October 2014 }},     [http://www.usna.edu/Library/ Nimitz Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018032323/http://www.usna.edu/Library/ |date=18 October 2014 }} at the [http://www.usna.edu United States Naval Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906180027/http://www.usna.edu/ |date=6 September 2016 }}

{{Squadron of Evolution}}
{{WWI US ships}}
{{1936 shipwrecks}}
{{coord missing|Pacific Ocean}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chicago (1885)}}
[[Category:1885 ships]]
[[Category:Protected cruisers of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:1906 San Francisco earthquake]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1936]]
[[Category:Ships built by the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Spanish–American War cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:Philippine–American War ships of the United States]]

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French destroyer L'Indomptable (edit)
French submarine Pasteur (Q139) (edit)
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USS Boston (1884) (edit)
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USS Chicago (CA-29) (edit)
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Return to USS Chicago (1885).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Chicago_(1885)"